Nonwovens Science and Technology Book

The book  covers  Introduction, Applications of Textiles in Agricultural and Horticultural, Technology of Non wovens (Thermal Bonding), Demands of Non wovens in Apparel Industry, Uses of Yarns in Geotextiles and Nonwoven, Applications of Aerogel in Textiles,Automotive Seat Belt Fabrics, Batt Formation in Nonwovens: Methods, Merits and Measures, Detailed Process of Spunbonded Fabrics from Recycled Plastics, Energy Saving Potentials in Thermal Nonwovens Processes, Jute Application in Geotextiles, Lyocell: A High Performance Fibre for Nonwovens, Manufacturing of Nonwoven composites from reclaimed fibres, Materials used in casual and sports wear textiles,Needlepunch Felts, Nonwoven interlinings in Apparels, Natural fibres in agrotextiles, Nonwovens in packaging, medical, agriculture and other fields,  Nonwoven industry (Carry Bags, Surgical Gown, Face Mask, Round Caps, Shoe Cover, Gloves), Nonwoven Fabric Production, Nonwovens for Medical Textiles, Protective Apparels Manufacture, Processing, Finishing Lines and Non wovens Machinery,  Seam Strength of Geotextiles,  Spunlace Nonwovens, Surgical Dresses (Doctor’s Dress), Technology of Absorbent Nonwovens, Nonwoven Carry Bags.

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COMPLETE TECHNOLOGY OF NON WOVENS FABRICS, CARRY BAGS, COMPOSITES, GEOTEXTILES, MEDICAL TEXTILES, FIBRES, FELTS, APPARELS, SPUNLACE AND ABSORBENT NON WOVEN

INTRODUCTION

ApplicationsHygieneMedicalFiltersGeotextilesOtherStaple  nonwovens

Spunlaid nonwovensAir-laid paperOtherBondingDisposabilityMedicalautomotive applicationsClothingPersonal care & HygieneHome furnishingsIndustrial/Military

APPLICATIONS OF TEXTILES IN AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL

Characteristics of agrotextilesBenefits of applying agrotextilesRaw material requirement for making agrotextiles Indian market scenario for potential agrotextilesTechniques of producing agrotextile productsWeaving and woven productKnittingNonwovensClassification of AgrotextilesAgrotextile products Agricultural applicationsHorticultural applicationsProtected AgricultureGreenhouseCharacteristics of greenhousesTypes of greenhouse structuresHoop houseThe archThe gableGreenhouse covering Protective screen fabricsShade clothSolar and thermal screensInsect screen

TECHNOLOGY OF NON WOVENS (THERMAL BONDING)

Calender Bonding Type of LoadingTop and bottom rollers at kept at an angle Top roller is made slightly convex

Thermo hydrein calender by Ramisch Kleinwefers'S' roll by Andritz KustersPreheatingArea Bonded NonwovensBonding with low melt fibre Calender Roller PressureBinder fibre concentrationTemperatureMaterial SpeedBase Fibre PropertiesTyre of binder fibreQuench RateSingle nip and double nipLow melt monocomponent fibresBicomponent fibresIslands in Sea bicomponentSegmented pie structure Thermal Bonded Cotton nonwovensArea BondedPoint bonded cotton nonwovens Point Bonded Nonwovens from syntheticsFibre OrientationBond point GeomentryProcess ParametersMechanism of BreakageMorphology of FibreComputer SimulationTesting ConditionsApplicationsBelt Calendering Embossed calender bonding Through Hot Air Bonding Struto Technology Air laying Fibre properties and process parameters ApplicationsApplicationsApplicationsRadiation Bonding

DEMANDS OF NON-WOVENS IN APPAREL INDUSTRY

Overview of nonwovensOfficial ISO and CEN definition of nonwovens Global market for nonwovensIndian market for nonwovens

Feasibility of nonwovens in apparel sector Practical applications of nonwoven in apparelsNonwovens for medical apparel

USES OF YARNS IN GEOTEXTILES AND NONWOVEN

GeotextilesClassification of geotextilesWoven geotextiles Knitted geotextilesNonwoven geotextilesYarn manufactureExtrusion of filaments, tapes and films Basic forms MonofilamentsMulti filaments (yarns)Tapes and weaving filmYarns prepared from filmsAdditivesPhysical propertiesRaw materialNatural fibres for geotextiles JuteFlax/coirCoconut (Coir) MattingCottonHempStrawComposite/synthetic materials for geotextiles Yarns made from high performance fibres KevlarTwaron and TechnoraApplication areasConcrete reinforcement Masonry reinforcementBlast mitigationGeotextiles

APPLICATIONS OF AEROGEL IN TEXTILES

Overview of aerogelPropertiesMethod of manufacturing Applications in textiles Insulating textiles Green building Aerogels in intelligent textile structures

Antibacterial textilesSilica Biopolymer hybrids for medical textiles Flame retardant textilesCarbon nanotube aerogels

