North Carolina 2005 Recycling Legislation

The Day After….

Focus on Two Main Bills H1465 – banning the disposal of

materials effective October 2009: Plastic bottles Wooden Pallets Oil Filters Oyster shells

H1518 – requiring certain ABC permit-holders to recycle beverage containers by January 2008.

Information for Local Governments and Private Sector (generators)

Websites: http://www.p2pays.org/localgov/ http://www.p2pays.org/BannedMaterials/ABCcontainer/ http://www.p2pays.org/BannedMaterials/OilFilters/ http://www.p2pays.org/BannedMaterials/WoodenPallets/ http://www.ncfisheries.net/shellfish/recycle1.htm http://www.allplasticbottles.org/

Don’t forget grant opportunities!

Some key aspects of H1465 No requirement for local governments

to start recycling programs for materials Escape clause: A county or city may petition

the Department for a waiver from the prohibition on disposal of a material described in subdivisions (9), (10), (11) and (12) of subsection (f) of this section in a landfill based on a showing that prohibiting the disposal of the material would constitute an economic hardship.“

Pallets not banned from C&D landfills

Oyster Shells U.S. Harvest 130,000 tons

Exact tonnage disposed in NC is unknown, but very small

NC Harvest trends 1902 – 1.8 million bushels 1988 – 138,000 bushels Current – 40,000 bushels

Decrease primarily caused by disease

Why Ban Oyster Shells? Shells have multiple uses

Driveway or trail bedding Decorative ground or whole mulch #1 – Can be used to help grow more

oysters

Oyster to Oyster Recycling

Shells are used as “cultch” or bedding to create reefs

Cultch from oyster shells is a preferred substrate for new oysters

Oyster reefs also attract other marine organisms

Oysters are an economic resource Building reefs helps support/expand the

fishery They are also an environmental resource

Filter feeders

Division of Marine Fisheries Plants about 250,000 bushels of cultch

per year. Operates an oyster shell recycling

program using drop-off sites and stock piles.

Sites are listed in 11 eastern counties www.ncfisheries.net Some located at county or private solid waste

facilities

DMF Recycling Program Collect from drop-off sites in 11

eastern counties Shells are moved to stockpiles Most recycling occurs in winter System is at capacity Need volunteers and consolidation

points

DMF Fisheries Contact Craig Hardy

North Carolina Oyster Shell Recycling ProgramP.O. Box 769Morehead City, NC 28557800-682-2632 or252-726-7021craig.hardy@ncmail.net

Oil Filter Ban NC Oil Filter Generation

14.3 million filters 7,150 tons (at 1 lb. Per filter) 2 to 8 ounces of oil in each filter

Filter recycling rate 30 % 4,290,000 filters

Disposal 10,010,000 filters Oil entering MSW facilities 156,000 to

625,000 gallons

Recycling Oil Filters Straightforward Process

Infrastructure is in place• Oil collection contractor• Filter contractor

Collection is similar to other special wastes Filter recycling is a cost market 17 local government already have programs

Local govt not required to serve private sector

Oil Filter Recycling (cont) Process similar for public and private

sector 55-gallon collection barrels Barrels hold 250 to 400 filters Collection cost - $40 to $85 per barrel Avg. program recovers 1 filter for every

2 to 3 gallons of oil recovered from residential sources

Oil Filter Recycling Containers

Private Sector Recycling Many garages or “lube shops” already

recovery filters or collect filters separate from regular waste

Auto part stores may add filter programs to augment oil, LAB and other recycling programs

Collection process and markets basically the same as for government programs

Wooden Pallets – Reasons for the Ban As much as 250,000 to 300,000 tons disposed

each year Over 600,000 tons already recycled annually. Large number of pallet recyclers in state,

employing over 1,000 people. Unused capacity in pallet recycling industry. Many uses wooden pallets – reuse, recycling,

mulch, fuel, value-added products. Alternative management techniques and

products available to generators.

Wooden Pallets – Options for Local Governments

Passive Technical Assistance Active Technical Assistance Pallet Recycling Program Combinations of all three

Wooden Pallets – Local Govt Recycling Option Assess incoming stream of pallets. Evaluate your current services, resources, and

infrastructure. Determine best potential markets/uses of

wood pallets: Investigate collaboration with pallet recycler. Grind for mulch and compost (with or separate from

yard wastes) – in-house or contract grinder? Use as boiler fuel or landfill cover.

Set up collection/drop-off program according to needs/markets.

Consider differential fees to encourage separation.

Wooden Pallets – Local Case Study Examples Duplin County

began collection in 2005 using single 40 yard container

Materials taken to Parker Bark for manufacturing colorized mulch

Macon County Recycling pallets since 1998, using differential

tipping fees to encourage separation Pallets ground with yard waste for mulch but

boiler fuel market pending.

