NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUILDING CODE:

RESIDENTIAL CODE

(2015 IRC®, IMC®, IFGC® andIPC® with North Carolina Amendments)

2018

5711L18

2018 North Carolina Residential Code

First Printing: May 2018

ISBN: 978-1-60983-824-9

COPYRIGHT 2018 by

INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL, INC.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This 2018 North Carolina Residential Code contains substantial copyrighted material from the2015 International Residential Code®, third printing, which is a copyrighted work owned by the International Code Council, Inc.Without advance written permission from the copyright owner, no part of this book may be reproduced, distributed or transmit-ted in any form or by any means, including, without limitation, electronic, optical or mechanical means (by way of example, andnot limitation, photocopying or recording by or in an information storage retrieval system). For information on use rights andpermissions, please contact: ICC Publications, 4051 Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, IL 60478. Phone 1-888-ICC-SAFE(422-7233).

Trademarks: “International Code Council,” the “International Code Council” logo, “ICC,” the “ICC” logo, “International Resi-dential Code,” “IRC” and other names and trademarks appearing in this book are trademarks of the International Code Council,Inc., and/or its licensors (as applicable), and may not be used without permission.

Cover photo courtesy of Jeffrey Clare.

PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.

T022615

2018 NORTH CAROLINA RESIDENTIAL CODE iii

NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUILDING CODE COUNCILDECEMBER 12, 2017

www.ncbuildingcodes.com

Charles Conner, RA — 22(Architect)Hager Smith Design300 South Dawson StreetRaleigh, NC 27601919-838-5104

CHAIR

Robbie Davis — 21(General Contractor)Turn-Key Contractors5998 Dortches BoulevardRocky Mount, NC 27804252-977-6680

VICE CHAIR

Daniel Priest, RA — 22(Architect)Priest ArchitecturePO Box 5295Charlotte, NC 28299704-379-1810

Gary Embler — 23(Home Builder)Niblock Homes759 Concord Pkwy N, Ste. 20Concord, NC 28057704-361-7720

Bridget Herring — 23(Public Representative)Energy Program CoordinatorPO Box 7148Asheville, NC 28802828-484-4852

Tony Sears — 22(Municipal Representative)KinstonPO Drawer 339Kinston, NC 28502252-939-3111

Ralph Euchner — 19(Gas Industry)PSNC EnergyPO Box 1398Gastonia, NC 28053704-810-3331

Steve Knight, PE — 21(Structural Engineer)Steve L. Knight, PE1507 Mount Vernon Ave.Statesville, NC 28677704-878-2996

Leon Skinner — 21(Building Inspector)Raleigh1 Exchange Plaza, Ste. 500Raleigh, NC 27601919-996-2455

Keith Hamilton — 19(Mechanical Contractor)Element Service Group7414 Almaden WayCary, NC 27518919-926-1475

Frankie Meads — 22(County Representative)Albemarle Home Builders200 Bayshore DriveElizabeth City, NC 27909252-330-2423

David Smith — 22(Coastal Contractor)D. Smith Builder905 Saltwood LaneWilmington, NC 28411910-681-0394

Wayne Hamilton — 21(Fire Services)Buncombe County270 Upper Herron Cove RoadWeaverville, NC 28787828-658-3911

Robert Morrow — 19(Electrical Contractor)Electrical ContractorPO Box 1121Pilot Mountain, NC 27041336-420-7231

Eric Tjalma, RA — 23(State Agency)State Construction301 North Wilmington St.Raleigh, NC 27601919-807-4097

Keith Rogers, PE — 21(Mechanical Engineer)Bass, Nixon and Kennedy6310 Chapel Hill Road, Ste. 250Raleigh, NC 27612919-851-4422

Wade White, PE — 19(Electrical Engineer)Brite Engineering2001 Old Westfield RoadPilot Mountain, NC 27041336-351-3781

iv 2018 NORTH CAROLINA RESIDENTIAL CODE

NORTH CAROLINADEPARTMENT OF INSURANCE

www.ncdoi.com/osfm

919-647-0000

By Statute, the Commissioner of Insurance has general supervision of the administration and enforcement of the North CarolinaState Building Code and the Engineering Division serves as the Staff for the Building Code Council. Officials of the Departmentof Insurance are:

COMMITTEES OF THE COUNCILDECEMBER 12, 2017

MIKE CAUSEYCommissioner

BRIAN TAYLORSenior Deputy Commissioner

CLIFF ISAAC, PEDeputy Commissioner

BARRY GUPTON, PEChief Code Consultant

BILL KIRK, PEChief Residential Code Consultant

ADMINISTRATION ENERGY MECHANICAL

Robbie Davis — ChairDaniel Priest, RA - Vice ChairRalph EuchnerWayne HamiltonSteve Knight, PEKeith Rogers, PELeon SkinnerDavid SmithWade White, PE

Ralph Euchner — ChairCharles Conner, RASteve Knight, PEFrankie MeadsBridget HerringTony SearsDavid SmithEric Tjalma, RA

Keith Rogers, PE — ChairRalph EuchnerKeith HamiltonBridget HerringRobert MorrowDavid SmithEric Tjalma, RAWade White, PE

BUILDING EXISTING BUILDING RESIDENTIAL

Daniel Priest, RA — ChairCharles Conner, RAWayne HamiltonSteve Knight, PETony SearsLeon SkinnerEric Tjalma, RA

Leon Skinner — ChairKeith HamiltonWayne HamiltonSteve Knight, PERobert MorrowDaniel Priest, RAWade White, PE

David Smith — ChairCharles Conner, RARalph EuchnerKeith HamiltonSteve Knight, PEFrankie MeadsRobert MorrowLeon Skinner

ELECTRICAL FIRE PREVENTION STRUCTURAL

Wade White, PE — ChairRalph EuchnerBridget HerringRobert MorrowDaniel Priest, RAKeith Rogers, PE

Wayne Hamilton — ChairCharles Conner, RARalph EuchnerDaniel Priest, RALeon SkinnerWade White, PE

Steve Knight, PE — ChairFrankie MeadsDaniel Priest, RAKeith Rogers, PETony SearsLeon SkinnerEric Tjalma, RA

2018 NORTH CAROLINA RESIDENTIAL CODE v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSNorth Carolina Building Code CouncilResidential Code Ad-Hoc Committee

CHAIR

David SmithD. Smith, Builder905 Saltwood LaneWilmington, NC 28411910-520-6395

Dennis BordeauxJade Learning6302 Mallard DriveWilmington, NC 28403910-612-7777

Melanie Butler, PENorth Carolina Department of Insurance1202 Mail Service CenterRaleigh, NC 27699-1202919-647-0016

Robbie DavisTurn-Key Contractors5998 Dortches BoulevardRocky Mount NC 27804252- 977-6680

Ralph EuchnerPSNC EnergyPO Box 1398Gastonia, NC 28053704-810-3331

Jeff GriffinMecklenburg County Code Enforcement2145 Suttle AvenueCharlotte, NC 28208704-432-1128

Bill Kirk, PENorth Carolina Department of Insurance1202 Mail Service CenterRaleigh, NC 27699-1202919-647-0006

Steve Knight, PESteve L. Knight, PE1507 Mount Vernon AvenueStatesville, NC 28677704-878-2996

Robert PrivottNorth Carolina Home Builders Association5580 Centerview Dr., Ste. 415Raleigh, NC 27606919-676-9090

Leon SkinnerCity of Raleigh InspectionsOne Exchange Plaza, Ste. 504Raleigh, NC 27601919-996-2455

Hiram WilliamsAction Construction Company, Inc.PO Box 4270Surf City, NC 28445910-620-0695

vi 2018 NORTH CAROLINA RESIDENTIAL CODE

2018 NORTH CAROLINA RESIDENTIAL CODE vii

PREFACE

Introduction

Internationally, code officials recognize the need for a modern, up-to-date residential code address-ing the design and construction of one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses. The Interna-tional Residential Code, in this 2015 edition, is designed to meet these needs through model coderegulations that safeguard the public health and safety in all communities, large and small.

