Normas Texaco GEMS M-4D2 Design of Water Spray and Deluge Systems for Fire Protection

DEC 94 DESIGN OF WATER SPRAY AND DELUGE SYSTEMS GEMS M-4D2FOR FIRE PROTECTION

©TEXACO CE&P PAGE 1 OF 22

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

1. SCOPE................................................................................................................................................ 3

2. REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................... 3

2.1 Purchaser Specifications..............................................................................................................32.2 Purchaser Drawings..................................................................................................................... 32.3 Industry Codes and Standards...................................................................................................... 3

3. DEFINITIONS..................................................................................................................................... 4

3.1 Water Spray System.....................................................................................................................43.2 Deluge System.............................................................................................................................43.3 Foam-Water Deluge and Spray System........................................................................................ 43.4 Pilot Head.................................................................................................................................... 4

4. GENERAL........................................................................................................................................... 4

4.1 Design......................................................................................................................................... 44.2 System Control............................................................................................................................54.3 Freeze Protection.........................................................................................................................64.4 Site Drainage............................................................................................................................... 64.5 Fireproofing and Insulation ......................................................................................................... 64.6 Piping.......................................................................................................................................... 64.7 Nozzles........................................................................................................................................ 74.8 Control Valves.............................................................................................................................7

5. PROCESS STRUCTURES AND BUILDINGS..................................................................................... 7

5.1 General........................................................................................................................................ 75.2 Area Deluge System....................................................................................................................85.3 Coverage..................................................................................................................................... 85.4 Application Rates........................................................................................................................8

6. PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS........................................................................................................... 8

7. HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL PRESSURE VESSELS................................................................... 9

7.1 Horizontal Pressure Vessels......................................................................................................... 97.2 Vertical Pressure Vessels.............................................................................................................9

8. SPHERICAL PRESSURE VESSELS................................................................................................... 9

8.1 General........................................................................................................................................ 98.2 Direct Water Spray......................................................................................................................98.3 Alternate Protection - Weir System..............................................................................................10

9. OTHER APPLICATIONS....................................................................................................................11

TABLES

Table 1 Total Areas and Top Nozzle Flow Rates for Common Sphere DiametersTable 2 Nozzle Sizes, Orifices Diameters, Flow Rates, and K Factors

FIGURES

Figure 1 Internal Diaphragm Control Valve SchematicFigure 2 Piston Operated Control Valve Schematic



Figure 3 Spray Patterns of Adjacent NozzlesFigure 4 General Arrangement of Protection System for Spherical Pressure VesselFigure 5 Top NozzleFigures 6A/B Weir Ring Mounting Location and DetailsFigure 7 Bottom Spray CoverageFigure 8 Supplemental Spray Below LegsFigure 9 Alternate Coverage Below Legs



1. SCOPE

1. This specification defines minimum technical requirements for the design of water spray and delugefixed systems in new or existing onshore facilities.

2. This specification does not apply to offshore production platforms.

3. This specification does not define where water spray and deluge systems are required.

4. This specification may be used as guidance to improve an existing system.

5. The applicability of any fire protection system depends upon the nature of the facility or property to beprotected, the particular hazard involved, and extent of risk to life and property. Specific conservativeguidance for provision of water spray and deluge may be found in insurance recommendations andNFPA standards.

6. There may also be specific regulatory requirements for certain specifying or designing water sprayand deluge systems. Expert assistance may be obtained through Division or Corporate SafetyDepartments.

2. REFERENCES

2.1 Purchaser Specifications

This specification contains references to the following Purchaser specifications:

1. GEMSGC, “General Conditions - General Equipment and Material Specifications”.

2. GEMS J-2D, “Selection and Limitation of Piping Materials - Design”.

3. GEMS J-3D, “Sewers, Drains, and Paving Arrangement - Design”.

4. GEMS J-07A, “Piping and Material Service Specification”.

5. GEMS M-1D, “Fireproofing of Steel Structures, Equipment Supports, and Instrument and ElectricalEquipment - Design”.

6. GEMS M-2D, “Location of Above Ground Storage Tanks and Requirements for Dikes - Design”.

2.2 Purchaser Drawings

This specification contains references to the following Purchaser drawings:

None.

