Normas Texaco GEMS K-9D5 Temperature Measurement

DEC 97 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT GEMS K-9D5

PAGE 1 OF 19©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGE

1. SCOPE .............................................................. 3

2. REFERENCES ......................................................... 3

2.1 Purchaser Specifications ..................................... 32.2 Purchaser Drawings ........................................... 32.3 Industry Codes and Standards ................................. 4

3. GENERAL ............................................................ 4

4. THERMOWELLS FOR TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS ............................ 4

4.1 General ...................................................... 44.2 Thermowells for Multi-length Thermocouples in Reactors ....... 54.3 Dial Thermometer Thermowells ................................. 54.4 Test Thermometer Thermowells ................................. 54.5 Thermowells for Filled Systems ............................... 54.6 Thermocouple Thermowells in Towers and Large Lines ........... 64.7 Thermocouple Thermowells for Fired Heater Walls, Ducts,

and Stacks ................................................... 64.8 Thermocouple Thermowells for Fired Heater Tube Fittings ...... 64.9 Materials and Construction ................................... 64.10 Installation ................................................. 6

5. TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS ........................................... 7

5.1 Design ....................................................... 75.2 Materials and Construction ................................... 75.3 Installation ................................................. 7

6. ACCESSIBILITY OF TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS ........................... 7

7. THERMOCOUPLES AND HEADS ............................................ 7

7.1 Use of Thermocouples ......................................... 77.2 Mineral Insulated Sheath Type Thermocouples .................. 77.3 Skin Temperature ............................................. 87.4 Thermocouple Heads ........................................... 87.5 Thermocouples for Furnace Temperatures ....................... 87.6 Ranges and Types of Thermocouples ............................ 87.7 Checks and Test of Thermocouples ............................. 87.8 Materials and Construction ................................... 87.9 Installation ................................................. 10

8. RTDS ............................................................... 10

8.1 General ...................................................... 108.2 RTD Heads .................................................... 108.3 Design ....................................................... 108.4 Materials and Construction ................................... 118.5 Installation ................................................. 11



9. TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS FOR FILLED SYSTEMS ......................... 11

9.1 Pneumatic Temperature Transmitters for Filled Systems ........ 119.2 Self-actuated Temperature Control Valve ...................... 119.3 Materials and Construction ................................... 129.4 Installation ................................................. 12

10. DIAL THERMOMETERS .................................................. 12

10.1 Dial Thermometers - Application .............................. 1210.2 Ranges ....................................................... 1310.3 Dial Thermometer Stem Lengths ................................ 1310.4 Materials and Construction ................................... 1310.5 Installation ................................................. 14

TABLES

1 Wells for Piping2 Wells for Vessels3 Wells for Tanks and Fired Heaters4 Well and Nozzle Drawing Schedule5 Lead Wire Materials and Temperature Limits for Thermocouples



1. SCOPE

This specification together with GEMS K-901M, K-902M, K-903M, and K-904Mdefines minimum technical requirements for selection, materials,construction, manufacture, and installation of thermowells,thermocouples, thermocouple heads, dial thermometers, and resistancetemperature detectors (RTDs).

2. REFERENCES

2.1 Purchaser Specifications

This specification contains references to the following Purchaserspecifications:

1. GEMSGC, “General Conditions - General Equipment and MaterialSpecifications”.

2. GEMS F-1M, “Pressure Vessels - Carbon Steel and Alloy - MaterialPurchase”.

3. GEMS J-1D, “Piping - Design”.

4. GEMS J-2D, “Selection and Limitation of Piping Materials”.

5. GEMS K-1D, “Instruments and Control Equipment”.

6. GEMS K-6D, “Flow Measurement”.

7. GEMS K-901M, “Thermowells”.

8. GEMS K-902M, “Thermocouples and Heads”.

9. GEMS K-903M, “Dial Thermometers”.

10. GEMS K-904M, “Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs)”.

2.2 Purchaser Drawings

This specification contains references to the following Purchaserdrawings:

1. 9S-8188, “Flanged Wells for Thermocouples, Bi-metallicThermometers, and Filled System Bulbs for Class 1500 and LowerNozzles”.