This comprehensive, stand-alone residential code establishes minimum regulations for one- andtwo-family dwellings and townhouses using prescriptive provisions. It is founded on broad-basedprinciples that make possible the use of new materials and new building designs. This 2015 editionis fully compatible with all of the International Codes (I-Codes) published by the InternationalCode Council (ICC), including the International Building Code, International Energy Conserva-tion Code, International Existing Building Code, International Fire Code, International Fuel GasCode, International Green Construction Code, International Mechanical Code, ICC PerformanceCode, International Plumbing Code, International Private Sewage Disposal Code, InternationalProperty Maintenance Code, International Swimming Pool and Spa Code™, International Wildland-Urban Interface Code and International Zoning Code.

The International Residential Code provisions provide many benefits, among which is the modelcode development process that offers an international forum for residential construction profes-sionals to discuss prescriptive code requirements. This forum provides an excellent arena to debateproposed revisions. This model code also encourages international consistency in the application ofprovisions.

Development

The first edition of the International Residential Code (2000) was the culmination of an effort initi-ated in 1996 by a developement committee appointed by ICC and consisting of representativesfrom the three statutory members of the International Code Council at the time, including: BuildingOfficials and Code Administrators International, Inc. (BOCA), International Conference of BuildingOfficials (ICBO) and Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI), and representativesfrom the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB). The intent was to draft a stand-alone resi-dential code consistent with and inclusive of the scope of the existing model codes. Technical con-tent of the 1998 International One- and Two-Family Dwelling Code and the latest model codespromulgated by BOCA, ICBO, SBCCI and ICC was used as the basis for the development, followed bypublic hearings in 1998 and 1999 to consider proposed changes. This 2015 edition represents thecode as originally issued, with changes reflected in the 2009 through 2012 editions, and furtherchanges developed through the ICC Code Development Process through 2013. Residential electricalprovisions are based on the 2014 National Electrical Code® (NFPA 70). A new edition such as this ispromulgated every three years.

Energy provisions in Chapter 11 are duplicated from the International Energy ConservationCode—Residential Provisions applicable to residential buildings which fall under the scope of thiscode.

Fuel gas provisions have been included through an agreement with the American Gas Associa-tion (AGA). Electrical provisions have been included through an agreement with the National FireProtection Association (NFPA).

This code is founded on principles intended to establish provisions consistent with the scope of aresidential code that adequately protects public health, safety and welfare; provisions that do notunnecessarily increase construction costs; provisions that do not restrict the use of new materials,products or methods of construction; and provisions that do not give preferential treatment to par-ticular types or classes of materials, products or methods of construction.

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Adoption

The International Code Council maintains a copyright in all of its codes and standards. Maintainingcopyright allows ICC to fund its mission through sales of books, in both print and electronic formats.The International Residential Code is designed for adoption and use by jurisdictions that recognizeand acknowledge the ICC’s copyright in the code, and further acknowledge the substantial sharedvalue of the public/private partnership for code development between jurisdictions and the ICC.

The ICC also recognizes the need for jurisdictions to make laws available to the public. All ICCcodes and ICC standards, along with the laws of many jurisdictions, are available for free in a non-downloadable form on the ICC’s website. Jurisdictions should contact the ICC at adop-tions@iccsafe.org to learn how to adopt and distribute laws based on the International ResidentialCode in a manner that provides necessary access, while maintaining the ICC’s copyright.

Maintenance

The International Residential Code is kept up-to-date through the review of proposed changes sub-mitted by code enforcing officials, industry representatives, design professionals and other inter-ested parties. Proposed changes are carefully considered through an open code developmentprocess in which all interested and affected parties may participate.

The contents of this work are subject to change both through the code development cycles andthe governmental body that enacts the code into law. For more information regarding the codedevelopment process, contact the Codes and Standards Development Department of the Interna-tional Code Council.

The maintenance process for the fuel gas provisions is based upon the process used to maintainthe International Fuel Gas Code, in conjunction with the American Gas Association. The mainte-nance process for the electrical provisions is undertaken by the National Fire Protection Association.

While the development procedure of the International Residential Code ensures the highestdegree of care, ICC, the founding members of ICC, its members and those participating in the devel-opment of this code do not accept any liability resulting from compliance or noncompliance withthe provisions because ICC and its founding members do not have the power or authority to policeor enforce compliance with the contents of this code. Only the governmental body that enacts thecode into law has such authority.

Marginal and Text Markings

Solid vertical lines in the margins within the body of the code indicate a technical change from therequirements of the 2012 edition. Deletion indicators in the form of an arrow ( ) are provided inthe margin where an entire section, paragraph, exception or table has been deleted or an item in alist of items or a table has been deleted. Underlining within the body of the code indicates a techni-cal change to the 2018 North Carolina Residential Code from the requirements of the 2015 editionof the International Residential Code.

A single asterisk [*] placed in the margin indicates that text or a table has been relocated withinthe code. A double asterisk [**] placed in the margin indicates that the text or table immediatelyfollowing it has been relocated there from elsewhere in the code. The following table indicates suchrelocations in the 2015 edition of the International Residential Code.

2015 LOCATION 2012 LOCATION

R302.13 R501.3R403.1.3.4 R403.1.4.2R404.1.1 R404.1.3R502.2.2 R502.1.2

Tables R602.7(1) and (2) Tables R502.5(1) and (2)P2902.3.7 P2905.4.1

2018 NORTH CAROLINA RESIDENTIAL CODE ix

Italicized Terms

Selected terms set forth in Chapter 2, Definitions, are italicized where they appear in code text.Such terms are not italicized where the definition set forth in Chapter 2 does not impart theintended meaning in the use of the term. The terms selected have definitions that the user shouldread carefully to better understand the code.

