NitroEurope IPNitroEurope IP

Nitrogen and the European GHG balanceNitrogen and the European GHG balance

Sutton, Mark A., Jan Willem Erisman, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Claus Beier, Wim de Vries, Pierre Cellier, Francesca Cotrufo, Eiko Nemitz, Ute Skiba, Mark Theobald, Ulrike Dragosits, Claire Campbell, Marcel van Oijen, Bridget Emmett, Lucy Sheppard, David Fowler, Albert

Bleeker, Alex Vermeulen, Nicolas Bruggeman, Kim Pilegaard, Oene Oenema, Hans Kros, Jean-François Soussana, Günther Seufert, Adrian Leip, Peter Bergamaschi, Albrecht Neftel, Juerg Fuhrer, Jan K. Schjoerring, Per Gundersen, Annette Freibauer, Vincenzo Magliulo, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Timo Vesala, Jørgen E. Olesen, Bob Rees, Pete Smith, Jo Smith,

Michael Obersteiner, Andre van Amstel, Bogdan Chojnicki, Tuomas Laurila, László Horváth, Lars R. Hole, Jan Duyzer, John Moncrieff, Keith Smith, Riccardo Valentini, Volodymyr

Medinets, Leif Klemedtsson, Franco Miglietta, Zoltán Tuba, Oswald Van Cleemput, Michael Sommer, Per-Erik Jansson, Lech Ryszkowski, Lutz Breuer, Alistair Manning, Ulrich Dämmgen,

Josep Peñuelas, Peringe Grennfelt, Filip Moldan, Albert Tietema, Torben R. Christensen, Antonio Vallejo, Patrick Schleppi, Eva Boegh, Jari Liski and Zoltán Bozóki

and quite a few others….

Why care about nitrogen?Why care about nitrogen?

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Fert

iliz

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d N

OxWorld population milions

Agricul. surface milions haFertilizer TgrNOx emissions

Fertilizermanufacture

Atmospheric N2 fixed to reactive

nitrogen (NR)

NR

Crops for food &animal feed

NR

Nitrogen oxides(NOx)

Nitrous Oxide(N2O)

Ammonia(NH3)

Leached Nitrate (NO3

-)

Further emissionof NOx & N2O

carrying on the cascade

Livestock farming

Natural ecosystems

Ammonium nitrate in rain (NH4NO3)

Nitrate instreamwaters

The The Nitrogen Nitrogen CascadeCascade

Terrestrial Eutrophication & Soil Acidification

Aquatic Eutrophication

GHG balance

Particulate Matter

The Nitrogen ChallengeThe Nitrogen Challenge

• Multi-source agriculture, fossil fuel, natural

• Multi-pollutant N2O, NOx, NH3, aquatic NO3

-, aerosol etc• Multi-problem

GHG balance, biodiversity, water quality, human health

• Multi-receptorForests & other terrest. ecosystems, agriculture, rivers, stratosphere, urban, coastal & marine, humans

Can the scientific community handle it?

Land-atmosphere exchange of nitrogenLand-atmosphere exchange of nitrogen

Nitrogen community previously splitinto separated research efforts

Ammonia(NH3)

AerosolNH4NO3

Nitric Acid(HNO3)

Nitric oxide(NO)

Ozone(O3)

Nitrogen dioxide(NO2)

Wet depositionNH4

+ and NO3-

Volatile Organic Nitrogen (VON)

Particle Organic Nitrogen (PON)

Nitrous oxide(N2O)

Carbon dioxide(CO2)

Methane(CH4)

Net GHG

GRAMINAE NOFRETETE

GR

EE

NG

RA

SS

NitroEurope IPNitroEurope IPWhat is the effect of reactive nitrogen supply on the direction and magnitude of net greenhouse gas budgets for Europe?