2. 9S-8189, “NPS 1-1/2 Flanged Wells for Thermocouples, Bi-metallicThermometers, and Filled Systems Bulbs in Line”.

3. 9S-8190, “NPS 1 Flanged Wells for Thermocouples, Filled SystemBulbs, Bi-metallic, and Test Thermometers”.

4. 9S-8191, “NPS 1 Threaded Thermowells”.

5. 9S-8192, “Assembly and Application of Nozzles and Wells in FurnacesUsing Standard Thermocouples”.

6. 9S-8193, “NPS 1 Threaded Wells for Use with Thermocouples, Bi-metallic, and Test Thermometers”.

7. 9S-8194, “Assembly and Application of Dial Thermometers and Wellsin Storage Tanks”.

8. 9S-8195, “Assembly and Application of Vessel Nozzles and Wells forThermocouples and Filled System Bulbs”.

9. 9S-8198, “Flanged Wells for Thermocouples, Bi-metallicThermometers, and Filled System Bulbs for Class 2500 Nozzles”.



10. 9S-8240, “Retractable Type Thermocouple Packing Gland Detail”.

11. 9S-9193, “Reactor Thermocouple Assembly for Use in 4 Inch I.D.Horizontal Nozzle”.

12. 11S-2334, “Standard Electrical Connections to Sheathed TypeThermocouple”.

13. 11S-2346, “Permanent Installation of Sheathed or ProtectedThermocouples in Outside Vessel Walls for Skin TemperatureService”.

14. 11S-2373, “Typical Installation of Tube Skin TemperatureThermocouples”.

15. 11S-2416, “Magnesium Oxide (Mineral Insulated) Sheathed TypeThermocouples”.

2.3 Industry Codes and Standards

This specification contains references to the following industry codesand standards:

2. 3 .1 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

MC96.1, “Temperature Measurement Thermocouples”.

2. 3 .2 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

A 276, “Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Bars and Shapes”.

3. GENERAL

General conditions shall comply with GEMSGC.

4. THERMOWELLS FOR TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS

4.1 General

1. Type of thermowell to be used with known type of temperatureinstrument shall comply with Tables 1-4 and piping material servicespecifications (PMSS).

2. Wells in sulfur or sulfur containing services shall be taperedthermowells instead of straight side thermowells.

3. Licenser specific thermowell design requirements shall comply withlicenser specifications.

4. Thermowells in piping shall be located such that excessivetemperature and/or transport time lag shall not occur betweenlocation of thermowell and point in process for which temperatureis of interest, keeping in mind accessibility for maintenance.

5. Thermowells that measure combined temperature of two or morestreams, such as outlet of a multipass heater, shall be located atleast 10 pipe diameters downstream of nearest junction of passoutlets. TI or TR point used to check TIC point shall be no morethan 1 foot from TIC point.

6. Thermowells shall not be installed in upstream and downstreamstraight runs of flow elements. Straight runs shall comply withGEMS K-6D.

7. Thermowell designs that deviate from Purchaser standard drawingsshall be subject to Purchaser approval.



4.2 Thermowells for Multi-length Thermocouples in Reactors

1. If thermocouples are required at different elevations in reactorbed, a single thermowell assembly installed in a vertical positionthrough a nozzle (larger than used with standard thermowells) intop of vessel shall be considered.

2. Thermowell assembly shall be designed to permit necessary numberand length of thermocouples to be inserted.

3. If approved by Purchaser, manufacturer's thermocouple andthermowell assemblies specifically designed for use in reactors maybe considered.

4. Thermocouples in reactor beds in horizontal nozzles with more thanone thermocouple at each elevation shall be installed in accordancewith Drawing 9S-9193.