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2018 NORTH CAROLINA RESIDENTIAL CODE xi

EFFECTIVE USE OF THE INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE

Effective Use of the International Residential Code

The International Residential Code (IRC) was created to serve as a complete, comprehensivecode regulating the construction of single-family houses, two-family houses (duplexes) and build-ings consisting of three or more townhouse units. All buildings within the scope of the IRC are lim-ited to three stories above grade plane. For example, a four-story single-family house would fallwithin the scope of the International Building Code (IBC), not the IRC. The benefits of devoting aseparate code to residential construction include the fact that the user need not navigate through amultitude of code provisions that do not apply to residential construction in order to locate thatwhich is applicable. A separate code also allows for residential and nonresidential code provisionsto be distinct and tailored to the structures that fall within the appropriate code's scopes.

The IRC contains coverage for all components of a house or townhouse, including structural com-ponents, fireplaces and chimneys, thermal insulation, mechanical systems, fuel gas systems, plumb-ing systems and electrical systems.

The IRC is a prescriptive-oriented (specification) code with some examples of performance codelanguage. It has been said that the IRC is the complete cookbook for residential construction. Sec-tion R301.1, for example, is written in performance language, but states that the prescriptiverequirements of the code will achieve such performance.

It is important to understand that the IRC contains coverage for what is conventional and com-mon in residential construction practice. While the IRC will provide all of the needed coverage formost residential construction, it might not address construction practices and systems that areatypical or rarely encountered in the industry. Sections such as R301.1.3, R301.2.2.1.1, R320.1,M1301.1, G2401.1 and P2601.1 refer to other codes either as an alternative to the provisions of theIRC or where the IRC lacks coverage for a particular type of structure, design, system, appliance ormethod of construction. In other words, the IRC is meant to be all inclusive for typical residentialconstruction and it relies on other codes only where alternatives are desired or where the codelacks coverage for the uncommon aspect of residential construction. Of course, the IRC constantlyevolves to address new technologies and construction practices that were once uncommon, butnow common.

The IRC is unique in that much of it, including Chapters 3 through 9 and Chapters 34 through 43,is presented in an ordered format that is consistent with the normal progression of construction,starting with the design phase and continuing through the final trim-out phase. This is consistentwith the “cookbook” philosophy of the IRC.

The IRC is divided into eight main parts, specifically, Part I—Administration, Part II—Definitions,Part III—Building Planning and Construction, Part IV—Energy Conservation, Part V—Mechanical,Part VI—Fuel Gas, Part VII—Plumbing and Part VIII—Electrical.

The following provides a brief description of the content of each chapter and appendix of theIRC:

Chapter 1 Scope and Administration. This chapter contains provisions for the application,enforcement and administration of subsequent requirements of the code. In addition to establish-ing the scope of the code, Chapter 1 identifies which buildings and structures come under its pur-view. Chapter 1 is largely concerned with maintaining “due process of law” in enforcing the buildingcriteria contained in the body of the code. Only through careful observation of the administrativeprovisions can the building official reasonably expect to demonstrate that “equal protection underthe law” has been provided.

Chapter 2 Definitions. Terms defined in the code are listed alphabetically in Chapter 2. It isimportant to note that two chapters have their own definitions sections: Chapter 24 for the defined

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terms that are unique to fuel gas and Chapter 35 containing terms that are applicable to electricalChapters 34 through 43. In the case where Chapter 2 and another chapter both define the sameterm differently, the definition found in Chapter 24 and/or 35 is intended to prevail where the termis used in Chapter 24 and/or 35 and the definition contained in Chapter 2 is intended to prevailwhere the term is used in all other locations in the code. Except where Chapter 24 or 35 has a defi-nition that will prevail therein, the definitions in Chapter 2 are applicable throughout the code.

Where understanding a term’s definition is key to or necessary for understanding a particularcode provision, the term is shown in italics where it appears in the code. This is true only for thoseterms that have a meaning that is unique to the code. In other words, the generally understoodmeaning of a term or phrase might not be sufficient or consistent with the meaning prescribed bythe code; therefore, it is essential that the code-defined meaning be known.

Guidance regarding not only tense, gender and plurality of defined terms, but also terms notdefined in this code, is provided.

Chapter 3 Building Planning. Chapter 3 provides guidelines for a minimum level of structuralintegrity, life safety, fire safety and livability for inhabitants of dwelling units regulated by this code.Chapter 3 is a compilation of the code requirements specific to the building planning sector of thedesign and construction process. This chapter sets forth code requirements dealing with light, venti-lation, sanitation, minimum room size, ceiling height and environmental comfort. Chapter 3 estab-lishes life-safety provisions including limitations on glazing used in hazardous areas, specificationson stairways, use of guards at elevated surfaces, window and fall protection, and rules for means ofegress. Snow, wind and seismic design live and dead loads and flood-resistant construction, as wellas solar energy systems, and swimming pools, spas and hot tubs, are addressed in this chapter.

Chapter 4 Foundations. Chapter 4 provides the requirements for the design and construction offoundation systems for buildings regulated by this code. Provisions for seismic load, flood load andfrost protection are contained in this chapter. A foundation system consists of two interdependentcomponents: the foundation structure itself and the supporting soil.

The prescriptive provisions of this chapter provide requirements for constructing footings andwalls for foundations of wood, masonry, concrete and precast concrete. In addition to a founda-tion's ability to support the required design loads, this chapter addresses several other factors thatcan affect foundation performance. These include controlling surface water and subsurface drain-age, requiring soil tests where conditions warrant and evaluating proximity to slopes and minimumdepth requirements. The chapter also provides requirements to minimize adverse effects of mois-ture, decay and pests in basements and crawl spaces.

Chapter 5 Floors. Chapter 5 provides the requirements for the design and construction of floorsystems that will be capable of supporting minimum required design loads. This chapter covers fourdifferent types: wood floor framing, wood floors on the ground, cold-formed steel floor framing andconcrete slabs on the ground. Allowable span tables are provided that greatly simplify the determi-nation of joist, girder and sheathing sizes for raised floor systems of wood framing and cold-formedsteel framing. This chapter also contains prescriptive requirements for wood-framed exterior decksand their attachment to the main building.

Chapter 6 Wall Construction. Chapter 6 contains provisions that regulate the design and con-struction of walls. The wall construction covered in Chapter 6 consists of five different types: woodframed, cold-formed steel framed, masonry, concrete and structural insulated panel (SIP). The pri-mary concern of this chapter is the structural integrity of wall construction and transfer of allimposed loads to the supporting structure. This chapter provides the requirements for the designand construction of wall systems that are capable of supporting the minimum design vertical loads(dead, live and snow loads) and lateral loads (wind or seismic loads). This chapter contains the pre-scriptive requirements for wall bracing and/or shear walls to resist the imposed lateral loads due towind and seismic.

Chapter 6 also regulates exterior windows and doors installed in walls. The chapter contains cri-teria for the performance of exterior windows and doors and includes provisions for testing andlabeling, garage doors, wind-borne debris protection and anchorage details.

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Chapter 7 Wall Covering. Chapter 7 contains provisions for the design and construction of inte-rior and exterior wall coverings. This chapter establishes the various types of materials, materialsstandards and methods of application permitted for use as interior coverings, including interiorplaster, gypsum board, ceramic tile, wood veneer paneling, hardboard paneling, wood shakes andwood shingles. Chapter 7 also contains requirements for the use of vapor retarders for moisturecontrol in walls.

