NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03 MICE International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment 1.Why...

NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03

MICE

International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

1. Why MICE? 2. Measurement

3. Prototyping

4. MICE at RAL

5. schedule


Why MICE?

Based on Muon collider ideas and development (Palmer et al, 92->), the Neutrino Factory concept (Geer, 1998) resonated in 1998 with the final demonstration of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations by the SuperK Collaboration.

International workshops:NUFACT 99 (Lyon, France)NUFACT 00 (Montery, California) NUFACT 01 (Tsukuba, Japan)NUFACT 02 (London, UK)NUFACT 03 (Columbia,NY,USA)NUFACT 04 (Osaka, Japan)NUFACT 05 (italy?)

Neutrino Factoryis the ultimate tool for study of Neutrino Oscillations-- unique source of high energy e

--reach/sensitivity better by order(s) of magnitude wrt other techniques (e.g. super-beams) for

** matter effects **

*** leptonic CP violation ***

**** e and ****

NB : leptonic CP violation is a key ingredient in the leading explanations for the mystery of the baryon-antibaryon asymmetry in our universe

e+ e

_


Where will this get us…

comparison of reach in the oscillationsright to left:present limit from the CHOOZ experiment, expected sensitivity from the MINOS experiment, CNGS (OPERA+ICARUS)0.75 MW JHF to super Kamiokande with an off-axis narrow-band beam, Superbeam: 4 MW CERN-SPL to a 400 kt water Cerenkov@ Fréjus (J-PARC phase II similar)Neutrino Factory with 40 kton large magnetic detector.

0.10 10 2.50 50 130

Mezzetto

X 5


NUFACTSuperbeam onlyBeta-beam only

Betabeam + superbeam

Upgrade 400kton-> 1 Mton

J-PARC HK540 kton?

3 sigma sensitivity of various options


Neutrino Factory studies and R&D

USA, Europe, Japan have each their scheme. Only one has been costed, US study II:

Neutrino Factory CAN be done…..but it is too expensive as is. Aim: ascertain challenges can be met + cut cost in half.

+ detector: MINOS * 10 = about 300 M€ or M$


Particle physicist: Q: Can a Neutrino Factory be built?

Accelerator physisicst: A: YES! (US study II, CERN)

but… it is expensive, and many ingredients have never been demonstrated!

R&D is needed. (est. 5yrs) to 1. reduce cost and 2. ascertain performance among critical items:

*** COOLING *** Cooling component development programme:MUCOOL collabration (US-Japan-UK)


IONIZATION COOLING

Difficulty: affordable prototype of cooling section only cools beam by 10%, while standard emittance measurements barely achieve this precision.Solution: measure the beam particle-by-particle

A delicate technology and integration problem Need to build a realistic prototype and verify that it works (i.e. cools a beam)Difficulties lay in particular in operating RF cavities in Mag. Field, interface with SC magnets and LH2 absorbers What performance can one get?

principle:

this will surely work..!

reality (simplified)

….maybe…

state-of-the-art particle physics instrumentation will test state-of-the-art accelerator technology.

RF Noise!!


MUTAC ( 14-15 jan 2003)(US) The committee remains convinced that this experiment, which is absolutely required tovalidate the concept of ionization cooling, and the R&D leading to it should be thehighest priority of the muon collaboration. Planning and design for the experiment haveadvanced dramatically(…)

EMCOG: (6 feb 2003) (Europe)(…)EMCOG was impressed by the quality of the experiment, which has been well studied, is well organized and well structured. The issue of ionization cooling is critical and this justifies the important effort that the experiment represents. EMCOG recommends very strongly a timely realization of MICE.

MUTAC: Muon Technical Advisory Committee (Helen Edwards, et al) (US)EMCOG: European Muon Coordination and Oversight Group (C. Wyss et al)

ECFA recommendations (September 2001:)


MICE is part of a international concerted effort of R&D towards a Neutrino Factory.It is one of the four priorities set up by EMCOG European Muon Coordination and Oversight Group

-- High intensity proton driver -- High power target-- high rep rate collection system (horns, solenoid)-- Ionization coolng demonstration

These will correspond to the workpackages of the ECFA/ESGARD superbeam/neutrino factory feasibility study * (package for detector R&D will be added!)

The contribution of experimenters in MICE is justified and necessary given the difficulty of the measurement.In addition it fulfills the ECFA recommendation to increase education in accelerator physics, and builds a community of people who would be able to understand and operate the real system


APEC design study (sub 2005)

SPL Superbeam Neutrino factoryThe ultimate tool for neutrino oscillations

Beta beam Very large underground labWater Cerenkov, Liq.ArgEURISOL

SPL physics workshop: 25-26 May 2004 at CERN CERN SPSC Cogne meeting sept. 2004

Superbeam/neutrino Factory design study (sub 2004)

EURISOL design study (sub 2004)

HIPPI


An International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE)

The aims of the international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment are:

To show that it is possible to design, engineer and build a section of cooling channel capable of giving the desired performance for a Neutrino Factory; To place it in a muon beam and measure its performance in a variety of modes of operation and beam conditions.