4.3 Dial Thermometer Thermowells

Dial thermometers (excluding those installed in ducts for airconditioning or similar services) shall have thermowells.

4.4 Test Thermometer Thermowells

1. Locations that require only occasional temperature measurements tocheck equipment (i.e., continuous measurement is not required)shall have test thermometer thermowells.

2. Test thermowells are typically installed in the following services:

a. Single heat exchangers.

(1) Process streams - inlet and outlet.

(2) Heating medium - inlet and outlet.

(3) Cooling water - outlet only.

b. Heat exchangers in series.

(1) Process streams - initial inlet and final outlet.

(2) Heating medium - initial inlet and final outlet.

(3) Cooling water - final outlet.

c. Parallel banks of heat exchangers.

(1) Process streams - combined inlet to all banks - finaloutlet of each bank.

(2) Heating medium - combined inlet to all banks - finaloutlet of each bank.

(3) Cooling water - final outlet of each bank and combinedoutlet.

d. Utility streams, such as steam and cooling water to a unit.

e. Vapor lines of steam strippers.

4.5 Thermowells for Filled Systems

1. Filled temperature systems shall be subject to Purchaser approval.

2. Thermowells of suitable design for filled systems shall comply withSection 9.1.

3. Thermowell length shall be such that active portion of bulb iscompletely immersed in line or vessel.



4. Thermowells shall be flanged except if self-actuated filled systemcontrol valves or other filled systems not adaptable to standardwells are used. In such cases, thermowell shall be manufacturer'sstandard.

4.6 Thermocouple Thermowells in Towers and Large Lines

1. Services that require thermocouples shall have thermowells.

2. Standard thermowells shall comply with Drawing 9S-8188.

3. Immersion length shall as a minimum be 10 times diameter of tip ofthermowell.

4. Additional support for increased lengths used in towers shallcomply with Drawing 9S-8195.

4.7 Thermocouple Thermowells for Fired Heater Walls, Ducts, and Stacks

1. The following points in furnaces shall have thermowells:

a. Four separate points around circumference of fire box.

b. Flue gas at inlet and outlet of economizer section.

c. Stack.

d. Bridge wall or arch.

2. Immersion length of fired heater thermowells in fire boxes shall besuch that end of thermowell shall not be shielded from flame bytubes, bricks, etc., inside heater.

4.8 Thermocouple Thermowells for Fired Heater Tube Fittings

Thermocouple thermowells in welded tube fittings shall comply withDrawing 9S-8188 or 9S-8198.

4.9 Materials and Construction

4. 9 .1 General

Thermowells shall be constructed in accordance with Drawing9S-8188, 9S-8189, 9S-8190, 9S-8191, 9S-8192, 9S-8193, 9S-8194,9S-8195, 9S-8198, 9S-9193 or 11S-2346.

4. 9 .2 General Service Thermowells

1. General service thermowells (wells in lines, vessels,etc.) in services 1500°F and below shall as a minimum betype 304 SS.

2. If type 304 SS is unacceptable, thermowell material shallcomply with PMSS for line or vessel being monitored.

4. 9 .3 Thermowells for Multi-length Thermocouples in Reactors

Two or more thermocouples of different lengths in a singlethermowell assembly shall be subject to Purchaser approval.

4. 9 .4 Fired Heater Thermowells

Unless temperature limitation requires ceramic or othermaterial, thermowells in fired heater walls, ducts, and stacksshall consist of type 446 SS in accordance with ASTM A 276.

4.10 Installation

Thermowells in process lines, vessels, fired heaters, storage tanks, andrelated equipment shall be installed in accordance with Drawings



9S-8189, 9S-8190, 9S-8192, 9S-8193, 9S-8194, 9S-8195, 9S-8240, 9S-9193and 11S-2346.

5. TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS

5.1 Design

“Smart” temperature transmitters shall be preferred for temperaturecontrol, recording, and shutdown.