Effect of N on the GHG balance:

GHG ? GHGN2O (+2’ from NH3, NO3

-)Cattle CH4 C uptake by plants

CH4 from wetlands SOM decomposition Nitrogen aerosol

NOxO3less primary production

NitroEuropeNitroEurope Overall Science StructureOverall Science Structure

Plus four supporting components: C7. Standards and Data Management C9: NEU Training C8. NEU Management C10: NEU Dissemination

C 3 NEU Plot Scale

ModellingC2 NEU Ecosystem

Manipulation

C1 NEU

Flux Network

C 4NEU Landscape

Analysis

C 5 NEU European

Integration

C 6 NEU Verification

Other EU & nationalactivities, including

CarboEurope IP

C 3 NEU Plot Scale

ModellingC2 NEU Ecosystem

Manipulation

C1 NEU

Flux Network

C2 NEU Ecosystem

Manipulation

C1 NEU

Flux Network

C 4NEU Landscape

Analysis

C 5 NEU European

Integration

C 4NEU Landscape

Analysis

C 5 NEU European

Integration

C 6 NEU Verification

Other EU & nationalactivities, including

CarboEurope IP

C1 Flux Networks•Methods development•Integrated air, plant and soil data•Process understanding

Linking Tasks and Delivery in NEULinking Tasks and Delivery in NEU

C2 Manipulation• Process testing• System responses to perturbation• Interactions between drivers

Linking Tasks and Delivery in NEULinking Tasks and Delivery in NEU

C3 Plot-scale modelling•Reconstruction of observations•Explanation of interactions•Prediction of future responses

DNDC

C4 Landscape analysis•Spatial interactions•Complexity•Management interactions•Abatement strategies

Nitrogen deposition

Linking Tasks and Delivery in NEULinking Tasks and Delivery in NEU

C5 European Integration•Upscaling•Improving input datasets•Ecosystem vs multi-sector models•Past changes and future scenarios

Grassland N2O emissionPASIM

C6: Verification•Independent data check•Uncertainty assessment•Protocol compliance•Revision of IPPC/UNECE values

Inverse model CH4 emission estimates

NitroEurope:NitroEurope:Flux network (C1)Flux network (C1)& Manipulation& Manipulationnetwork (C2)network (C2)

13 Super Sites 9 Regional Sites50 Inferential Sites

22 Core Manipulation Sites14 Assoc. Manipulation Sites

NN22O Hoeglwald NEU Level 3 siteO Hoeglwald NEU Level 3 site

NEU Level 3 site OensingenNEU Level 3 site Oensingen

Organic N

Inorganic N

NO/NO2-Exchange

N2O – Emissionand Uptake

NH3 – bidirectional exchange

Run Off with dissolved N2O, NO3

-

Export:Harvest (hay, silage)

Import:Fertilizer

N2 – Fixation

Bo

Ammonium (NH4+)

Nitrifikation Denitrifikation

NO N2O N2ONO

Nitrat (NO3-)

MolekularerStickstoff (N2)

Sauerstoff Wasser

DiffusiverTransport zurBodenoberfläche

Bodenoberfläche

N-content in applied manure

3 dynamic chambers for NO, NO2, O3

4 automated static chambers and campaigns with QCL-EC

15N isotopic labelling on6 subplots

Gradient fluxes with „Flairmonia

C, N content in yieldSoil profiles with

METT System

2 sucking candle installed with remote control

Investigation of possibilities to measure EC fluxes with PTR-MS

The NEU L1 DELTA NetworkThe NEU L1 DELTA Network

Examples of Examples of DELTA NHDELTA NHxx data data

from the UKfrom the UK

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-00

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-03

NH

3 (

ug m

-3)

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Aer

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4+ (

ug m

-3)

A: NH3

B: NH3'

A: Aerosol NH4+

B: Aerosol NH4+

Eskdalemuir

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TIA

-N u

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-3

NH3+NH4 EMEP

NH3+NH4 DELTA

NH3 DELTA

Bush, nr Edinburgh

NitroEurope Manipulation Network (NEU C2)NitroEurope Manipulation Network (NEU C2)

Sites and experiments

Arable

Forest

Shrub/wet

GrassN

H2O+N

NN & Temp

Cutting

H2O

H2O

CO2+N

Afforest+H2O

LU change

Drain peat

conversion

cultivation

H2O+N

cultivationT+H2O+CO2

T+H2O

T+H2O

Drain peatN form

T+H2O

N&P (CH4)

N&P (CH4)Grazing

T+H2O+CO2

CO2+N

T+NDraining/flooding

Draining/flooding

LU change

Croprotat.

The effect of N on the GHG balance …The effect of N on the GHG balance …

The effect of N on the GHG balance …The effect of N on the GHG balance …

Further informationFurther information

• See www.nitroeurope.eu• 2nd General Assembly Paestum, Italy (5-9 Feb 2006)• Project Office

– Stefan Reis, Joyce Luk– Email: neu@ceh.ac.uk