Local Government CollectionsCatawba County

Duplin County

Pitt County

Wooden Pallets – Options for Private Generators

All generators should start with good information: What kind of pallets are being received/used How much of each kind Who are the sources Full costs of pallet handling and discarding

Generators can then assess best options.

Options for Private Generators Source Reduction:

Take-backs by suppliers or eliminating pallet receipts

Switching to alternatives: Slip sheets, reusable containers, totes, rolling carts, etc.

Use of alternative material pallets (e.g., plastic or corrugated)

Reuse/Recycling Use one of the many NC recycling companies Use third party pallet management companies Exchanges, giveaways, also possible Use local government program

Other Key Points for Private Pallet Generators Standardization and use of GMA

pallets will help reusability and recyclability

Important to take advantage or cost avoidance, including: Reduced waste container size Changes in hauling container type Reduced hauling schedule

                   

Presswood pallet

Rackable 40X 48 Plastic Pallet

Nestable 40 x 48 plastic pallet Corrugated pallet

Chep 48 x 40 Pallet

Use of Slip Sheets

Plastic bottles H1465 bans disposal of: Recyclable rigid

plastic containers that are required to be labeled as provided in subsection (e) of this section, that have a neck smaller than the body of the container, and that accept a screw top, snap cap, or other closure. The prohibition on disposal of recyclable rigid plastic containers in landfills does not apply to rigid plastic containers that are intended for use in the sale or distribution of motor oil.

Plastic bottles in local programs Ban is an opportunity to evaluate plastic bottle

collection efforts: What does your program collect (soda

bottles and milk jugs, 1’s and 2’s, all bottles)?

How does your program collect bottles – separation versus commingling, and from whom?

How is the public educated about plastic bottles?

Markets for PET and HDPE are EXCELLENT! Many of the nation’s leading processors and

largest recyclers are in the Carolinas.

Why Consider All Plastic Bottles?Because 96 % of all plastic bottles are PET and HDPE!

PET54%

HDPE42%

Other4%

Markets for Plastic BottlesMarkets for Plastic Bottles

PET & HDPE Baled Bottles Pricing (picked up)

• PET - $260-320 per ton

• HDPE Natural - $780-820 per ton

• HDPE Pigment - $580-640 per ton

Source: www.WasteNews.com/smp – March 16, 2006

Plastic bottles (cont’d) DPPEA Recommendation: Modernize your

program by going to “all 1’s and 2’s” or “all bottles.” Simplifies education and public understanding Increases diversion and capture rates Fits well with commingling – single or dual stream

Downsides are manageable Increase of collected materials and less

contamination will outweigh out-throws Less revenue will be balanced by greater

collection efficiency and higher volumes.

Plastic bottles, cont’d Help available:

DPPEA technical assistance and grants. Peer communities who have implemented all

bottles – e.g., Orange, Iredell, and Perquimans/Chowan/Gates counties.

Markets and MRFs should support program changes.

American Plastics Council is a good source of information and assistance: allplasticbottles.org

APC/Resource Recycling APC/Resource Recycling Survey ResultsSurvey Results

Recommend “All Plastic Bottles” to their Peers?

Over 75% would switch to “all bottles” again Over 80% would recommend “all bottles” to peers Peer list available on www.allplasticbottles.org

Source: Resource Recycling, January 2003

For More InformationFor More Information

American Plastics Council

www.plastics.orgwww.plasticsresource.comwww.allplasticbottles.org

ABC Permit Recycling HB 1518 (SL 2005-348)

Requires certain ABC permit holders to recycle beverage containers• On-site malt beverage • On-site fortified and unfortified wine• Mixed beverage

Also bans disposal of beverage containers from these establishments

Effective January 1, 2008

Scope of HB 1518 No specific requirements for local gov’t

Enforcement Services

More than 8,000 affected permit holders Governed by 150+ local ABC boards Most establishments in urban areas Searchable database – www.ncabc.com

Local Government OptionsApproach Do Nothing (“Free Market”) Provide technical assistance Passive Collection Active Collection

Players Permit Holders (business owners & property

managers) Service Providers (recycling collection

companies) Local ABC Board of ABC Commission

Do Nothing scenario Let businesses contract on their own with

private haulers Examples ‘Downtown’

- Asheville/Curbside Management- Fayetteville/Bryant’s Recycling- Durham/Shimar & Orange

Brightleaf Square, recycling since 1995

Your burden Help identify and choose service providers Conduct waste assessments Assist with designing the collection programResources Markets Directory (DMRM) DPPEA Guide for Permit Holders + fact sheetsTactics Mailing information, resources, newsletters Post information online Organize business recycling seminars