1. Transmitters shall have the following characteristics:

a. Analog (4-20 mA DC) output with thermocouple typelinearization.

b. Output zero and span adjustment.

2. Cases for field mounted transmitters shall be non-corroding.Materials shall not be plated.

5.3 Installation

1. Field mounted transmitters shall be rigidly mounted on columns orplatforms near temperature well provided for particular service.

2. Field mounted transmitters shall be installed in accordance withGEMS K-1D.

6. ACCESSIBILITY OF TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS

Field mounted temperature elements and transmitters shall be accessiblein accordance with GEMS J-1D.

7. THERMOCOUPLES AND HEADS

7.1 Use of Thermocouples

1. Thermocouples shall be used in conjunction with temperatureactuated indicators, recorders, and controllers in services thatrequire temperature measurements.

2. Type E thermocouples shall be preferred over type J thermocouplesdue to the following:

a. Type E thermocouples span temperature range of type Jthermocouples.

b. Type E thermocouples do not contain iron and will not oxidize.

c. Type E thermocouples are suitable for subzero temperature.

d. Type E thermocouples develop a higher EMF per degree.

3. Thermocouples shall be constructed in accordance with Section7.8.2.

4. Tube metal or vessel wall skin thermocouples shall comply withSection 7.8.3.

7.2 Mineral Insulated Sheath Type Thermocouples

1. Mineral insulated sheath type thermocouples with insulated flexiblearmored leads permanently attached and sealed in protecting tubeshall be used to measure temperatures in services that requirethermocouple actuated instruments.



2. Vessels, lines, and furnaces that require thermocouples shall havewells that comply with Section 4.

3. Temperature control loops and applications in which two devicesmeasure the same process temperature may have duplex thermocouples(two thermocouples in a single sheath).

4. Temperature shutdown loops and fired heater outlet temperaturesshall be measured by individual thermocouples in individual wells.

7.3 Skin Temperature

1. Skin temperature thermocouples shall be used to measure surfacetemperatures on vessel walls and heater tubes.

2. Vessel wall skin temperature thermocouples shall be mineralinsulated type with 1/8 inch diameter sheath installed inaccordance with Drawing 11S-2346.

3. Heater tubes or other services with ambient conditions severeenough to cause corrosion or damage to wire shall have mineralinsulated type of thermocouple with metal block on end to allowwelding to heater tubes.

4. Mineral insulated type thermocouples shall be installed inaccordance with Drawing 11S-2373.

7.4 Thermocouple Heads

1. Heads on sheathed thermocouples shall be weatherproof, be of ruggedconstruction (such as cast metal), have 1/2 x 3/4 conduitconnections, and include terminal connections.

2. Connections shall comply with Drawing 11S-2334.

7.5 Thermocouples for Furnace Temperatures

Mineral insulated sheathed type thermocouples that measure furnacetemperatures shall comply with Drawings 11S-2416 and 11S-2334.

7.6 Ranges and Types of Thermocouples

1. Type, lead wire, and operating temperature limits of thermocouplesshall comply with Table 5.

2. Type E thermocouples shall be preferred over type T in applicationsin which either type is suitable for service conditions.

7.7 Checks and Test of Thermocouples

1. Thermocouples shall be checked at least 1 temperature point above200°F and comply with standard limits of error specified in ANSIMC96.1.

2. Sheathed thermocouples shall be ungrounded. After completefabrication, thermocouples shall be tested to ensure conductors tosheath resistance at ambient temperature is greater than 10megohms.


7. 8 .1 General

Thermocouple materials and construction shall comply with GEMSK-902M.

7. 8 .2 Sheathed or Protected Thermocouples

1. Mineral insulated thermocouples shall be manufactured inaccordance with Drawing 11S-2416.



2. Wire shall be premium grade, 16 gage (minimum), andaccurate to limits specified in ANSI MC96.1. Type shallcomply with Sections 7.1 and 7.6.