Exterior wall coverings provide the weather-resistant exterior envelope that protects the build-ing’s interior from the elements. Chapter 7 provides the requirements for wind resistance andwater-resistive barrier for exterior wall coverings. This chapter prescribes the exterior wall cover-ings as well as the water-resistive barrier required beneath the exterior materials. Exterior wall cov-erings regulated by this section include aluminum, stone and masonry veneer, wood, hardboard,particleboard, wood structural panel siding, wood shakes and shingles, exterior plaster, steel, vinyl,fiber cement and exterior insulation finish systems.

Chapter 8 Roof-ceiling Construction. Chapter 8 regulates the design and construction of roof-ceiling systems. This chapter contains two roof-ceiling framing systems: wood framing and cold-formed steel framing. Allowable span tables are provided to simplify the selection of rafter and ceil-ing joist size for wood roof framing and cold-formed steel framing. Chapter 8 also provides require-ments for the application of ceiling finishes, the proper ventilation of concealed spaces in roofs(e.g., enclosed attics and rafter spaces), unvented attic assemblies and attic access.

Chapter 9 Roof Assemblies. Chapter 9 regulates the design and construction of roof assem-blies. A roof assembly includes the roof deck, vapor retarder, substrate or thermal barrier, insula-tion, vapor retarder and roof covering. This chapter provides the requirement for wind resistance ofroof coverings.

The types of roof covering materials and installation regulated by Chapter 9 are: asphalt shingles,clay and concrete tile, metal roof shingles, mineral-surfaced roll roofing, slate and slate-type shin-gles, wood shakes and shingles, built-up roofs, metal roof panels, modified bitumen roofing, ther-moset and thermoplastic single-ply roofing, sprayed polyurethane foam roofing, liquid appliedcoatings and photovoltaic shingles. Chapter 9 also provides requirements for roof drainage, flash-ing, above deck thermal insulation, rooftop-mounted photovoltaic systems and recovering orreplacing an existing roof covering.

Chapter 10 Chimneys and Fireplaces. Chapter 10 contains requirements for the safe con-struction of masonry chimneys and fireplaces and establishes the standards for the use and installa-tion of factory-built chimneys, fireplaces and masonry heaters. Chimneys and fireplaces constructedof masonry rely on prescriptive requirements for the details of their construction; the factory-builttype relies on the listing and labeling method of approval. Chapter 10 provides the requirements forseismic reinforcing and anchorage of masonry fireplaces and chimneys.

Chapter 11 [RE] Energy Efficiency. The purpose of Chapter 11 [RE] is to provide minimumdesign requirements that will promote efficient utilization of energy in buildings. The requirementsare directed toward the design of building envelopes with adequate thermal resistance and low airleakage, and toward the design and selection of mechanical, water heating, electrical and illumina-tion systems that promote effective use of depletable energy resources. The provisions of Chapter11 [RE] are duplicated from the International Energy Conservation Code—Residential Provisions, asapplicable for buildings which fall under the scope of the IRC.

For ease of use and coordination of provisions, the corresponding IECC—Residential Provisionssection number is indicated following the IRC section number [e.g. N1102.1 (R402.1)].

Chapter 12 Mechanical Administration. Chapter 12 establishes the limits of applicability ofthe code and describes how the code is to be applied and enforced. A mechanical code, like anyother code, is intended to be adopted as a legally enforceable document and it cannot be effectivewithout adequate provisions for its administration and enforcement. The provisions of Chapter 12establish the authority and duties of the code official appointed by the jurisdiction having authorityand also establish the rights and privileges of the design professional, contractor and propertyowner. It also relates this chapter to the administrative provisions in Chapter 1.

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Chapter 13 General Mechanical System Requirements. Chapter 13 contains broadly appli-cable requirements related to appliance listing and labeling, appliance location and installation,appliance and systems access, protection of structural elements and clearances to combustibles,among others.

Chapter 14 Heating and Cooling Equipment and Appliances. Chapter 14 is a collection ofrequirements for various heating and cooling appliances, dedicated to single topics by section. Thecommon theme is that all of these types of appliances use energy in one form or another, and theimproper installation of such appliances would present a hazard to the occupants of the dwellings,due to either the potential for fire or the accidental release of refrigerants. Both situations areundesirable in dwellings that are covered by this code.

Chapter 15 Exhaust Systems. Chapter 15 is a compilation of code requirements related to resi-dential exhaust systems, including kitchens and bathrooms, clothes dryers and range hoods. Thecode regulates the materials used for constructing and installing such duct systems. Air brought intothe building for ventilation, combustion or makeup purposes is protected from contamination bythe provisions found in this chapter.

Chapter 16 Duct Systems. Chapter 16 provides requirements for the installation of ducts forsupply, return and exhaust air systems. This chapter contains no information on the design of thesesystems from the standpoint of air movement, but is concerned with the structural integrity of thesystems and the overall impact of the systems on the fire-safety performance of the building. Thischapter regulates the materials and methods of construction which affect the performance of theentire air distribution system.

Chapter 17 Combustion Air. Complete combustion of solid and liquid fuel is essential for theproper operation of appliances, control of harmful emissions and achieving maximum fuel effi-ciency. If insufficient quantities of oxygen are supplied, the combustion process will be incomplete,creating dangerous byproducts and wasting energy in the form of unburned fuel (hydrocarbons).The byproducts of incomplete combustion are poisonous, corrosive and combustible, and can causeserious appliance or equipment malfunctions that pose fire or explosion hazards.

The combustion air provisions in this code from previous editions have been deleted from Chap-ter 17 in favor of a single section that directs the user to NFPA 31 for oil-fired appliance combustionair requirements and the manufacturer's installation instructions for solid fuel-burning appliances. Iffuel gas appliances are used, the provisions of Chapter 24 must be followed.

Chapter 18 Chimneys and Vents. Chapter 18 regulates the design, construction, installation,maintenance, repair and approval of chimneys, vents and their connections to fuel-burning appli-ances. A properly designed chimney or vent system is needed to conduct the flue gases produced bya fuel-burning appliance to the outdoors. The provisions of this chapter are intended to minimizethe hazards associated with high temperatures and potentially toxic and corrosive combustiongases. This chapter addresses factory-built and masonry chimneys, vents and venting systems usedto vent oil-fired and solid fuel-burning appliances.

Chapter 19 Special Appliances, Equipment and Systems. Chapter 19 regulates the installa-tion of fuel-burning appliances that are not covered in other chapters, such as ranges and ovens,sauna heaters, fuel cell power plants and hydrogen systems. Because the subjects in this chapter donot contain the volume of text necessary to warrant individual chapters, they have been combinedinto a single chapter. The only commonality is that the subjects use energy to perform some task orfunction. The intent is to provide a reasonable level of protection for the occupants of the dwelling.

Chapter 20 Boilers and Water Heaters. Chapter 20 regulates the installation of boilers andwater heaters. Its purpose is to protect the occupants of the dwelling from the potential hazardsassociated with such appliances. A water heater is any appliance that heats potable water and sup-plies it to the plumbing hot water distribution system. A boiler either heats water or generatessteam for space heating and is generally a closed system.