2.3 Industry Codes and Standards

This specification contains references to the following industry codes and standards:

2.3.1 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

1. 13, “Standard for Installation of Sprinkler Systems”.

2. 15, “Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection”.

3. 72, “National Fire Alarm Code”.



3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 Water Spray System

1. A water spray system consists of open, directional spray nozzles connected by piping network andcontrol valve to a source of pressurized water.

2. Upon actuation, system discharges water directly onto equipment or structure surfaces for exposureprotection or onto burning surfaces for fire control.

3. Nozzles in water spray systems are specifically designed for water spray applications.

4. Nozzles are selected on basis of:

• Discharge pattern.

• Water droplet size and velocity.

• Rate of water discharge required.

3.2 Deluge System

1. A deluge system consists of open sprinklers or wide pattern nozzles connected by piping and a controlvalve to a source of pressurized water.

2. This type system is similar to water spray system, except that nozzles are placed overhead to cover alarge area of a building or structure.

3. System discharges water at a rate such that all equipment and structural items within an area areprotected.

3.3 Foam-Water Deluge and Spray System

1. Foam-water deluge and spray systems have a device to proportion foam concentrate into water supplythat feeds system.

2. Foam solution is discharged from system nozzles or sprinklers.

3. Special aspirating type nozzles may be necessary, depending on type of foam used.

3.4 Pilot Head

1. A pilot head is a special thermal fire detection system for direct actuation of deluge or water spraysystems.

2. Pilot head systems consist of standard, fusible element sprinkler heads connected to system controlvalve by 1/2 inch piping or tubing pressurized with air.

3. Heat from fire opens one or more heads, which releases air pressure and actuates deluge or waterspray system.

4. GENERAL

4.1 Design

1. The proper design and installation of deluge and water spray systems takes specialized knowledgeand experience beyond that provided in the referenced standards. Unless such special expertise isavailable within the plant or facility, design and installation shall be contracted to a company thatspecializes in such work.

2. All systems shall as a minimum conform to applicable portions of NFPA 13 and 15.



3. If local, state, and/or national regulatory authorities have specified requirements applicable to designand installation of water spray or deluge systems, such requirements shall also be observed.

4. Size of piping and system design criteria shall be verified and documented by calculations for allsystems. Calculations shall conform to NFPA requirements.

5. At the calculated flow rate, the pressure required by the system at the point of connection to the watersupply system shall be less than but within 20 psi of the pressure available.

6. Individual water spray and deluge system shall be limited to a maximum flow rate of 3000 gpm. If afire area or equipment item requires a total flow rate greater than 3000 gpm, consideration shall begiven to protecting the area or item with multiple smaller systems.

7. Each system shall have a stainless steel placard that contains the system design data. Placard shall bepermanently attached to the control valve. The design data shall as a minimum include:

• Application rates and total areas of each separate area.

• Total design flow rate.

• Minimum required pressure at the control valve.

8. Facility or plant shall maintain a readily available set of drawings and design calculations for eachsystem.

9. General conditions shall conform to GEMSGC.

4.2 System Control

1. Deluge and water spray systems may be automatically or manually controlled, as appropriate for thefacility.

2. Automatic control shall be from either:

• Pilot head system (preferred).

• Supervised fire detection system.

3. Fire detection systems and detectors shall conform to NFPA 72.

4. Automatic system control valve shall be in an accessible location, no closer than 50 feet to hazardbeing protected.

5. If applicable, system shall have remote, manual means of actuation in a constantly attended location,such as control room, guard station, or similar area.

6. In addition to any automatic or remote manual controls, each system control valve shall have a meansof manual actuation at the control valve location. This shall allow the control valve to open, even witha failure of the remote control system. Alternately, a valved bypass around the control valve may beprovided.

7. Each manual actuation means shall have a sign that clearly identifies:

• Purpose of device.

• System that it will activate.

• Area or equipment protected.

8. System control valves shall have normally open isolation valve immediately upstream of controlvalve. Underground feed piping to control valve(s) shall have normally open valve at point of takeofffrom looped fire main.



9. Manually actuated systems shall have actuation stations at accessible locations close to protected areaor item of equipment. Actuation stations shall ideally be located along emergency exit routes,approximately 50 feet outside of area protected.