3. Insulation shall be 99.4% (minimum) pure compactedmagnesium oxide.

4. Except for services requiring Inconel, sheath orprotection tube shall be 1/4 inch O.D. type 310 SS.

5. Thermocouple shall have a length of immersion or length ofsheath as follows:

a. 1 foot 3 inches for 1 inch screwed or flanged wells.

b. 1 foot 8 inches for 1-1/2 inch flanged wells.

c. Longer lengths shall be provided if thermowell is 18inches or longer. In such cases, sheath shall extendat least 3 inches outside of well.

6. Hot junction shall be welded and electrically insulatedfrom sheath or protection tube in accordance with Section7.7, paragraph 2.

7. Dual thermocouples (two thermocouples in one sheath) shallbe electrically insulated from sheath and each other inaccordance with Section 7.7, paragraph 2.

8. Leads shall be 16 inches long with suitable insulation,solid wire with plain ends on each wire, and leadpermanently attached to couple by a transition piecepotted with high temperature epoxy resin.

9. Leads shall be protected by 24 inch long flexiblestainless steel armor or woven braid with PVC coverpermanently attached to sheath tubing.

10. Spring loaded thermowell assemblies shall be used tomaintain good contact between thermocouple and well.

7. 8 .3 Mineral Insulated Skin Temperature Thermocouples

1. Protected thermocouples used in furnaces that require skintemperatures shall be constructed as follows:

a. Sheath shall be 1/4 inch O.D. type 310, 446, or 347 SStubing (446 or 309 are suitable for sulfur gases).Tubing length shall allow for expansion loops anddistance to outside of furnace.

b. Insulation shall be 99.4% pure compacted magnesiumoxide.

c. Materials, installation, construction, andrequisitioning shall comply with Drawing 11S-2373.

2. Protected thermocouples used in vessel walls that requireskin temperatures shall be constructed as follows:

a. Sheath shall be 1/8 inch O.D. type 309 or 310 SSprotecting tube.

b. Insulation shall be 99.4% pure compacted magnesiumoxide.

c. Materials, installation, construction, andrequisitioning shall comply with Drawing 11S-2346.



7.9 Installation

Thermocouple installation shall comply with applicable codes associatedwith location in which they are to be installed.

8. RTDS

8.1 General

1. Platinum RTDs are increasing in use principally because of inherentaccuracy. Compared to thermocouples, accuracy is over smallertemperature spans at lower maximum temperature limits.

2. Thermocouples are tip sensitive, while RTDs are “stem sensitive”,making thermocouples more suitable for point sensing.

3. Thermocouples generally have a higher upper temperature limit,making them the sensor of choice in elevated temperatureapplications.

4. RTDs shall be ungrounded mineral insulated sheath type withinsulated flexible armored leads permanently attached and sealed inprotecting tube.

5. The same practical precautions that apply to thermocouples alsoapply to RTDs, i.e., use of shields and twisted-pair wire, use ofproper sheathing, avoidance of stress and steep temperaturegradients, and use of large extension wire.

6. Self-heating shall be reduced by using:

a. Minimum ohms measurement current that will still give requiredresolution.

b. Largest RTD that will still give good response time.

7. RTDs may be used up to 600°F.

8. RTDs in applications with temperatures greater than 600°F shall besubject to Purchaser approval.

9. Wells for RTDs shall be provided with RTDs as matched units. Springloaded thermowell assemblies shall be used to maintain good contactbetween RTDs and wells.

8.2 RTD Heads

1. Heads shall:

a. Be weatherproof.

b. Be of rugged construction (such as cast metal).

c. Have 1/2 x 3/4 conduit connections.

d. Include terminal connections.

2. RTD heads shall be explosion proof for dual RTDs to allowsufficient termination of wiring.

8.3 Design

1. RTDs shall have base resistance of 100 ohms at 32°F with atemperature coefficient of 0.00385 ohms/ohm/°C.

2. RTDS shall have an accuracy of ±1/2°F or a maximum of 1/4% oftemperature being measured.



3. Calibration shall be traceable to National Bureau of Standards andshall be certified as such.

4. Electrical insulation resistance shall exceed 1000 megohms,measured from any lead wire to metal sheath using a test potentialof 50 VDC. Test current shall not exceed 20 mA.


