glass are optically flat and parallel to eliminate mstoCOdtlng to prevent reflections.

s. And both filter surfaces have a mu!ti-IayerNikon FiltersFilters are often thought of as mere accessories, but, in fact, they play an important role "suI}-stantially enriching various photographic effects.Light and its effect on film varies by the location (cities, beaches or mountains), the condmon 0 !heatmosphere (rain, clouds, haze or sun) and, of course, by the fight source itself (natural or a tal).Filters allow you to minimize the harsh, undesirable effects of light while controlling its 0 her e ementsto create strong pictorial effects.Since they are used in the light pathway, filters should have optically flat and parallel surfaces as wellas good spectrum absorption and minimal filter-ring distortion. High-quality lenses are more likely toclearly show any filter distortion that may e i t, so keep that in mind when choosing filters. For thesereasons, only Nikon filters should be used Wit .Nikkor and Nikon Series E lenses. All Nikon filters aresolid glass, with the exception of polarizing filters which are sandwich-type (two-piece) filters. Thespecial optical glass used in Nikon filters is grouod and polished to ensure that both surfaces of the

TABLE 1

Nikon Filters / Filter /Filtres/Filtros

varietyAs s n in Table 1 there are Nikon filters available or use with color and black-and-white film,colOr only, black-and-white film only and for g with a wavelength in the 300nm to 950nmrange i on offers such a wide variety because photographic needs vary. For example, a color-temperature converting fit er can balance the color temperature of the light and your film. Filters foriliac -and-wm e 1m a ter contrasts and tones to sui your purposes. Polarizing filters reduce theamount of light reflected from non-metallic surtaces Ii e glass and water. And ND (Neutral Density)filters limit the light entering the camera and are useful on bright, sunny days.

Filter lactor V·Film Type Designation Use

Daylight Tungstenlightlllack&while NeuIraI NC I

Has no effect on color balance (within the VISible tight spectrum), maklng It an Ideal lens protector. Features Nikon Integrated Coating (NICI toColor t reduce unfavorable light reflection. Can be usee as a generaliJUrpose liner, as there is no need to pertorm exposure compensation.

Skylight l18C I 1Reduces the bluish cast of coior shots taken In open sraoe. of distant landscapes etc . to produce a more natural effect. Also cuts haze 10 reveal more details

Black& whiteHasremarkabletilter stabohty FeaturesNiko" InlegraledCoating(NICI to reduceunlavorableIighl relleet>On

and color Eliminates mvisible uluavl~et light and haze but has no effect on visible light. Absorbs ultraviolet hght shorter than 370nm In wavelength andUltraviolet L37C 1 I orovioes sharp Images W1th high contrast. As there IS no need to worry about exposure compensation, both can be left on as a genera -use ' Z'

which doubles as a lens prmector. L37Cfealures Nlkon lnteqrated Coating (NIC) to reduce unlavorable light reflectionPrcvides lucid photographs by abso'blng uttraviotet Irght Has a wider absorpnon range and rnlercepls ultraviolet light snorter 'ha" ~ .,

Ultraviolet L 39 1 1 wavelength thus proouDng promrnenl ellects 10 btack-and-wrnte photcgraphy Note that use 01 trns nrter 10 ector phologra car -est. n

shghUy yetlowrsh lones

~ Light Y 44 1,5 (1/2) 1 Absorbsmoderateultraviolet. v,oIelandblueIighl. darkenrngskies andmaking cloudsstandOUI10 black-and-whnesnots Light yellow ISsunabtelor ourooor

Yellow Medium Y48 1.7f273) 1.2 (1/3)portraits as il producesmore nalurally.renderedskin tones. As Ihe filler factormoreases,Ihe colord~e~ tne ertecr becomesmorepronounced -

Deep Y52 2 (I) I 4 (1/2)Black& white Hasawider aosorpnon01green. blueandunravoiet ior grealer centrasllhan yellow hlters Accentuatesany subleetin whIChyellow. orangeor red predoo' ""05

Orange 056 35(1-5/6) 2 (1) Accents textures 01 trees. stone, sculpture. etc. f'.lso good lor aerophotography. distant scenes and mountain and landscape photography.