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Chapter 21 Hydronic Piping. Hydronic piping includes piping, fittings and valves used in buildingspace conditioning systems. Applications include hot water, chilled water, steam, steam conden-sate, brines and water/antifreeze mixtures. Chapter 21 regulates installation, alteration and repairof all hydronic piping systems to insure the reliability, serviceability, energy efficiency and safety ofsuch systems.

Chapter 22 Special Piping and Storage Systems. Chapter 22 regulates the design and instal-lation of fuel oil storage and piping systems. The regulations include reference to construction stan-dards for above-ground and underground storage tanks, material standards for piping systems(both above-ground and underground) and extensive requirements for the proper assembly of sys-tem piping and components. The purpose of this chapter is to prevent fires, leaks and spills involv-ing fuel oil storage and piping systems, whether inside or outside structures and above orunderground.

Chapter 23 Solar Thermal Energy Systems. Chapter 23 contains requirements for the con-struction, alteration and repair of all systems and components of solar thermal energy systems usedfor space heating or cooling, and domestic hot water heating or processing. The provisions of thischapter are limited to those necessary to achieve installations that are relatively hazard free.

A solar thermal energy system can be designed to handle 100 percent of the energy load of abuilding, although this is rarely accomplished. Because solar energy is a low-intensity energy sourceand dependent on the weather, it is usually necessary to supplement a solar thermal energy systemwith traditional energy sources.

As our world strives to find alternate means of producing power for the future, the requirementsof this chapter will become more and more important over time.

Chapter 24 Fuel Gas. Chapter 24 regulates the design and installation of fuel gas distributionpiping and systems, appliances, appliance venting systems and combustion air provisions. The defi-nition of “Fuel gas” includes natural, liquefied petroleum and manufactured gases and mixtures ofthese gases.

The purpose of this chapter is to establish the minimum acceptable level of safety and to protectlife and property from the potential dangers associated with the storage, distribution and use offuel gases and the byproducts of combustion of such fuels. This code also protects the personnelwho install, maintain, service and replace the systems and appliances addressed herein.

Chapter 24 is composed entirely of text extracted from the IFGC; therefore, whether using theIFGC or the IRC, the fuel gas provisions will be identical. Note that to avoid the potential for confu-sion and conflicting definitions, Chapter 24 has its own definition section.

Chapter 25 Plumbing Administration. The requirements of Chapter 25 do not supersede theadministrative provisions of Chapter 1. Rather, the administrative guidelines of Chapter 25 pertainto plumbing installations that are best referenced and located within the plumbing chapters. Thischapter addresses how to apply the plumbing provisions of this code to specific types or phases ofconstruction. This chapter also outlines the responsibilities of the applicant, installer and inspectorwith regard to testing plumbing installations.

Chapter 26 General Plumbing Requirements. The content of Chapter 26 is often referred toas “miscellaneous,” rather than general plumbing requirements. This is the only chapter of theplumbing chapters of the code whose requirements do not interrelate. If a requirement cannot belocated in another plumbing chapter, it should be located in this chapter. Chapter 26 contains safetyrequirements for the installation of plumbing systems and includes requirements for the identifica-tion of pipe, pipe fittings, traps, fixtures, materials and devices used in plumbing systems. If specificprovisions do not demand that a requirement be located in another chapter, the requirement islocated in this chapter.

Chapter 27 Plumbing Fixtures. Chapter 27 requires fixtures to be of the proper type, approvedfor the purpose intended and installed properly to promote usability and safe, sanitary conditions.This chapter regulates the quality of fixtures and faucets by requiring those items to comply withnationally recognized standards. Because fixtures must be properly installed so that they are usableby the occupants of the building, this chapter contains the requirements for the installation of fix-tures.

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Chapter 28 Water Heaters. Chapter 28 regulates the design, approval and installation of waterheaters and related safety devices. The intent is to minimize the hazards associated with the instal-lation and operation of water heaters. Although this chapter does not regulate the size of a waterheater, it does regulate all other aspects of the water heater installation such as temperature andpressure relief valves, safety drip pans and connections. Where a water heater also supplies waterfor space heating, this chapter regulates the maximum water temperature supplied to the waterdistribution system.

Chapter 29 Water Supply and Distribution. This chapter regulates the supply of potablewater from both public and individual sources to every fixture and outlet so that it remains potableand uncontaminated by cross connections. Chapter 29 also regulates the design of the water distri-bution system, which will allow fixtures to function properly. Because it is critical that the potablewater supply system remain free of actual or potential sanitary hazards, this chapter has therequirements for providing backflow protection devices.

Chapter 30 Sanitary Drainage. The purpose of Chapter 30 is to regulate the materials, designand installation of sanitary drainage piping systems as well as the connections made to the system.The intent is to design and install sanitary drainage systems that will function reliably, are neitherundersized nor oversized and are constructed from materials, fittings and connections whose qual-ity is regulated by this section. This chapter addresses the proper use of fittings for directing theflow into and within the sanitary drain piping system. Materials and provisions necessary for servic-ing the drainage system are also included in this chapter.

Chapter 31 Vents. Venting protects the trap seal of each trap. The vents are designed to limit dif-ferential pressures at each trap to 1 inch of water column (249 Pa). Because waste flow in the drain-age system creates pressure fluctuations that can negatively affect traps, the sanitary drainagesystem must have a properly designed venting system. Chapter 31 covers the requirements forvents and venting. All of the provisions set forth in this chapter are intended to limit the pressuredifferentials in the drainage system to a maximum of 1 inch of water column (249 Pa) above orbelow atmospheric pressure (i.e., positive or negative pressures).

Chapter 32 Traps. Traps prevent sewer gas from escaping from the drainage piping into thebuilding. Water seal traps are the simplest and most reliable means of preventing sewer gas fromentering the interior environment. This chapter lists prohibited trap types as well as specifies theminimum trap size for each type of fixture.

Chapter 33 Storm Drainage. Deleted.

Chapter 34 General Requirements. Deleted. See the North Carolina Electrical Code.

Chapter 35 Electrical Definitions. Deleted. See the North Carolina Electrical Code.

Chapter 36 Services. Deleted. See the North Carolina Electrical Code.

Chapter 37 Branch Circuit and Feeder Requirements. Deleted. See the North Carolina Elec-trical Code.

Chapter 38 Wiring Methods. Deleted. See the North Carolina Electrical Code.

Chapter 39 Power and Lighting Distribution. Deleted. See the North Carolina Electrical Code.

Chapter 40 Devices and Luminaires. Deleted. See the North Carolina Electrical Code.

Chapter 41 Appliance Installation. Deleted. See the North Carolina Electrical Code.

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Chapter 42 Swimming Pools. Deleted. See the North Carolina Electrical Code.

Chapter 43 Class 2 Remote-control, Signaling and Power-limited Circuits. Deleted. Seethe North Carolina Electrical Code.