1. Sheathed RTDs shall be manufactured in accordance with Drawing11S-2416.

2. Sheathed RTDs shall:

a. Have 99.999% high purity platinum sensors.

b. Be as a minimum three wire type.

c. Be insulated with 99.4% pure magnesium oxide.

d. Be 1/4 inch O.D. 310 SS.

3. Leads shall be 26 inches long with suitable insulation, 16 gagepremium grade stranded wire with plain ends on each wire, and leadwires permanently attached to RTD sensor by a transition piecepotted with high temperature epoxy resin.

4. In remote mount applications, leads shall be protected by flexiblestainless steel armor or woven braid with PVC cover (24 incheslong) permanently attached to sheath.

8.5 Installation

RTDs shall be installed in accordance with:

1. Applicable code requirements of hazardous area location in whichthey are to be installed.

2. Drawings 11S-2334 and 11S-2346.

9. TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS FOR FILLED SYSTEMS

9.1 Pneumatic Temperature Transmitters for Filled Systems

1. Filled temperature systems shall be subject to Purchaser approval.

2. If temperature is less than 750°F and a local-only indicator,controller, or recorder is desired, transmitters may be pneumatictemperature type with gas or non-mercury filled liquid short tubingsystems.

9.2 Self-actuated Temperature Control Valve

1. Self-actuated control valves may be used if service conditionspermit and precise control is not essential.

2. Valves exceeding 2 inches shall be conventional control type withself acting temperature pilot valve designed to use steam, gas,air, or other fluid for actuating control valve in lieu of directconnected self acting control valve.

3. Self-actuated temperature control valves shall be considered foruse within their capabilities if instrument air is not available(as in tank farms, pumphouses, etc.).




9. 3 .1 General

Material selection shall be based on those that are mostsuitable for the process.

9. 3 .2 Thermal Systems for Transmitters

1. Bulb size shall be 3/8 inch with a maximum length of 5inches.

2. Armored capillary shall be manufacturer's standard, 3 feetto 5 feet long. Longer lengths may be specified only ifnecessary to make transmitter accessible.

3. Flexible extension length shall be a minimum 1 foot 6inches.

9. 3 .3 Thermal System for Direct Connected Instruments

1. Capillary shall have a maximum length of 20 feet.

2. Bulb size and construction shall be manufacturer'sstandard.

9. 3 .4 Self-actuated Thermal Elements

Thermal systems for self-actuated type shall be manufacturer'sstandard construction.

9.4 Installation

1. Thermal systems shall be installed in accordance with Section 5.3.

2. Thermal system tubing shall be supported and protected by an angleiron or pipe. Excess tubing shall be neatly coiled and fastened toprevent damage.

10. DIAL THERMOMETERS

10.1 Dial Thermometers - Application

1. Bi-metallic (preferred) or filled system (subject to Purchaserapproval) dial thermometers shall be inserted in wells located inpiping, vessels, or equipment for which temperature must bemeasured, such as:

a. Steam inlet and water inlet/outlet of surface condensers.

b. Standpipes on vacuum ejector systems.

c. Cooling water outlets of individual coolers and condenserswith 3 inches and larger outlets.

d. Multiple unit coolers and condensers - thermometer shall be in3 inch or larger common outlet.

e. Atmospheric storage tanks, except those in water service.

f. Pressure storage tanks with ground reading gages.

2. Compressors (unless furnished by compressor Supplier or providedwith other means of temperature measurement) shall have dialthermometers at the following points:

a. Combined outlet of cooling water from jacket.

b. Common discharge and suction.

c. Outlet of gas cylinders (reciprocating compressors only).



d. Lube oil outlet from bearings (centrifugal only).

e. Inlet and outlet of lube oil cooler (centrifugal only).

f. Seal oil outlet from bearings (centrifugal only).

g. Inlet and outlet of seal oil cooler (centrifugal only).