AUTOMOTIVE SEAT BELT FABRICS

Literature surveyPe requisites of seat belt What are seat belts?Force acting on passenger during accident with and without seat belt Seat belt formationDefects in seat belts and their remediesExperimental work Raw material use Material used for warpMaterial used for weftMachine used for webbing seat belts warping machine Weaving machine (Needle loom)Processing Chemical used for nylon seat belt sample Results and discussion

BATT FORMATION IN NONWOVENS: METHODS, MERITS AND MEASURES

Merits and limitations of nonwovens against wovens Wet laid nonwovens Raw materialsMethod of manufactureProcess control measuresDry laid nonwovens Major raw materials Batt formationOpening and mixing Batt formation involving cardingParallel laying Card-crosslappingBatt uniformityContinuous volumetric feed Weight control Autoleveller Carding Production ratesFeed RollerCard clothing Dust removalCarding quality

Process control and maintenanceRandom CardProcess controlCrosslappingProfiling systemsWeb DraftingSpunbondingBatt manufactureMajor applicationsMeltblown nonwovenProcess Checkpoints

DETAILED PROCESS OF SPUNBONDED FABRICS FROM RECYCLED PLASTICS

Primary StudyPlastic nonwoven production by thermal  bonding using heated calendersExperimentMaterials tested, results and discussionOptimum Bond StrengthDetermination of the optimum conditions of production of technical nonwovens out of extrusion continuous filament yarns (before bonding)Independent variablesExperimental analysis

ENERGY SAVING POTENTIALS IN THERMAL NONWOVENS PROCESSES

JUTE APPLICATION IN GEOTEXTILES

Benefits of using jute geotextilesTypes of jute geotextilesOpen Meshjute generation Application areasWoven jute geotextile Application areasNonwoven jute geotextileApplication areas for jute geotextilesSoil erosion control Erosion control applications Agro plant mulchingReinforcementRiver & canal bank protectionWhere applicableWhy appliedProduct specificationRural roadpavement

Product specificationSeparationFiltration & drainageTechnical functionsLimitations of jue geotextile

LYOCELL: A HIGH PERFORMANCE FIBRE FOR NONWOVENS

Properties of LyocellCourtaulds Lyocell ProcessLyocell processingFabric propertiesSpun lacingNeedle punchingLatex bonding Air layingWet layingThermal bonding Finished product benefitsAdvantages of Lyocell nonwovens

MANUFACTURING OF NONWOVEN COMPOSITES FROM RECLAIMED FIBRES

Fibre and textile waste utilisationWhy composites materials ?MethodologyCollection of WasteRaw material preparationWeb formationChemical bonding processComposite development Hand laminating Resin injection techniquesHot press methodsFilament winding PultrusionConclusion

MATERIALS USED IN CASUAL AND SPORTS WEAR TEXTILES

Textile treatment with PCM microcapsulesFunction of textile structure with PCM Applications of textiles containing PCMsMedical textiles

Experimental Analysis MethodsMaterialsLower sensor (near the human body)Laboratory Testing Determination of fabric weight Determination of thermal  resistance Results and discussionEffect of different  concentrations of microcapsules on thermal resistance

NEEDLEPUNCH FELTS

Performance of heat resistant polymer fibresApplicationsCement clinker cooler plants GypsumLime kilnsProduction of insulating materials on mineral basis Construction industryCoal fired boilersHousehold waste incineration Waste incineration at clinics hospitals Properties of FibreCommercial heat resistant fibres TFA Toray Fluorofibers (America) Teflon Fratelli Testori

NONWOVEN INTERLININGS IN APPARETS

Interlining Interlining types Knitted Interlinings Nonwoven InterliningsWater Repellent Interlining Embroidery backings Hair Interlinings Fusing recommendations Machine check up Nonwoven fusible interlinings RandomParallelCrossCompositeFusing procedureFunctions of nonwoven interlinings Interlining fabric for shaping and support Nonwoven interlining for stabilising and/or stiffening

Nonwoven interlinings for providing bulkProperties of nonwoven interliningsFunctional elements of nonwoven interlinings

NATURAL FIBRES IN AGROTEXTILES

Need for agrotextilesProperties required for agrotextiles Type of agrotech products and their application arena Agrotextiles Fibres for agrotextilesComposition and properties of common naterial fibres used in agrotextiles JuteUse of jute in agricultural textilesArea wise applications of jute agrotextiles are given belowThe following are the coir based products used in agriculture Wool Use of wool in agricultural textiles Other natural fibres

NONWOVENS IN PACKAGING, MEDICAL, AGRICULTURE AND OTHER FIELDS

Application of nonwoven in agriculture and horticulture Application of nonwoven as crop cover fabric in agriculture Application of nonwoven as blanket fabric in agriculture Mulching fabric Application of nonwoven in greenhouse shading Nonwoven materials for home furnishing and furniture industryFurniture constructionBedding constructionNapkins and TableclothWallcover Application of nonwoven in protective clothingSpunlaced Nonwovens in Motor Sport Racing SuitsSpunlace Nonwovens in Fire Fighter Suits Nonwoven for military/police Spunlace nonwovens used in cooling technologyNonwoven in packaging Luxury packaging Food packaging Nonwoven in wiping productsKey requirements for wipes