The MICE collaboration has designed an experiment where a section of an ionisation cooling channel is exposed to a muon beam and reduces its transverse emittance by 10% for muon momenta between 140 and 240 MeV/c.

The experiment has been called for, recommended and APPROVED….… conditional to proper funding and support.

Summary

The beam never lies

Under these same assumptions, ionization cooling of muons will be demonstrated by 2008


Incoming muon beam

Diffusers 1&2

Beam PIDTOF 0

CherenkovTOF 1

Trackers 1 & 2 measurement of emittance in and out

Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1,2,3

Downstreamparticle ID:

TOF 2 Cherenkov

Calorimeter

RF cavities 1 RF cavities 2

Spectrometer solenoid 1

Matching coils 1&2

Focus coils 1 Spectrometer solenoid 2

Coupling Coils 1&2

Focus coils 2 Focus coils 3Matching coils 1&2

10% cooling of 200 MeV/c muons requires ~ 20 MV of RF single particle measurements =>

measurement precision can be as good as out/ in ) = 10-3

never done before either….


Responsibilities as stated in proposal

(Hardware)

Belgium Downstream Cherenkov

Netherlands Magnetic probes and measurement

INFN Spectrometer solenoid, TOF detectors,Calorimeter, Tracker, DAQ

France Magnetic measurements

Switzerland Beam Solenoid (PSI), Trackerpossibly spectrometer solenoid contribution

CERN Refurbished RF power sources

(refurbished Cryogenics?)

UK Beam, Home and Infrastructure!Focus coils, Absorber, Tracker

Russia under discussions

Japan Absorbers tracker and possibly spectrometer solenoid contribution

USA RF cavities, coupling coil Absorbers tracker up-and downstream Cherenkov


Quantities to be measured in a cooling experiment

equilibrium emittance = 2.5 mm.radian

cooling effect at nominal inputemittance ~10%

curves for 23 MV, 3 full absorbers, particles on crest

Acceptance: beam of 5cm and 120 mrad rms


Emittance measurement

Each spectrometer measures 6 parameters per particle x y t x’ = dx/dz = Px/Pz y’ = dy/dz = Py/Pz t’ = dt/dz =E/Pz

Determines, for an ensemble (sample) of N particles, the moments:Averages <x> <y> etc… Second moments: variance(x) x

2 = < x2 - <x>2 > etc… covariance(x) xy = < x.y - <x><y> >

Covariance matrix

M = M =

2't

't'y2

'y

't'x2

'x

'tt2t

'yt2y

'xt'xy'xxxtxy2x

...............

............

............

............

............

2'y'xyx

D4

't'y'xytxD6

)Mdet(

)Mdet(

Evaluate emittance with: Compare Compare in in with with outout

Getting at e.g. Getting at e.g. x’t’x’t’ is essentially impossibleis essentially impossible with multiparticle bunch with multiparticle bunch measurements measurements


G4MICE simulation of Muon traversing MICE


requirements on spectrometer system:

1. must be sure particles considered are muons throughout 1.a reject incoming e, p, => TOF 2 stations 10 m flight with 70 ps resolution 1.b reject outgoing e => Cerenkov + Calorimeter 2. measure 6 particle parameters i.e. x,y,t, px/pz , py/pz , E/pz

3. measure widths and correlations … resolution in all parameters must be better than 10% of width at equilibrium emittance (correction less than 1%)

meas = true+

res = true [ 1+ (res/ true

)2 ] (n.b. these are r.m.s.!)

4. robust against noise from RF cavities

=>

Statistical precision 105 muons out/ in ) = 10-3 in ~ 1 hour Systematics!!!!


B

tracking in a solenoid:

Baseline tracker5 planes of scintillating fiber tracker with 3 double layers. passive detector + fastgood for RF noise

Very small fibers needed to reduce MSLittle light VLPC readout (D0 experience)


Pz resolution degrades at low pt :

RESULTS

TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM RESOLUTION OK

resolution in E/Pz is much better behaved

measurement rms is 4% of beam rms


Tracker R&D

Sci-fi: a prototype of 3 out of 5 stations (3 double planes each)Was bulit and tested at D0 test standAnalysis in progress.

The prototype

Fiber feed-throughsA ‘typical’ cosmic ray track


250 microns pads connected in 3 sets of strips

MICE tracker back-up option:TPC with GEM readout.

1st Prototype being built

difficulties:Long time constant RF photons on the GEMs?RF noise?