3. If equipment, floors, or piping near wells prevents properpositioning of dial thermometers, the following adjustments shallbe made:

a. A filled system type dial thermometer with suitable length ofcapillary tubing shall be provided to locate dial in a visibleposition for reading. Length of capillary tubing shall be keptto a minimum.

b. A dial thermometer directly actuated by a thermocouple signal(no other source of power required) shall be used fortemperatures that exceed maximum for filled systems. Systemshall be weatherproof.

10.2 Ranges

1. Range of dial thermometer selected shall be such that normaloperating temperature falls within middle one-third of thermometerrange.

2. Ranges shall comply with manufacturer's recommendation.

10.3 Dial Thermometer Stem Lengths

1. Stem lengths for screwed wells in lines 6 inches and below shall be9 inches.

2. Stem lengths for screwed wells in lines 8 inches and above shall be12 inches.

3. Stem lengths for 1 inch flanged wells shall be 12 inches.

4. Stem lengths for 1-1/2 inch flanged wells shall be 18 inches.

5. Stem lengths for 42 inch wells in storage tanks shall be 42 inches.

6. Thermowells shall be designed and installed in accordance withapplicable standard drawings.


1. Bi-metallic thermometers shall have 1/4 inch O.D. 316 SS stem and1/2 inch NPT male connections.

2. Filled system dial thermometers shall be liquid or gas filled withmanufacturer's standard construction. Bulb shall not exceed 3/8inch x 5 inches, with a maximum of 20 feet of capillary.

3. Dial thermometers shall have 5 inch anti-parallax dials andmanufacturer's standard weatherproof case.

4. Thermometers shall be adjustable angle, back connected.

5. Dial faces shall be adjustable through 360° of rotation and 180° ofangle.

6. Materials and construction shall comply with GEMS K-903M.



10.5 Installation

10. 5 .1 Dial Thermometers

1. Bi-metallic thermometers shall be screwed into 1/2 inchfemale NPT in end of well located at desired temperaturepoint.

2. Dial thermometers installed in 1-1/2 inch wells shallcomply with Drawing 9S-8189.

3. Face or dial of thermometer shall be turned in directionand angle to allow easy reading.

4. Filled system bulbs shall be inserted into bottom of welland fastened by screwing adapter nut (furnished with tubesystem) into 1/2 inch female NPT in end of well.

5. Capillary tubing shall be run along suitable angle or pipeand clamped to prevent excessive movement and protect itfrom damage.

6. Excess tubing shall be neatly coiled and fastened.

10. 5 .2 Supports

1. Bi-metallic dial thermometers shall be self-supportingwhen screwed into well.

2. Filled system dial thermometers shall be supported asnecessary to place dial in suitable position for reading.



TABLE 1WELL SELECTIONS FOR PIPING

PressClass

Service Line Matl Location THD RF RJ

250 &Lower

General Test Thermometers(Note 3.)

CarbonSteel

6 In. & Smaller Lines500°F Max.

A-1A

8 In. & Larger Lines500°F Max.

A-1B

250 &Lower

Gen. - Bi-metallicThermometers & Thermocouples(Note 3.)

CarbonSteel

6 In. & Smaller Lines500°F Max.

A-2A

8 In. & Larger Lines500°F Max.

A-2B

250 &Lower

Gen. - Test & Bi-metallic CarbonSteel

All Size Lines 501°F &Higher

BF

Thermometers & Thermocouples

250 &Lower

Gen. - Filled Thermal TubeSystem

All Matl. All Size Lines AllTemps

BF

250 &Lower

General - All Services Alloy All Size Lines AllTemps

BF

250 &Lower

Special - Acid & Acid/Oil, All Size Lines AllTemps

BF

Caustic & Caustic/Oil,Amines,

Hydrogen, Some Solvents,Other

Hard to Hold Matl., etc.