Chapter 44 Referenced Standards. The code contains numerous references to standards thatare used to regulate materials and methods of construction. Chapter 44 contains a comprehensivelist of all standards that are referenced in the code. The standards are part of the code to the extentof the reference to the standard. Compliance with the referenced standard is necessary for compli-ance with this code. By providing specifically adopted standards, the construction and installationrequirements necessary for compliance with the code can be readily determined. The basis for codecompliance is, therefore, established and available on an equal basis to the code official, contractor,designer and owner.

Chapter 44 is organized in a manner that makes it easy to locate specific standards. It lists all ofthe referenced standards, alphabetically, by acronym of the promulgating agency of the standard.Each agency’s standards are then listed in either alphabetical or numeric order based upon the stan-dard identification. The list also contains the title of the standard; the edition (date) of the standardreferenced; any addenda included as part of the ICC adoption; and the section or sections of thiscode that reference the standard.

Chapter 45 High Wind Zones. This chapter applies to buildings constructed in North Car-olina high wind zones. These provisions shall be in addition to or in lieu of the requirementsof Chapters 1–10.

Chapter 46 Coastal and Flood Plain Standards. The requirements of this chapter applyto all construction location within areas identified by governmental agency (state and fed-eral) as coastal high hazard area, ocean hazard areas, the regulatory flood plain areas, andall areas designated as 150 miles per hour (67 m/s) wind zone.

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LEGISLATION

Deleted. See the North Carolina Administrative Code and Policies.

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Part I—Administrative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

CHAPTER 1 SCOPE ANDADMINISTRATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

PART 1—SCOPE AND APPLICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Section

R101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

R102 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Section

R103 Department of Building Safety (Deleted)See the North Carolina Administrative Codeand Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

R104 Duties and Powers of the Building Official(Deleted) See the North CarolinaAdministrative Code and Policies . . . . . . . . . . . 2

R105 Permits (Deleted) See the North CarolinaAdministrative Code and Policies . . . . . . . . . . . 2

R106 Construction Documents (Deleted) See theNorth Carolina Administrative Codeand Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

R107 Temporary Structures and Uses (Deleted) Seethe North Carolina Administrative Codeand Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

R108 Fees (Deleted) See the North CarolinaAdministrative Code and Policies . . . . . . . . . . . 2

R109 Inspections (Deleted) See the North CarolinaAdministrative Code and Policies . . . . . . . . . . . 2

R110 Certificate of Occupancy (Deleted) See theNorth Carolina Administrative Codeand Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

R111 Service Utilities (Deleted) See the NorthCarolina Administrative Code and Policies. . . . 2

R112 Board of Appeals (Deleted) See the NorthCarolina Administrative Code and Policies. . . . 2

R113 Violations (Deleted) See the North CarolinaAdministrative Code and Policies . . . . . . . . . . . 2

R114 Stop Work Order (Deleted) See the NorthCarolina Administrative Code and Policies. . . . 2

Part II—Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Section

R201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

R202 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Part III—Building Planning and Construction. . . . . . . . 31

CHAPTER 3 BUILDING PLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Section

R301 Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

R302 Fire-resistant Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

R303 Light, Ventilation and Heating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

R304 Minimum Room Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

R305 Ceiling Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

R306 Sanitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

R307 Toilet, Bath and Shower Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

R308 Glazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

R309 Garages and Carports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

R310 Emergency Escape and Rescue Openings . . . . . . 53

R311 Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

R312 Guards and Window Fall Protection . . . . . . . . . . 57

R313 Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

R314 Smoke Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

R315 Carbon Monoxide Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

R316 Foam Plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

R317 Protection of Wood and Wood-basedProducts against Decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

R318 Protection against Subterranean Termites . . . . . . 63

R319 Site Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

R320 Accessibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

R321 Elevators and Platform Lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

R322 Flood-resistant Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

R323 Storm Shelters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

R324 Solar Energy Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

R325 Mezzanines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

R326 Swimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs . . . . . . . . . 68

R327 Docks, Piers, Bulkheads andWaterway Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

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CHAPTER 4 FOUNDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Section

R401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

R402 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

R403 Footings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

R404 Foundation and Retaining Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

R405 Foundation Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

R406 Foundation Waterproofing andDampproofing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

R407 Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

R408 Wall Vented Crawl Spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

R409 Closed Crawl Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

CHAPTER 5 FLOORS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Section

R501 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

R502 Wood Floor Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

R503 Floor Sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

R504 Pressure Preservative-treated-woodFloors (On Ground) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

R505 Cold-formed Steel Floor Framing (Deleted) . . . 108

R506 Concrete Floors (On Ground). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

R507 Exterior Decks (Deleted) See Appendix M.. . . . 108

CHAPTER 6 WALL CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . 109

Section

R601 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

R602 Wood Wall Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

R603 Cold-formed Steel Wall Framing (Deleted) . . . . 147

R604 Wood Structural Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

R605 Particleboard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

R606 General Masonry Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

R607 Glass Unit Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

R608 Exterior Concrete Wall Construction . . . . . . . . . 158

R609 Exterior Windows and Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

R610 Structural Insulated Panel WallConstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

CHAPTER 7 WALL COVERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Section

R701 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

R702 Interior Covering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

R703 Exterior Covering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

CHAPTER 8 ROOF-CEILINGCONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Section

R801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

R802 Wood Roof Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

R803 Roof Sheathing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

R804 Cold-formed Steel Roof Framing (Deleted) . . . 277

R805 Ceiling Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

R806 Roof Ventilation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

R807 Attic Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

CHAPTER 9 ROOF ASSEMBLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Section

R901 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

R902 Fire Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

R903 Weather Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

R904 Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

R905 Requirements for Roof Coverings . . . . . . . . . . . 280

R906 Roof Insulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

R907 Rooftop-mounted Photovoltaic Systems(Deleted). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

R908 Reroofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

R909 Rooftop-mounted PhotovoltaicPanel Systems (Deleted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

CHAPTER 10 CHIMNEYS AND FIREPLACES. . . 293

Section

R1001 Masonry Fireplaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

R1002 Masonry Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

R1003 Masonry Chimneys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

R1004 Factory-built Fireplaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

R1005 Factory-built Chimneys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

R1006 Exterior Air Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Part IV—Energy Conservation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

CHAPTER 11 [RE] ENERGY EFFICIENCY . . . . . . 303

Section

N1101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

N1102 Building Thermal Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

N1103 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

N1104 Electrical Power and Lighting Systems (Mandatory) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

N1105 Simulated Performance Alternative(Performance). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

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N1106 Energy Rating IndexCompliance Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

N1107 Existing Buildings—General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

N1108 Additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

N1109 Alterations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

N1110 Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

N1111 Change of Occupancy or Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Part V—Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

CHAPTER 12 MECHANICALADMINISTRATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Section

M1201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

M1202 Existing Mechanical Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

CHAPTER 13 GENERAL MECHANICAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . 325

Section

M1301 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

M1302 Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

M1303 Labeling of Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

M1304 Type of Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

M1305 Appliance Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

M1306 Clearances from Combustible Construction. . . . 327

M1307 Appliance Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

M1308 Mechanical Systems Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

CHAPTER 14 HEATING AND COOLINGEQUIPMENT AND APPLIANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Section