4.3 Freeze Protection

1. Control valves and water filled control lines subject to freezing weather conditions shall be protectedfrom freezing.

2. Freeze protection of the control valve and water filled control lines shall be accomplished by:

• Insulation.

• Combination of heat tracing and insulation.

• Enclosing entire control valve assembly with heated enclosure.

3. Method of freeze protection shall be selected in accordance with maintenance and reset requirementsof control valve.

4. Piping downstream of control valves shall be pitched to drain towards valved drain connectionlocated at or near control valve. Piping shall not have dips or low spots which could trap water.Trapped portions, if unavoidable, shall have supplemental automatic or manual drains.

4.4 Site Drainage

1. Surface drainage in areas protected by water spray or deluge systems shall be designed on the basis ofwater that will be discharged from:

• Water spray or deluge systems.

• Fire monitors.

• Hose systems.

2. Sewers, drains, and paving shall be designed in accordance with GEMS J-3D.

3. Dikes around vessels or tanks protected by water spray or deluge shall conform to GEMS M-2D.

4.5 Fireproofing and Insulation

1. Consideration may be given to eliminating water spray protection for structural steel vertical supportcolumns, vessel skirts, and vessel supports that have been “fire proofed” (see GEMS M-1D).

2. Consideration may be given to eliminating water spray protection or reducing application rates forinsulated equipment items, if the insulation:

• Is of non-combustible, heat-resistant materials.

• Secured by a stainless steel jacket and fastenings.

• Limits the temperature of unexposed surfaces to 850°F for structural members or 650°F forpressure confining equipment (see GEMS M-1D).

4.6 Piping

1. Piping NPS 4 and smaller downstream of system strainer shall conform to GEMS J-07A. All rawcuts and threaded areas shall be treated before assembly with a preservative material that gives a lifeexpectancy equal to that of the pipe itself.

2. Piping downstream of the system strainer that is larger than NPS 4 shall be fabricated into flangedspool sections and internally epoxy lined or galvanized after fabrication.

3. Piping upstream of system strainer shall conform to GEMS J-2D, Table 7 for firewater (WF).



4. To protect the system nozzles, a removable basket strainer with drain valve shall be providedupstream of system control valve and manual bypass (if provided). Pressure drop across strainer shallnot exceed 3 psi at design flow with 75% strainer blockage. Strainer shall stop 99% of objects 1/4inch or larger.

4.7 Nozzles

1. Nozzles shall be of a type specifically approved by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL), FactoryMutual (FM), or equivalent agency for use in sprinkler or water spray systems.

2. Nozzles which do not have UL or FM approval but have proven reliability in similar applications maybe used, subject to Purchaser approval.

3. To minimize plugging, water spray nozzles shall have as large a port size as practical for system.

4. Internal ports of nozzles shall not be smaller than 3/8 inch.

5. Nozzles shall be brass. Nozzles in locations corrosive to brass shall be stainless steel.

6. Spray nozzles shall have discharge pattern suitable for system requirements.

4.8 Control Valves

1. Deluge and water spray control valves shall be a of a type specifically listed or approved by UL or FMfor deluge service.

2. Valves which do not have UL or FM approval but have proven reliability in similar applications maybe used, subject to Purchaser approval.

3. Typical control valve schematic for internal diaphragm type valves is shown in Figure 1.

4. Typical control valve schematic for piston operated type valves is shown in Figure 2.

5. Valve or valve actuator shall not require external source of power to open valve.

6. Failure of control system shall cause valves to move or fail to full open position.

7. Valve or actuator control design shall be such that valve cannot be accidentally closed against a flow.

8. Valve shall be reset manually after actuation.

9. Deluge valve or valve actuator shall not require disassembly to reset valve after actuation.

10. System control valve shall have a permanently attached stainless steel placard which as a minimumincludes:

• Application rates.

• Total protected area.

• Total design flow rate.

• Minimum required pressure at control valve.

5. PROCESS STRUCTURES AND BUILDINGS

5.1 General

Protection of all equipment and structural members within a large portion of a process structure orbuilding shall generally be accomplished by area deluge rather than direct water spray on each item to beprotected.



5.2 Area Deluge System

1. Area deluge systems shall have open pendent sprinkler heads or 180° spray nozzles in downward(pendent) position.

2. Sprinkler heads or nozzles shall be located at ceiling level with spacing to overhead structure inaccordance with NFPA 13.

