Nonverbal Communication(Presentation)

8/13/2019 Nonverbal Communication(Presentation)

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Contents

1)Introduction of Non-Verbal Communication.2)Types of Non-Verbal Communication.

1.Appearance.2.Body Language.3.Silence, Space and Time.

3)Strategies for an Effective Non-Verbal Delivery.A.Postures.B.Gestures.C.Movement.D.Appearance.E.Facial Expression.


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Non-Verbal Communication

Nonverbal communication is the process of communication through sending and

receiving wordless (mostly Visual) cues between people. It is also seen as thenonlinguistic transmission of information through visual, auditory, tactile, and

kinesthetic channels. Nonverbal communication encompasses much more, such

as use of voice (paralanguage), gaze, touch, distance, time, and physical

environments or appearance. Messages sent through haptics, or gestures, facial

expressions and touch, or body language and posture, physical distance; and eye

contact, are all types of nonverbal communication. Even speech contains

nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, including voice quality, rate, pitch,

volume, and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as rhythm,

intonation, and stress etc. Written texts have nonverbal elements such ashandwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the physical layout of a page.

However, much of the study of nonverbal communication has focused on face-to-

face interaction, where it can be classified into three principal areas:

environmental conditions where communication takes place, physical

characteristics of the communicators, and behaviors of communicators during

interaction. Nonverbal communication involves the processes of encoding and

decoding. Encoding is the act of generating the information such as facial

expressions, gestures, and postures. Decoding is the interpretation of information

from received sensations from previous experiences. We use 38% verbalcommunication, 7% written communication and 55% nonverbal communication.

Types of Non-Verbal CommunicationThere are three main types of non-verbal communication:

1. Appearance.2. Body Language.3. Silence, time, and space.

1. Appearance:Appearance means nonverbal impressions that affect receiversattitudes toward

the verbal message even before they read or hear them. There are following two

types include in appearance:

Appearance of Written Message. Appearance of Oral Message.


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Appearance of Written Message

The appearance of envelopes for example the size, weight, postage etc. may

impress the receiver as important, routine, or junk mail. Telegrams,

mailgrams, express mail, and private courier mail also have distinctive envelopes

that have various important. The title page, kind of paper used, length, format,and neatness also communicate nonverbally. Finally, the language itself, aside

from its contents, communicates something about the sender.

Appearance of Oral Message

Whether you are speaking to one person face to face or to a group in a meeting,

personal appearance and the appearance of your surroundings convey nonverbal

stimuli that affect attitudes toward your spoken words.

A. Personal AppearancePersonal Appearance includes clothing, hairstyles, neatness, jewelry, cosmetics,

posture, and stature. These convey impressions regarding occupation, age,

nationality, social and economic level, job status and good or poor judgment,

depending on circumstances.

B. Appearance of SurroundingsAppearance of Surroundings include room size, location, furnishings, machines,

architecture, wall decorations, floor, lighting, windows, view, and other related

features wherever people communicate orally. Surroundings will vary accordingto status and according to country and culture.

2. Body LanguageBody language is also part of non-verbal communication. Body language includes

facial expressions, gestures, posture and movement, smell and touch, and sounds.

Facial expressions

The eyes and face are especially helpful means of communicating nonverbally.These can reveal hidden emotions, including anger, confusion, enthusiasm, fear,

joy, surprise, uncertainty, and others. Direct eye contact is considered desirable

when two people converse. The people whose eyes droop or shift away from the

listener is thought to be either shy or dishonest and untrustworthy.


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Postures

There are many different types of body positioning to portray certain postures,

including slouching, towering, legs spread, jaw thrust, shoulders forward, and arm

crossing. The posture or bodily stance exhibited by individuals communicates a

variety of messages whether good or bad. Posture can be used to determineparticipant's degree of attention or involvement.

When you stand straight and balance your weight on both feet, you give the

impression of complete control, of poise. Your outward appearance mirrors your

inner mood. Conversely, when draped over podium with your shoulders sagging,

you give the felling of depression, of lack of control.

Gestures and Movements

At a simplistic level any movement of the hands, arms, head, and shoulders are

defined as gestures. Deliberate movements and signals are an important way to

communicate meaning without words. Common gestures include raised fist, bye-

bye, and thumbs up, waving, pointing, and using fingers to indicate numeric

amounts. Gestures are used intentionally and serve a clear communicative

function. Every culture has their own set of gestures, some of which are unique

only to a specific culture. Very similar gestures can have very different meanings

across cultures.

Smell and Touch

Various smells and fragrances sometimes convey the emotion of the sender and

sometimes affect the reactions of the receiver, especially if the receiver is

sensitive to scents. Also touching people can communicate friendship, love,

approval, hated anger, or other feelings. A kiss on the cheek, pat on the shoulder,

or slap on the back is prompted by various emotions.

Voice and Sounds

Your voice quality and the extra sounds you make while speaking are also a part

of nonverbal communication called paralanguage. This includes factors such astone of voice, loudness, inflection and pitch. Consider the powerful effect that

tone of voice can have on the meaning of a sentence. When said in a strong tone

of voice, listeners might interpret approval and enthusiasm. The same words said

in a hesitant tone of voice might convey disapproval and a lack of interest.


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3. Silence, time, and space

Silence

Consider how you feel when you make an oral request that is met with silence or

think about the confusion you feel when your written message generates noresponse. For example you wrote a request to your supervisor for additional

funds for a project you are developing. If you receive no answer for several

weeks, what is your reaction? Do you assume that the answer is negative? Do you

wonder if your supervisor is merely very busy at the moment and hasnt been

able to answer your request? Do you think your supervisor is rude or considers

your request unworthy of an answer?

