Duncan Dornan, Senior Museums Manager, Glasgow Museums Glasgow Life – Glasgow Museums.
Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.
-
Upload
dustin-bennett -
Category
Documents
-
view
230 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.
![Page 1: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nick Bailey University of Glasgow
Employment, poverty and social exclusion
![Page 2: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Labour market & policy context• Long-term restructuring
– More unequal returns, increasing ‘flexibility’– Recession reinforced this – rise of underemployment and SE
• Policy– Minimum wage and tax credits BUT – Welfare reforms, sanctions AND – Absence of labour market regulation and curbs on unions
• Drives rise of in-work poverty (UK figs from HBAI)
– 52% of poor in work in 2011/12 [40% in 1996/7]– 61% of working age poor in work in 2011/12 [53% in 1996/7]
![Page 4: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1. Access to employment
![Page 5: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1. Access to employment
![Page 6: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2. Employment and poverty - UK17% 32%32%12%
![Page 7: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
2. In-work poverty – Scot vs RoUK
-2% -5%
![Page 8: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2. Poverty by hhld work intensity– Scot vs RoUK
![Page 9: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2. Employment and poverty• Factors raising risks of in-work poverty
– Hhld with children or single personx 2– Semi-/routine and lower supervisory occupations x 2.5– Work intensity less than 0.4 x 2.5– 12+ months unemp. in last five years x 3
• BUT for large minority of people, problem is NOT lack of access to employment– 46% of working age adults who are poor are in work [Scot = 45%]– 39% of working poor work 40+ hours a week [Scot = 31%]– 35% of working poor in hhlds with Work Intensity > 0.8 [Scot =
41%]
![Page 10: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
3. Employment, Health & Well-being
• Impacts of employment on health & WB– Status, identity, routine, structure– Material or economic resources– Quality of work• Physical demands, hazards• Psychosocial environment
• Two-way relationships
![Page 11: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
3. Employment, Health & Well-being
• Employment quality – sum of five scores (12 vars)– Satisfaction/sense of value (satisfaction, interesting, useful)
– Low stress (NOT stressful, NOT tight deadlines)
– Control/flexibility (task control, control start/finish, time-off)
– Good physical conditions (temperature, smoke/dust/noise, NOT physically demanding)
– Security (job secure)
![Page 12: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3. Employment, Health & Well-being
![Page 13: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
3. Employment, Health & Well-being
• People in lowest quintile for job quality have health/well-being no better than unemployed– After controlling for gender, age, physical health, income, deprivation,
occupation, education
• Not evidence of causal link but consistent with other work which shows such a link
• Poor quality work, like low paid work, does not lead to social inclusion
• Scotland has similar proportion of jobs of “low quality” – 21% c.w. 23% for RoUK [+/- 4% and 2% respectively]
![Page 14: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Inactive
Unemployed
Employed/Self-empd
Summary: Employment & social exclusion
![Page 15: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Inactive
Unemployed
Employed/Self-empd
8%
22%
% WA
Not working 29%
Summary: Employment & social exclusion
![Page 16: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Inactive
Unemployed
Employed/Self-empd
Poor(17%)
Poor (59%)
Poor (48%)
8%
22%
% empd % WA
Work+poor 17% 12%
Not working 29%
Summary: Employment & social exclusion
![Page 17: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Inactive
Unemployed
Employed/Self-empd
Poor
Poor quality
Poor
Poor
8%
22%
% empd % WA
Work+poor 17% 12%Work+poor qual 22% 16%
Not working 29%
Summary: Employment & social exclusion
![Page 18: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Inactive
Unemployed
Employed/Self-empd
Poor
Poor quality
Poor history
Poor
Poor
8%
22%
% empd % WA
Work+poor 17% 12%Work+poor qual 22% 16%Work+poor hstry 6% 4%
Not working 29%
Summary: Employment & social exclusion
![Page 19: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Inactive
Unemployed
Employed/Self-empd
Poor
Poor quality
Poor history
Poor
Poor
8%
22%
% empd % WA
Work+poor 17% 12%Work+poor qual 22% 16%Work+poor hstry 6% 4%
Exclusionary empltAny 1 36% 26%2+ 8% 5%
Not working 29%
Summary: Employment & social exclusion
Scotland32%7%
![Page 20: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Inactive
Unemployed
Employed/Self-empd
Poor
Poor quality
Poor history
Poor
Poor
8%
22%
% empd % WA
Work+poor 17% 12%Work+poor qual 22% 16%Work+poor hstry 6% 4%
Exclusionary empltAny 1 36% 26%2+ 8% 5%
ONE THIRD of those in exclusionary employment have made no progress in employment over last five years
Summary: Employment & social exclusion
![Page 21: Nick Bailey University of Glasgow Employment, poverty and social exclusion.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081505/5a4d1b617f8b9ab0599ad84a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
4. Conclusions: Britain’s broken labour market
• Need policy focus on “inclusionary employment” – Access to work – employment rates– Pay – Living Wage+, hours, underemployment– Stability/security – predictability, continuity– Quality – satisfaction, control, stress, physical– Progression