3. Nozzles or heads shall be spaced such that each protects no more than 100 square feet of area.

5.3 Coverage

1. Nozzles or sprinkler heads shall discharge over all vertical structural members within protected area.

2. Members which cannot be adequately protected overhead shall be protected by supplementaldirectional spray nozzles.

5.4 Application Rates

1. If area deluge protection is provided in process structures or buildings, the system shall be designedfor minimum application rates as follows:

• 0.35 gpm/ft2 of protected area where flammable gas or flammable (Class I) liquids are theprimary hazard.

• 0.30 gpm/ft2 of protected area where combustible (Class II or III) liquids are the primary hazard.

• 0.25 gpm/ft2 of protected area where high flashpoint (above 300°F) combustible liquids, watermiscible liquids, liquids with a specific gravity greater than 1, or combustible solids are theprimary hazard.

2. Portions of pressure vessels and non-fireproofed, critical, structural members which are notadequately wetted by the deluge system shall have supplemental direct water spray appropriateapplication rates per Section 7. All surfaces of horizontal pressure vessels that are below the vesselequator and exposed bottom heads on vertical pressure vessels shall be covered by the supplementalwater spray.

3. Areas below equipment item which is 4 feet or greater in width and in which burning liquids couldaccumulate during a fire shall have supplemental coverage at 0.25 gpm/ft2 of area below suchequipment.

4. Intermediate floor levels within structure which consist of open grate flooring shall have water spraycoverage at each level. Application rates at lower levels may be reduced. Structures with oneintermediate level may have application rate of 0.15 gpm/ft2 on lower level. Structures with two ormore intermediate levels may have application rate of 0.10 gpm/ft2 on lower levels.

6. PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS

1. Pumps handling flammable or combustible liquids or compressors handling flammable gases whichare protected by water spray shall be fully enveloped in water spray.

2. Enveloped area shall:

• Extend from suction connection to discharge connection.

• Include bearing housing(s) and seal(s).

• Cover instrumentation and other connections made directly to pump or compressor case.

3. Application rate shall not be less than 0.50 gpm/ft2 of full protected envelope area as projected to baseof equipment.



7. HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL PRESSURE VESSELS

7.1 Horizontal Pressure Vessels

1. Horizontal pressure vessels which are protected by water spray shall have exposed surfaces covered bydirect water spray or rundown.

2. Patterns from adjacent nozzles protecting upper half of vessel shall at least meet at their horizontalextremities.

3. Patterns from adjacent nozzles protecting surfaces below vessel equator shall meet both horizontallyand along vessel circumference in accordance with Figure 3.

4. Manholes, pipe connection nozzles, or other projections which may interfere with water spray patternshall be subject to special attention to ensure that all vessel surfaces are fully wetted.

5. Application rate shall not be less than 0.25 gpm/ft2 of vessel surface.

6. Vessels with unstable chemicals may require application rates greater than 0.25 gpm/ft2.

7.2 Vertical Pressure Vessels

1. If vertical vessels, distillation columns, reactors, and similar items are to be protected by water spray,all exposed surfaces shall be covered by direct water spray or allowable rundown. Coverage may beomitted from surfaces that are more than 30 feet above the grade at which an exposing liquid spill firecould occur and where there is no significant potential for exposure from impinging fires from brokenprocess piping or equipment.

2. Nozzles which protect vertical surface shall be arranged in a ring, with spray directed horizontallyonto vessel.

3. Nozzles shall be spaced on rings such that spray patterns at least touch at their horizontal extremities.

4. Vertical distance between nozzle rings shall not exceed 12 feet.

5. Application rate shall not be less than 0.25 gpm/ft2 of protected vessel surface. Vessels with unstableor highly reactive materials may require higher application rates.

6. Unfireproofed steel vessel supports may have application rate of 0.10 gpm/ft2 of vertical surface,applied to one exposed side only.

8. SPHERICAL PRESSURE VESSELS

8.1 General

1. Spherical pressure vessels may be protected by either:

• A direct water spray in accordance with Section 8.2.

• A weir system in accordance with Section 8.3.