RF test setup – TPG in LinacIII at CERN

GEM DETECTORGEM DETECTOR

H.V. power supplyH.V. power supply L.V. power supplyL.V. power supply

detector to RF tanks ~30cm

Detector back to RF power supply ~1m


Zoomed signal55Fe pulse height: ~300mV

Noise: ~40mV!

signal

Fe55Noise with RF: no sign of effect on GEMS


measured dark currents

real background reduced by factorL/X0(H2) . L/X0(det)0.07 0.0026

Backgrounds

Dark current backgrounds measured on a 805 MHz cavity in magnetic field!with a 1mm scintillating fiber at d=O(1m)

Extrapolation to MICE (201 MHz):scale rates as (area.energy) X 100and apply above reduction factor 2 10-4

4 104 Hz/cm2 @ 8 MV/m @805 MHz0.8 kHz/cm2 per sci-fi 500 kHz/plane (gate is 20ns) ! within one order of magnitude !


RF cavity (800 MHz) at Fermilab being pushed to its limits (35 MV/m)to study dark current emission in magnetic field. Sees clear enhancement due to B field. Various diagnostics methods photographic paper, scintillating fibers Microscope ------ BCT and solid state counters have demonstrated this and allowed precise measurementsReal cavities will be equipped with Be windowsWhich do not show sign of being pitted contrary to Cu


Absorber/Coil Assembly

Absorber is interchangeable, can be repaired orchanged to solid absorber.

NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03Photogrammetry ~1000

points

Strain gages ~ 20 “points”

Shape measurement at FNAL

Pressure tests at NIU

LH2 Window R & D (IIT, NIU, ICAR)

Various shapes have been studied to --reduce thickness-- increase strength

-- Breaking point was measured!


Absorber II

Absorber body will be built at KEK

2 prototypes have been built

Third one according to Safety-compliant designsafety review 9-10 dec. 2003


RF module

MICE is foresen with 8 RF cavitiesClosed with Be windows(increase gradient / MW RF power)201 MHz

First cavity prototyped

Completion in 2004

RF power sources : Will be assembled from equipement refurbished from Berkeley, Los Alamos, CERN, RAL.Needed 8 MW peak power 23 MV acceleration Operation at LN2 foreseen to increase Volts / MW


Similarly to LiH2 absorber windows, the RF windows will be bell shaped tominimize thickness (800 MHz prototype -

First cavity shells have been produced


Site Proposed for MICE Plant

Proposed route for services

Alternative route for services

Proposed site for controls & control room (presently the cable store and under the ISIS control room).

Proposed new linac cooling plant room

INSTALLATION OF MICE at RAL


Beam line will include a 5m long5T solenoid from PSI (CH)


Hall has been emptied and preparations to host the experiment begun

H2

Storage unit

Ventilation duct

Radiationshieldingwall

H2

Buffer Tank

(1m3 approx)

H2 absorber

Vacuum jacket

Large amount of LiH2 from absorbers requires efficient storageSuggested solution: metallic hydride


- STEP I: spring 2006

STEP II: summer 2006

STEP III: winter 2007

STEP IV: spring 2007

STEP V: fall 2007

STEP VI: 2008


November 2001: Letter of Intent (LOI) submitted to PSI and RALJanuary 2002 Positive statements from PSI: cannot host experiment, will collaborate (beam

solenoid)March 2002: LOI reviewed at RAL June 2002: Review panel encouraged submission of a proposal.January 2003: Proposal submitted to RALFebruary 2003: EMCOG recommends timely realization of MICE May 2003: International Peer review Panel strongly

recommends October 2003: Director(CE) of RAL approves experiment

conditional to ‘gateways’… UK funding in the range of >~10 M£

December 9-10 Safety review to clear hydrogen safety design principle

… …

All seems very well!-- MICE found a home -- Host lab ans UK community enthusiastic

Next important steps:Funding has to be secured from the international partners:-- Japan ~OK-- US request to NSF -> decision early 2004-- request have or will be posted to CH, B, NL, Italy, CEA

New collaborators (esp. Accelerator physicists) welcome! NEUTRINO COMMUNITY SHOULD SUPPORT THIS LONG TERM

EFFORT!


Time Line

It will be timely (…and not too soon!) to have by then a design for a neutrino factory *), knowing the practical feasibility of ionization cooling

If all goes well and funding is adequate, Muon Ionization cooling will have been demonstrated and measured precisely by 2008

LHC/J-PARC start-up

At that time: MINOS and CNGS will have started and mesured m13

2 more precisely J-Parc-SK will be about to start (measurement) LHC will be about to give results as well

*) plans: proposal of a Neutrino factory feasibility study to EU (2004-2007) US Study III (2005 onwards)

NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03 MICE International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment 1.Why...

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