250 &Lower

Coking Service All Matl All Size Lines AllTemps

CF

300 & 600 All Services Except Coking All Matl All Size Lines AllTemps

BF BR

300 & 600 Coking Service All Matl All Size Lines AllTemps

CF CR

900 & 1500 All Services All Matl All Size Lines AllTemps

CF CR

2500 All Services All Matl All Size Lines AllTemps

CR

Notes:

1. Nozzles shall be selected in accordance with individual PMSS.

2. Flange type and facing for type B and C wells shall be selected in accordancewith PMSS of line in which they are located.

3. Threaded thermocouple wells and nozzles in piping shall be permitted only ifapplicable PMSS indicated threaded fittings for 1 inch size or if GEMS J-2Dpermits threaded fittings in service involved.



TABLE 2WELL SELECTIONS FOR VESSELS

PressClass

Limitations THD RF RJ

150 Max Limited Services Listed in GEMS F-1M (Threaded NozzlesPermitted)

A-2B

150 -1500

Other Services in GEMS F-1M (Threaded Nozzles NotPermitted)

CF CR

2500 Other Services in GEMS F-1M (Threaded Nozzles NotPermitted)

CR

Note:

Flange type and facing for type B and C wells shall be selected in accordance withPMSS of vessel in which they are located.



TABLE 3WELL SELECTIONS FOR TANKS AND FIRED HEATERS

Pressure Service THD RF

Atmos Atmospheric Storage Tanks - Dial Thermometers DF

All Thermocouples in Fired Heater Walls, Ducts, andStacks

E

All Fired Heater Welded Tube Fittings (Note 1.) BF BR

CF CR

Note:

1. Type of thermocouple well and type of nozzle for thermocouples in rolled-on fired heater tube fittings shall comply with heater supplier recommendation and shall be subject to Purchaser approval.



TABLE 4WELL AND NOZZLE DRAWING SCHEDULE

THD RF RJ Description Well DWG Nozzle DWG Uses

A 1 In. THD 9S-8191 9S-8193 Thermocouples/Bi-metallic & TestThermometers

BF BR 1 In. FLGD 9S-8188 9S-8190 Thermocouples, Bimetallic & TestThermometers, & Filled TubeSystems

CF CR 1-1/2 In.FLGD

9S-8188 9S-8189 Thermocouples, Bimetallic & TestThermometers, & Filled TubeSystems (for Piping)

DF 1-1/2 In.FLGD

9S-8194 9S-8194 Dial Thermometers for StorageTanks

E 1-1/2 In.THD

9S-8192 9S-8192 Thermocouples

CF CR 1-1/2 In.FLGD

9S-8188 9S-8195 Thermocouples, Bi-metallic &Test Thermometers, & Filled TubeSystems (for Vessels)

CR 1-1/2 In.FLGD

9S-8198 9S-8189(Note 1.)

Thermocouples, Bi-metallic &Filled Systems

Note:

1. See Note 8 on Drawing 9S-8198.



TABLE 5LEAD WIRE MATERIALS AND TEMPERATURE LIMITS FOR THERMOCOUPLES

LEAD WIRE OPERATING TEMPERATURE LIMITSTYPE MATERIAL MINIMUM MAXIMUMT Copper-constantan -200°F 400°FJ Iron-constantan 0°F 1200°F (Note 1.)K Chromel-alumel 1200°F 2300°F (Note 2.)R,S Platinum-rhodium 1500°F 2700°FE Chromel-constantan 0°F 1200°F (Note 3.)

NOTES:

1. Excluding furnace flue gas services and FCCU regenerator temperatures.

2. Including furnace flue gas points below 1400°F and FCCU regeneratortemperatures.

3. In oxidizing or inert atmospheres (rust inhibitor).

Normas Texaco GEMS K-9D5 Temperature Measurement

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