Technical Assistance route

Technical Assistance example Angus Barn, recycling since 1990 Contacted Wake County Recycling and Solid

Waste Department Contacted DPPEA Conducted waste assessment Added composting Streamlined waste reduction program Glass bottles, aluminum cans, grease and meat

by-products, edible foods, food scraps, corrugated containers, office paper, high density polyethylene buckets, magazines

OptionsContinue to Allow Access, Promote, or Restrict

Logistics Feasible for rural areas with sparse restaurant

and bar establishments May be effective if site is added specifically for

businesses in highly concentrated area of establishments

Likely only be utilized by smaller establishments

Potential to significantly increase containers at drop-off sites, particularly glass

Passive CollectionAKA Drop-Off System Access

Incorporate into a county run collection program OR add onto service contract agreement you already have

Provide roll carts or dumpster service Tax subsidized or fee based service Voluntary or Required? Benefits: efficient and effective means to

contract business recycling, high participation rates, more reasonable cost for businesses

Challenges: costly for county, requires more labor

Active Collection

Orange County 100 businesses since 1992 Separate materials in roll carts by glass (source

separated brown, green, clear), cans, plastic, and newspaper

2005 recycled 646 tons; estimated paper 100 tons, 548 cans and bottles, 16 tons plastics

Pasquotank County Commercial/business recycling since 1995 96 gall and 105 gallon roll out carts Dual stream – fiber and containers Fully funded through tax base

Ahead of the CurveActive Collection

Pasquotank County Commercial Recycling Program

Glass breakage Source separation vs commingled Space constrictions behind the bar and by the

dumpster Maneuvering trucks in tight downtown spaces Cost Viable markets Enforcement

Common Barriers

Trying to avoid “I DON’T KNOW” Focus on strengths of your community

- Strong private sector recycling infrastructure = focus on haulers providing service

- Have a local government processing facility? Consider providing direct service

Recycling markets are improving across the state – Don’t miss out on opportunities!

Conclusion

What Businesses Are Affected By The New Legislation?

Certain Businesses That Hold Alcohol Beverage Control Permits Must Separate, Store All Recyclable Beverage Containers.

Only holders of on-premises malt beverage, on-premises unfortified wine, on-premises fortified wine and mixed beverages permits are affected by the bill.

Recycling is only required for those containers that are sold at retail for on-premises consumption.

Which Containers Will You Be Required To Recycle?

• Glass Beverage Bottles

• Aluminum Cans

• Plastic Bottles

Step 1.

Locate A Market For The Containers

Generated By Your Establishment

Markets May Include:

•Some Waste Haulers

•Recycling Services Companies

•Some Local Governments

Finding The Right Market:

•Check With Your Waste Hauler

•Call A Recycling Service

•Check With Your Local Government

Checking Your ResourcesYou Can Find Local Government Contacts At This Website:

http://www.p2pays.org/localgov/PAYT/ncwaste.asp

You Can Find Recycling Services At This Website:

http://www.p2pays/DMRM/start.aspx

Step 2.

Arranging For Handling

• Self Haul?

• Inside Collection?

• Outside Collection?

• Which Contractor?

• Which Containers?

Container Vendors

Toter, Inc. 800-772-0071

Busch Systems 800-565-9931

Recycling Products 800-875-1735

Mid-Point Intl 888-646-4246

Rubbermaid 800-347-9800

Rehrig Pacific 800-421-6244

Otto 800-227-5885

Zarn 501-951-2045

Amick Equipment 800-922-3795

Ultra-Cart 800-899-7856

IPL Plastics 800-818-1318

Step 3. Employee Training

Should Include:• Top-Down Commitment

• Designating Leaders

• Designating A Recycling Team

• Conducting Basic Training

• Providing Written Information and Good Signage

• Rewarding Good Behavior!

Program Cost Evaluation

Some Costs Include:•Purchase or rental of internal or external

containers

•Ongoing collection charges by haulers or recycling companies

•Costs of transporting materials to a local drop-off center

•Signage and other informational materials

Recycling Can Be

Cost Effective!•In many instances, businesses that recycle can reduce the number of waste containers they buy or rent and they can reduce the number of waste container “pulls” required, thus saving money.

Key Strategies

•Make a thorough search for recycling services.

•Ask your hauler or recycling company to provide containers as part of their service to avoid having to

purchase them.

•Use opportunities to commingle materials (as allowed by your service provider or local drop-off) to decrease

the number of bins you will need.

•Explore the idea of sharing revenues from the sale of recyclables by your service provider.

•You may be able to save money by recycling more materials.