Time

Waiting when an important request is ignored causes problems and attitudechanges. In the preceding example, after the long silence, should you ask again?

Time is important in many ways. How do you feel when you are dept waiting two

hours after the scheduled time for an interview? Concepts of time, however, vary

across cultures and even in the United States. Americans, and Germans, for

example, are quite punctual. Middle Eastern business people think little of

arriving after an agreed upon time, not out of discourtesy but rather a feeling that

the task will be accomplished regardless of time. If you arrived on time for a

meeting in Portugal, your host might wonder why you came so early.

Space

If you step into an empty elevator, where do you stand? If the elevator then fills

up with people, where do you move? The need for personal space decreases as

the number of people increases. In the United States, the need for personal space

in a two person conversation is about 18 inches. The need for space is less in

many Middle Eastern countries and more in most Scandinavian countries.

Consider the common dance of the diplomats in which an American and a Saudi

Arabian fall into conversation. The Saudi takes step forward, the American edges

backward the Saudi advances, the American retreats. By the end of the

conversation, the American feels bullied, and the Saudi feels insulted.


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Strategies for an Effective Non-Verbal DeliveryThere are following strategies includes in effective nonverbal delivery:

A. Postures.B. Gestures.C. Movement.D. Appearance.E. Facial Expression.A.Postures

There are many different types of body positioning to portray certain postures,

including slouching, towering, legs spread, jaw thrust, shoulders forward, and arm

crossing. The posture or bodily stance exhibited by individuals communicates a

variety of messages whether good or bad. When you stand straight and balanceyour weight on both feet, you give the impression of complete control, of poise.

Your outward appearance mirrors yours inner mood. Conversely, when draped

over a podium with your shoulders sagging, you give the feeling of depression, of

lack of control. However, a casual posture may also be adapted to the audience.

When speaking to business conference of say 10 peoples you might sit on the

edge of a table or even address them from chair. Certainly a formal talk to 200

peoples would demand more formality in posture.

B.GesturesAny movement of hands, arms, head, shoulders are termed gestures. At a more

micro level there is an entire science of body movements called kinesics, of which

gestures are apart.

Emblems: Behavior that has direct verbal counterpart such as the thumb up-ward

for hitchhiking, the arm wave for hello or goodbye.

Illustrators:Here belong the gestures, usually the arm used to describe a circle, or

the finger pointing to emphasize a point.

Affect Displays:Speakers may use any of the primary emotional states usually via

facial expression, in which include happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise,

disgust, contempt, and interest etc.

Regulators: Speakers use body movements of their audience to search out

response t their message. Thus listeners may nod their heads, maintain eye

contact, shift their postures, incline their heads to hear better.


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Adapters: These are often the unintentional movements to a physical or

psychological state: scratching a nose, twisting pencil, smoothing ones hair.

To Emphasize:For example, the clenched fist emphasizes a point by either hitting

the palm of the hand or shaking it upright before an audience.

To Point:The index finger calls attention, indicating either location or directions.To Reject:A sample phrase accompanying this gesture would be Icant believe

the actions of our competitors. Here the hand may go to the side in an act of

rejection.

To Describe: Clearly, though your hands cannot give the precise picture of the

idea or thing you are speaking about, even an approximation of size is

worthwhile.

Vary Gestures: Using the same action repetitiously is boring to the audience and

suggests lack of creativity on your part.

C.MovementTaking a few steps during a presentation helps hold attention, as does any movingobject. There are times, however, when a lectern precludes extensive movement

other than short steps to its side. Yet move if possible for the following reasons:

Move t Hold Attention: At large sessions, lecterns restrict your movement. In

business meetings the audience may be smaller, thus permitting you to stand

behind a desk or table. Move more often from side to side rather than back and

forth. But do not move continuously, like a caged lion!

Move to Get Rid of Nervousness: A way of decreasing stage fright is to move

about, especially in the beginning of your talk. Even the manner in which youapproach the lectern tells something about you nonverbally. Are you slow and

plodding, or do you move with assurance, determination, enthusiasm? The latter

approach gives a confident feeling while decreasing some of your initial

nervousness.

Move to Suggest Transitions: Cues for transitions in writing include headings,

words, and numerical hints such as 1, 2, 3, or a, b, c. In your talk, you visually

supplement the oral words of transition by physically moving when making a

direction shift. The audience follows you more easily.

Move to Increase Emphasis: In writing we use exclamation points following

emphatic statements. In speaking a movement toward the audience,

accompanied by gesture, can imply you are stressing a point. Emphasis through

movement suggests idea importance and holds group attention.


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D.AppearanceOur choice of color, clothing, hairstyles and other factors affecting appearance

are also considered a means of nonverbal communication. Research on color

psychology has demonstrated that different colors can evoke different moods.

Appearance can also alter physiological reactions, judgments and interpretations.Just think of all the subtle judgments you quickly make about someone based on

his or her appearance. These first impressions are important, which is why

experts suggest that job seekers dress appropriately for interviews with potential

employers.

E.Facial ExpressionFacial expression could convey primary gestures. A smile or laugh suggests that

your topic interests you. A frown or glare may convey nonverbal impressions that

you are worried, angry, or perhaps ill at ease. You must not only feel but show

interest in your ideas. Sincerity is important. Facial expression includes eye

contact. Speakers who bury their head in their notes or who speak t the screen

behind them lose a sense of directness with the audience. Eye contact with your

listeners suggests respect and goodwill adding to a favorable impression of you as

a speaker.
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Nonverbal Communication(Presentation)

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