M1401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

M1402 Central Furnaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

M1403 Heat Pump Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

M1404 Refrigeration Cooling Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 334

M1405 Baseboard Convectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

M1406 Radiant Heating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

M1407 Duct Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

M1408 Vented Floor Furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

M1409 Vented Wall Furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

M1410 Vented Room Heaters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

M1411 Heating and Cooling Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

M1412 Absorption Cooling Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

M1413 Evaporative Cooling Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

M1414 Fireplace Stoves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

M1415 Masonry Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

M1416 Factory-built Fireplaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

CHAPTER 15 EXHAUST SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Section

M1501 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

M1502 Clothes Dryer Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

M1503 Range Hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

M1504 Installation of Microwave Ovens. . . . . . . . . . . . 341

M1505 Overhead Exhaust Hoods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

M1506 Exhaust Ducts and Exhaust Openings . . . . . . . . 341

M1507 Mechanical Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

M1508 Subslab Soil Exhaust Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

CHAPTER 16 DUCT SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Section

M1601 Duct Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

M1602 Return Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

CHAPTER 17 COMBUSTION AIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Section

M1701 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

CHAPTER 18 CHIMNEYS AND VENTS. . . . . . . . . 349

Section

M1801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

M1802 Vent Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

M1803 Chimney and Vent Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

M1804 Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

M1805 Masonry and Factory-built Chimneys . . . . . . . . 352

CHAPTER 19 SPECIAL APPLIANCES,EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS. . . . . 355

Section

M1901 Ranges and Ovens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

M1902 Sauna Heaters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

M1903 Stationary Fuel Cell Power Plants . . . . . . . . . . . 355

M1904 Gaseous Hydrogen Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

CHAPTER 20 BOILERS ANDWATER HEATERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Section

M2001 Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

M2002 Operating and Safety Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

M2003 Expansion Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

M2004 Water Heaters Used for Space Heating . . . . . . . 358

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M2005 Water Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

M2006 Pool Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

CHAPTER 21 HYDRONIC PIPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Section

M2101 Hydronic Piping Systems Installation . . . . . . . . 359

M2102 Joints and Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

M2103 Floor Heating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

M2104 Low Temperature Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

M2105 Ground-Source Heat-Pump SystemLoop Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

M2106 Baseboard Convectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

CHAPTER 22 FUEL OIL SPECIAL PIPINGAND STORAGE SYSTEMS . . . . . . . 367

Section

M2201 Oil Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

M2202 Oil Piping, Fitting and Connections . . . . . . . . . . 367

M2203 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

M2204 Oil Pumps and Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

M2205 Oil Gauging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

CHAPTER 23 SOLAR THERMALENERGY SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Section

M2301 Thermal Solar Energy Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Part VI—Fuel Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

CHAPTER 24 FUEL GAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Section

G2401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

G2402 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

G2403 General Definitions (Deleted) See Chapter 2 . . . 373

G2404 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

G2405 Structural Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

G2406 Appliance Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

G2407 Combustion, Ventilation and Dilution Air . . . . . 376

G2408 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

G2409 Clearance Reduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

G2410 Electrical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

G2411 Electrical Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

G2412 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

G2413 Pipe Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

G2414 Piping Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

G2415 Piping System Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

G2416 Piping Bends and Changes in Direction . . . . . . 413

G2417 Inspection, Testing and Purging. . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

G2418 Piping Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

G2419 Drips and Sloped Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

G2420 Shutoff Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

G2421 Flow Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

G2422 Appliance Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

G2423 Compressed Natural Gas MotorVehicle Fuel-dispensing Facilities . . . . . . . . . 420

G2424 Piping Support Intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

G2425 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

G2426 Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

G2427 Venting of Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

G2428 Sizing of Category I ApplianceVenting Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

G2429 Direct-vent, Integral Vent, Mechanical Ventand Ventilation/Exhaust Hood Venting . . . . . 435

G2430 Factory-built Chimneys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

G2431 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

G2432 Decorative Appliances for Installationin Fireplaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

G2433 Log Lighters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

G2434 Vented Gas Fireplaces(Decorative Appliances) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

G2435 Vented Gas Fireplace Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

G2436 Vented Wall Furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

G2437 Floor Furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

G2438 Clothes Dryers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

G2439 Clothes Dryer Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

G2440 Sauna Heaters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

G2441 Pool and Spa Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

G2442 Forced-air Warm-air Furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

G2443 Conversion Burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

G2444 Unit Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

G2445 Unvented Room Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

G2446 Vented Room Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

G2447 Cooking Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

G2448 Water Heaters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

G2449 Air-Conditioning Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

G2450 Illuminating Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

G2451 Infrared Radiant Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

G2452 Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

G2453 Chimney Damper Opening Area (Deleted) . . . . 450

G2454 Outdoor Decorative Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

G2455 Engine And Gas Turbine-powered equipment . . 450

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Part VII—Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

CHAPTER 25 PLUMBINGADMINISTRATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

Section

P2501 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

P2502 Existing Plumbing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

P2503 Inspection and Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

P2504 Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

P2505 Temporary Equipment, Systems and Uses. . . . . 454

CHAPTER 26 GENERAL PLUMBINGREQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Section

P2601 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

P2602 Individual Water Supply andSewage Disposal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

P2603 Structural and Piping Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

P2604 Trenching and Backfilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

P2605 Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

P2606 Penetrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

P2607 Waterproofing of Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

P2608 Workmanship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

P2609 Materials Evaluation and Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

CHAPTER 27 PLUMBING FIXTURES . . . . . . . . . . 459

Section

P2701 Fixtures, Faucets and Fixture Fittings . . . . . . . . 459

P2702 Fixture Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

P2703 Tail Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

P2704 Access to Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

P2705 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

P2706 Waste Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

P2707 Directional Fittings (Deleted). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

P2708 Showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

P2709 Shower Receptors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

P2710 Shower Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

P2711 Lavatories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

P2712 Water Closets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

P2713 Bathtubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

P2714 Sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

P2715 Laundry Tubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

P2716 Food-Waste Disposer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

P2717 Dishwashing Machines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

P2718 Clothes Washing Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

P2719 Floor Drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

P2720 Whirlpool Bathtubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

P2721 Bidet Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

P2722 Fixture Fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

P2723 Macerating Toilet Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

P2724 Speciality Temperature Control Devicesand Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

P2725 Nonliquid Saturated Treatment Systems . . . . . . 465

CHAPTER 28 WATER HEATERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Section

P2801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

P2802 Solar Water Heating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

P2803 Water Heaters Used for Space Heating . . . . . . . 468

P2804 Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

P2805 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

P2806 Safety Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

P2807 Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

CHAPTER 29 WATER SUPPLY ANDDISTRIBUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

Section

P2901 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

P2902 Protection of Potable Water Supply. . . . . . . . . . 472

P2903 Water Supply System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

P2904 Dwelling Unit Fire Sprinkler Systems. . . . . . . . 479

P2905 Heated Water Distribution Systems. . . . . . . . . . 490

P2906 Materials, Joints and Connections . . . . . . . . . . . 490

P2907 Changes in Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

P2908 Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

P2909 Drinking Water Treatment Units . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

P2910 Nonpotable Water Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

P2911 On-site Nonpotable Water Reuse Systems . . . . 497

P2912 Nonpotable Rainwater Collectionand Distribution Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