NONWOVEN INDUSTRY (CARRY BAGS, SURGICAL GOWN, FACE MASK,

ROUND CAPS, SHOE COVER,GLOVES)

IntroductionPrinted Nonwoven Punch BagNonwoven Tote Bag W/ZipperFoldable Nonwoven Tote Bag SpecificationsFeatures of the Non Woven Shopping BagSpecificationsProducts ApplicationsPlant Economics of Nonwoven Indi Products (Carry Bags, Surgical Gown etc.)Plant & MachineryFixed CapitalRaw MaterialsTotal Working Capital/MonthTotal Capital InvestmentTurn Over/AnnumSuppliers of Plant and Equipments

NONWOVEN FABRIC PRODUCTION

IntroductionSome Prominent Products Made from Nonwovens Fully automatic nonwoven fabric production line detailProduction processProcess Flow ChartSpunbond Process Melt blown processWater jet ProcessPlant Economics of Spun bonded non woven fabric productionPlant & MachineryFixed CapitalRaw materials Total working capital/monthTotal capital investmentTurn over/AnnumSuppliers of Plant and equipments

NONWOVENS FOR MEDICAL TEXTILES

IntroductionFibers used CottonMedical Textiles

ViscoseWood PulpCotton LintersMedical TextilesImplantable Medical TextilesNon  implantable materials Extra Corporeal Devices Mechanical LungHealth Care TextilesProducts used for medical surgical dressingsWound care productsBandagesPressure Garments for Hypertrophic SkinGauzePlasterOther Dressings

PROTECTIVE APPARELS MANUFACTURE

Materials MethodClassificationFire protectionHeat and cold protectionMechanical impact protectionBallistic protective helmetBiological protectionElectrical protectionRadiation protectionNuclear Radiation ProtectionUV Radiation ProtectionApplicationsConclusion

PROCESSING, FINISHING LINES AND NON WOVENS MACHINERY

Major Line Components Continuous  Processing Lines and Finishing Systems for Loose Stock fibres, Tops and TowsDrying line for bleached and dyed fibres Raw wool scouring line Anti felt finishing line for wool tops Impregnation lines for tuffed and needle felt carpets Finishing Lines  for Woven and Knit Goods HT Steamset heatsetting line for tubular goods Latest  innovations from the textile division

Fleissner machinery for the nonwovens industryFleissner as system supplierFleissner Aquajet spunlace system for spunlacing of Nonwovens Large width lines Fleissner Leanjet for reduced production capacitiesFleissner Aquajet Lines for bonding and softening of spunbondsRoofing lines

SEAM STRENGTH OF GEOTEXTILES

Seam types, appurtenances & efficienciesGeotextileDetermining seam strength requirementExperimentalNonwovenSlit film wovenMonofilament wovenHigh strength PET wovenThreadsStitch densityResults and discussionWide width tensile strength of Geotextile Fabric Sample  NonwovenConclusion

SPUNIACE NONWOVENS

Bonding & finishing with chemical binders & chemicals Binding agents & binder dependent nonwovens characteristics Application methods Liquid binders & foamed binders Application of liquid binders Wet in wet applicationApplication of foamed binders Wet in wet foam application Curing of binders Binder migrationMigration is subject to various influences Chemical methodsPrinting, printbonding Gravure printing Round screensChemical finishing/dyeing Dyeing Chemical finishing Bonding of spunlace nonwovens by hot air

Thermofusion with hot air Heatsetting

SURGICAL DRESSES (DOCTOR'S DRESS)

IntroductionMarket PotentialProcess of ManufactureQuality Control and Standards Production Capacity (per annum)Motive Power Pollution Control Energy ConservationFinancial Aspects Fixed CapitalWorking Capital (per month)Total  Capital investment Machinery UtilisationFinancial AnalysisCost of Production (per year)Turnover (per year)

TECHNOLOGY OF ABSORBENT NONWOVENS

Definition of nonwovenHigh absorbent nonwovensRaw materialsAbsorption mechanismProduction process Suspension polymerisationSolution polymerisationIn-situ polymerisationIn situ process vs conventional process Conventional and formation from solutions polymerisationsPreparation of Monomer solutionCellulose fibresAir laidLimitationsConclusion

NONWOVEN CARRY BAGS

IntroductionPrinted Nonwoven Punch BagNonwoven Tote Bag W/Zipper

Foldable Nonwoven Tote bagSpecificationsNonwoven Shopping BagSpecificationsProducts Applications Market potential for the NW Automatic bagAssumption for this projectInvestment and profitability Analysis InvestmentNon woven Materials are used in numerous Applications including Fully Automatic Nonwoven Bag Making Machine Technical SpecificationsFully Automatic Multi functional Nonwoven Bag Making Machine Plant Economics of Non woven carry/shopping BagsFully Automatic Multi functional nonwoven Bag Making Machine Technical specificationsPlant & Machinery Fixed CapitalRaw MaterialsTotal working capital/MonthTotal capital investment Turn over/AnnumDetails of the Name of Supplier