2. Minimum application rate for either spray system shall not be less than 0.25 gpm/ft2 of vessel surface.

3. Vessels with autoreactive or unstable chemicals may require higher application rates.

8.2 Direct Water Spray

1. If spheres are protected by direct water spray, all exposed surfaces, critical valves, and non-fireproofed supports shall be covered.

2. The spacing of nozzles covering the sphere above its equator (horizontal center) and on verticalsupports (legs) shall be such that the patterns just touch horizontally and there is not more than 12feet vertically between nozzles.



3. The spacing of nozzles covering the sphere below its equator (horizontal center) shall be such that thepatterns just touch horizontally and vertically.

4. Isolation valve on fill and withdrawal lines installed at the vessel and vessel relief valves shall beenveloped by the water spray.

5. Spheres greater than 60 feet in diameter shall be protected by multiple systems, with each systemcovering a portion of the sphere as specified in Section 4.1.5.

8.3 Alternate Protection - Weir System

8.3.1 General

1. This method uses a large diameter nozzle(s) and distribution weir at the top of thesphere, with supplemental direct water spray covering the lower portions of the sphere.See Figure 4.

2. This method shall not be used on spheres smaller than 20 feet in diameter.

3. For spheres greater than 60 feet in diameter, coverage for the top and cover for thebottom shall be arranged as separate systems, designed to operate simultaneously.

4. System shall be fed by connections to the fire water supply through a deluge controlvalve as in conventional systems. The deluge control valves shall be located away fromthe sphere being protected such that they are accessible under fire conditions.

8.3.2 Top Nozzle

1. Top nozzle shall be fabricated assembly which consists of an orifice plate, set ofcompanion flanges, and open tail piece.

2. Top nozzle shall be mounted vertically at the top center of the sphere. If this is notpossible due to the location of the relief valve, two or more smaller nozzles shall beprovided and located on opposing sides of the relief valve. See Figure 5.

3. Nozzles shall be mounted such that there is a uniform gap of 2 inches between thenozzle outlet and the vessel shell.

4. Top nozzle and delivery piping shall be designed to deliver the flow rate of waterrequired to cover not more than 75% of the sphere. Table 1 shows flow values forvarious size spheres, based on an application rate of 0.25 gpm/ft2.

5. Top nozzle shall be selected from the list of allowable tailpiece and orifice diametercombinations shown in Table 2. The size shall be such that the nozzle delivers therequired flow rate with a pressure at the orifice of between 15 and 60 psig.

6. If multiple nozzles are required, each nozzle shall be identical and of a size that the totalflow from all of the nozzles is equal to that specified in Section 8.3.2., paragraph 4.

8.3.3 Distribution Weir

1. Vessel shall have a fabricated distribution weir located and mounted in accordance withFigures 6A and 6B.

2. Weir shall be circular and centered to top of vessel.

3. Top edge of weir shall be level with respect to grade.

4. Diameter of ring is dependent on vessel diameter and shall be approximately 1/10diameter of vessel.



5. To prevent maldistribution of water, weir shall enclose all nozzles located at top ofsphere.

6. The top of the weir ring shall have 2 inch by 2 inch “V” slots cut on 4 inch centers.There shall be a uniform 0.5 inch gap between the bottom of the weir ring and the vesselshell.

8.3.4 Supplemental Nozzles

1. Supplemental spray nozzles shall cover portions of vessel that cannot be adequatelycovered by rundown from the top nozzles(s).

2. As a minimum, direct water spray shall cover the sphere surface area below the vesselequator (horizontal center line) and within a horizontal distance from the vertical centerof not less than 0.4 times the sphere diameter (see Figure 7).

3. Nozzles protecting the sphere surface shall be spaced such that the spray patterns justtouch horizontally and vertically.

4. All isolation valves on fill and withdrawal lines installed at the vessel bottom shall beenveloped by water spray.

5. The areas just below the point which cannot be covered by rundown from above due tointerference by the legs shall receive direct water spray to cover those portions (seeFigure 8). An alternate means of covering these areas may be provided as specified inSection 8.3.2.