P2913 Reclaimed Water Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

CHAPTER 30 SANITARY DRAINAGE. . . . . . . . . . 503

Section

P3001 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

P3002 Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

P3003 Joints and Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

P3004 Determining Drainage Fixture Units . . . . . . . . . 507

P3005 Drainage System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

P3006 Sizing of Drain Pipe Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

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P3007 Sumps and Ejectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

P3008 Backwater Valves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

P3009 Subsurface Landscape Irrigation Systems(Deleted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

P3010 Replacement of Underground Sewersby Pipe Bursting Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

CHAPTER 31 VENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

Section

P3101 Vent Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

P3102 Vent Stacks and Stack Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

P3103 Vent Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

P3104 Vent Connections and Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

P3105 Fixture Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

P3106 Individual Vent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

P3107 Common Vent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

P3108 Wet Venting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

P3109 Waste Stack Vent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

P3110 Circuit Venting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

P3111 Combination Waste and VentSystem (Deleted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

P3112 Island Fixture Venting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

P3113 Vent Pipe Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

P3114 Air Admittance Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

CHAPTER 32 TRAPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

Section

P3201 Fixture Traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

CHAPTER 33 STORM DRAINAGE (Deleted) . . . . . 523

Part VIII—Electrical (Deleted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525

CHAPTER 34 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS(Deleted) See the North CarolinaElectrical Code.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525

CHAPTER 35 ELECTRICAL DEFINITIONS(Deleted) See the North CarolinaElectrical Code.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527

CHAPTER 36 SERVICES (Deleted) See theNorth Carolina Electrical Code. . . . . . 529

CHAPTER 37 BRANCH CIRCUIT ANDFEEDER REQUIREMENTS(Deleted) See the North CarolinaElectrical Code.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

CHAPTER 38 WIRING METHODS(Deleted) See the North CarolinaElectrical Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

CHAPTER 39 POWER AND LIGHTINGDISTRIBUTION (Deleted) See theNorth Carolina Electrical Code. . . . . . 535

CHAPTER 40 DEVICES AND LUMINAIRES(Deleted) See the North CarolinaElectrical Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

CHAPTER 41 APPLIANCE INSTALLATION(Deleted) See the North CarolinaElectrical Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

CHAPTER 42 SWIMMING POOLS(Deleted) See the North CarolinaElectrical Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541

CHAPTER 43 CLASS 2 REMOTE-CONTROL,SIGNALING AND POWER-LIMITED CIRCUITS (Deleted) See the North CarolinaElectrical Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

Part IX—Referenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

CHAPTER 44 REFERENCED STANDARDS . . . . . 545

CHAPTER 45 HIGH WIND ZONES. . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

Section

R4501 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

R4502 Design Pressure for Doors and Windows . . . . . 571

R4503 Footings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

R4504 Wall And Foundation Anchorage . . . . . . . . . . . 572

R4505 Wall Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573

R4506 Structural Bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573

R4507 Masonry Wall Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575

R4508 Roof Tie Down. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576

CHAPTER 46 COASTAL AND FLOOD PLAINCONSTRUCTION STANDARDS . . 597

Section

R4601 Purpose, Application and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

R4602 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

R4603 Piling Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598

R4604 Elevation Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598

R4605 Construction Materials and MethodsStandards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

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APPENDIX A SIZING AND CAPACITIESOF GAS PIPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

APPENDIX B SIZING OF VENTING SYSTEMSSERVING APPLIANCES EQUIPPEDWITH DRAFT HOODS, CATEGORY IAPPLIANCES, AND APPLIANCESLISTED FOR USE WITH TYPE BVENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

APPENDIX C EXIT TERMINALS OF MECHANICAL DRAFT ANDDIRECT-VENT VENTING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623

APPENDIX D RECOMMENDED PROCEDUREFOR SAFETY INSPECTION OFAN EXISTING APPLIANCEINSTALLATION (Deleted) . . . . . . . . 625

APPENDIX E (E-1 THROUGH E-4)RESIDENTIAL REQUIREMENTSFOR ENERGY CONSERVATION. . 627

Section

E-1 Energy Efficiency Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

E-2 Insulation and Air Sealing Details . . . . . . . . . . . 628

E-3 Sample Worksheets For ResidentialAir And Duct Leakage Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . 641

E-4 Additional Voluntary Criteria ForIncreasing Energy Efficiency(High Efficiency Residential Option). . . . . . . 645

APPENDIX F RADON CONTROL METHODS(Deleted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

APPENDIX G PIPING STANDARDS FORVARIOUS APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . 653

Section

AG101 Plastic Piping Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

AG102 Referenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

APPENDIX H PATIO COVERS (Deleted) . . . . . . . . 657

APPENDIX I PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL(Deleted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

APPENDIX J EXISTING BUILDINGSAND STRUCTURES (Deleted)See the North Carolina ExistingBuilding Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

APPENDIX K SOUND TRANSMISSION. . . . . . . . . 663

Section

AK101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

AK102 Air-borne Sound. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

AK103 Structural-borne Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

AK104 Referenced Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

APPENDIX L PERMIT FEES (Deleted) . . . . . . . . . . 665

APPENDIX M WOOD DECKS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

Section

AM101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

AM102 Footings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

AM103 Flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668

AM104 Deck Attachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668

AM105 Girder Support and Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668

AM106 Joist Spans and Cantilevers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670

AM107 Floor Decking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673

AM108 Post Height. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673

AM109 Deck Bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673

AM110 Stairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674

AM111 Handrails, Guards and General . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675

AM112 Walkways in Ocean Hazard Areas. . . . . . . . . . . 676

APPENDIX N VENTING METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . 677

APPENDIX O FOAM PLASTIC DIAGRAMS. . . . . 683

APPENDIX P SIZING OF WATERPIPING SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689

Section

AP101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689

AP102 Information Required. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689

AP103 Selection of Pipe Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689

AP201 Selection of Pipe Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706

APPENDIX Q DISCONTINUOUS FOOTINGS. . . . 709

APPENDIX R LIGHT STRAW-CLAYCONSTRUCTION (Deleted) . . . . . . . 711

APPENDIX S STRAWBALE CONSTRUCTION(Deleted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713

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APPENDIX T RECOMMENDED PROCEDUREFOR WORST-CASE TESTINGOF ATMOSPHERIC VENTINGSYSTEMS UNDER N1102.4 ORN1105 CONDITIONS ≤ 5ACH50(Deleted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

APPENDIX U SOLAR-READY PROVISIONS—DETACHED ONE- ANDTWO-FAMILY DWELLINGS,MULTIPLE SINGLE-FAMILYDWELLINGS (TOWNHOUSES)(Deleted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717

APPENDIX V SWIMMING POOLS, SPASAND HOT TUBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

Section

AV101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

AV102 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

AV103 Swimming Pools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

AV104 Spas and Hot Tubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

AV105 Barrier Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

AV106 Entrapment Protection for SwimmingPool and Spa Suction Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721

AV107 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721

AV108 Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721

APPENDIX W BASIC LOAD ESTIMATING . . . . . . 723

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729