Red A60 B(3)CreatesIhemost strikrng contrasl 01allliliers. Brrngsoul distant scenesandemphasrzesred andorange Canbeused 'Ac-eatea nrghlllme ettect by

512-1/3) underexposing Also usedlor Inlrared pholography

Light XO 211) 17 (2I3) Absorbs ultrav,olet blueand red. eitherpartrall~or completely Tendsto absorb redand blueSIffillhaneously.sothe color tJaJan:.e01ihe subjecl must beconsrderedGreen carelully Reproouceseachcoiorwith almostIhesamebalance01light and shadeasseenbj the nakedeye.Su,table lor ponra "" mumcoloreosubjects 10

Deep X I 5{2-1/3) 3511-5/6} general TheX t hlter '5 usedunder tungslen Iighllo prevenl overemphaslZrngredareas01a subJ'!Cl

Soft 1 1 1 Soft t is a filter WIth a subtle soft-tone effect. Suitable when photos with less soft-tone effect are desired 0- a large portion is highlighted.II IS also SUitable lor close-up portraits.

Soft Soft 2 is a filter with a large soft-tone effect. Suitable when the subject or highlighted part is small, or ••!lei' a 'og e"eel IS desired tn drstant-

Soft 2scene photography. Both Soft I and Soft 2 produce a piclure with soft lIare without losing the original cnsp -one ~"te ••• -.age ~ - a beaut fuI

Special 1~ I fade tone in front of and behind the subject. Moreover. Ihe soft-tone ellect undergoes no change en If the lens IS stopped down, thus any

photography flstop can be utilized accordinq to yOur purposes.

[black &white Circular Circular Eliminatesvariousdegrees01rellecled tight Iromglass, water.I,1eandsmlar surfaces Uselullor pholographingthrough windowsor underwater.but notand color) Polarizing PolariZing 2-4 <-4 elleclive lor metalsurfacesbecausethepotanzanonISimpercepnbe Usable or both black-and-wh,teandcolorpholographybecauseiI doesnotalleet tints,

PolarIZingjl_ I (1-2) Can also eliminate light reflections from vapors or floating dust. For the AF camera, use a circular polarizing filter

NO?,S 2(1) 2(1) Subduesall colors unrlormly usennwren Ihe lens is usedat a largeaperture tommrmzedeptn 01heldor whenpholograp,""9 extremel, onghl suoects such as

NeutralNO4,

4(21 4(21light sources Canbeused with ••Iher black-and-whiteor color Iilm as the Itller itselt IScolorless

Density NO4,SNO8,S 8(3) 8(31NO4CO' 4CO(8.6} 4CO(8.6}

Light A2 I 2 (1/3)Usedw,lh daylight 111mtoaVOIdthe bluetingewhich ISlikely 10occurwhen photoqraphmq10 Ihe shade. in cloudy~ea!her or ncoors usmq Iighllrom a north

Amber Window in fair weather

Deep A 12 2 (I) Usedw,th color lilm balancedfor tungstenIrghlwhen shootmqoutdoorsin larrwealher Reducesblue tinge.Color Light 82 1.2 (1/3) Used With daylight IJlm to prevent the red-yellow cast which is characteristic of shots taken three hours or so belare sunset or atter sunrise

Blue Medium 88 16(213) Usedwith daylrghllilm andclear lIash bulbs10eliminateexcessivered-yellowcast Oilers grealer elleels Ihan82

Deep 812 2.2 (1,1/6) used with daylighlltlm 10avoidthe red-yellowcastcaused by usrnga pnoto-nooolamp Indoors-..

( )= I /stoo compensauon