6. Non-fireproofed vessel supports (legs) shall be protected by direct water spray.

8.3.5 Alternate Coverage Below Legs

1. As an alternate to direct supplemental spray below legs, a deflector may be fitted toredirect water.

2. Deflector shall collect water running down upper portion of legs and distribute it evenlyagainst shell below legs.

3. Deflector shall conform to Figure 9.

9. OTHER APPLICATIONS

1. Equipment or structures other than those discussed above may require protection.

2. System to protect such items shall be designed in accordance with NFPA standards.



Table 1Total Areas and Top Nozzle Flow Rates for Common Sphere Diameters

(Application Rate 0.25 gpm/ft2 )

Sphere Dia.(ft)

Total Area(ft2)

Max. Flow Rate From Top Nozzle(gpm) See Note 2

<20 See Note 1 Not Recommended 20 1,257 236 25 1,964 368 30 2,827 530 35 3,848 722 40 5,027 943 45 6,362 1,193 50 7,854 1,473 55 9,503 1,782 60 11,310 2,121<60 See Note 1 See Note 3

Notes:1. For spheres, the surface area is calculated as: Area = Π × D2 .2. Based on an application rate of 0.25 gpm/ft2 for a maximum of 75% of the total

surface area, except where noted.3. Calculate on basis of the required application rate for not more than 50% of the

sphere surface area.



Table 2Nozzle Sizes, Orifice Diameters, Flow Rates, and K Factors

NozzleSize (in)

OrificeDia. (in)

Min. FlowRate (gpm)

Max. FlowRate (gpm) K Factor

4 1.750 220 430 55.672.000 280 550 71.432.500 415 830 107.27

6 3.000 625 1,250 161.313.500 830 1,660 214.363.750 935 1,870 241.36

8 4.000 1,110 2,210 285.774.500 1,380 2,750 355.605.000 1,665 3,000* 429.15

* Note:Flows above 3,000 gpm are not recommended.



Figure 1Typical Internal Diaphragm Control Valve Schematic

Legend

1. Pressure switch, low air pressure. Used to initiate a fire alarm.2. Pressure gage.3. Pressure regulator, 45 psig outlet pressure.4. Restriction orifice, 3/32 inch.5. Restriction orifice, 1/8 inch.6. Pilot valve (fail open).7. Solenoid valve (manual reset) used for actuation from electronic fire

detection or remote switch.8. Manual actuation valve.9. Pressure switch, high water pressure, set at 20 psig. Used to alarm for

water flow.10. Remote manual actuation valve.11. 1 inch drain valve.12. Deluge valve, internal diaphragm operated, Cla-Val Co. Model 100, Viking

Co. Model H-1, or similar.13. Basket strainer.14. 3/4 inch drain valve.



Figure 2Typical Piston Operated Control Valve Schematic

Legend

1. Pressure switch, low air pressure. Used to initiate a fire alarm.2. Pressure gage.3. Pressure regulator, outlet pressure as required by valve operator.4. Restriction orifice, 3/32 inch.5. Manual mechanical over-ride.6. Piston operator, spring to open, air to close, fail open at 20 psig or less.7. Solenoid valve (manual reset) used for actuation from electronic fire

detection or remote switch.8. None9. Pressure switch, high water pressure, set at 20 psig. Used to alarm for

water flow.10. Remote manual actuation valve.11. 1 inch drain valve.12. Valve body, full port ball valve or butterfly type.13. Basket strainer.14. 3/4 inch drain valve.



Figure 3Spray Patterns of Adjacent Nozzles



Figure 4General Arrangement of Protection System



Figure 5Top Nozzle Details

2"

TAIL PIECE

STAND-OFF3/8" x 2" Flat Stock

Three Places.

ORIFICE PLATE

C of SphereL

C of SphereL

2"-0" Max.

SINGLE NOZZLE ARRANGEMENT

ALTERNATEMULTI-NOZZLE ARRANGEMENT



Figure 6AWeir Ring Mounting Location

Figure 6BWeir Detail



Figure 7Bottom Spray Coverage

SPHERECENTERLINE

APPROXIMATELY0.40 SPHERE DIAMETER

APPROXIMATELY0.40 SPHERE DIAMETER



Figure 8Supplemental Spray Below Legs



Figure 9Alternate Coverage Below Legs

Normas Texaco GEMS M-4D2 Design of Water Spray and Deluge Systems for Fire Protection

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Transcript of Normas Texaco GEMS M-4D2 Design of Water Spray and Deluge Systems for Fire Protection