Design & Exclusion Principles History of Exclusion for ...
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2/25/21 1 Design & Exclusion Principles for Pests of Stored Grain Matt Frye, PhD NYS IPM Program [email protected] | @MateoFrye Photo: Ken Wise, NYS IPM Program 1 “we should have little trouble with vermin if our builders would hear and understand the ‘language’ of vermin and would do a better job in eliminating entrances and hiding places for them (Hartnack 1939).” History of Exclusion Hugo Hartnak, 1939 202 Common Household Pests 2 Pests and disease Contamination Structural damage Prevention! The Value of Design & Exclusion 3 Common insect pests of grains are very small Conflicts between ventilation and exclusion Structures not designed with exclusion in mind Exclusion can be expensive for large structures Changing a mindset is a major challenge! Challenges for the Grain Industry 4 Emphasis to date: -sanitation to remove food/infestations -protective pesticide applications before binning -protective pesticide applications after binning -cultural controls: temperature, humidity -monitoring to identify problems Pest Management in Stored Grain 5 1. Inspection 2. Prioritization 3. Tool & Material Selection 4. Implementation 5. Evaluation Design & Exclusion in Stored Grain 6
Transcript of Design & Exclusion Principles History of Exclusion for ...
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Design&ExclusionPrinciplesforPestsofStoredGrain
MattFrye,PhDNYSIPMProgram
[email protected]|@MateoFryePhoto:KenWise,NYSIPMProgram
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“weshouldhavelittletroublewithverminifourbuilderswouldhearandunderstandthe‘language’ofverminandwoulddoabetterjobineliminatingentrancesandhidingplacesforthem(Hartnack 1939).”
HistoryofExclusion
HugoHartnak,1939202CommonHouseholdPests
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PestsanddiseaseContamination
Structuraldamage
Prevention!
TheValueofDesign&Exclusion
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CommoninsectpestsofgrainsareverysmallConflictsbetweenventilationandexclusionStructuresnotdesignedwithexclusioninmindExclusioncanbeexpensiveforlargestructures
Changingamindsetisamajorchallenge!
ChallengesfortheGrainIndustry
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Emphasistodate:-sanitationtoremovefood/infestations-protectivepesticideapplicationsbeforebinning-protectivepesticideapplicationsafterbinning-culturalcontrols:temperature,humidity-monitoringtoidentifyproblems
PestManagementinStoredGrain
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1. Inspection2. Prioritization3. Tool&MaterialSelection4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
Design&ExclusioninStoredGrain
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1.InspectionAthoroughinspectioniskeytopestmanagement–Definesthescope/extentofpestproblems– Identifystructuraldeficiencies(entrypoints)– Identifypestspecies(specimensorevidence)– Identifysanitationorwaterissues–Establishestreatmentmethod–Determineswhatmaterialstouseandwhere
SituationalPestManagement:Stoy Hedges[PCTMagazine,NOV2015]
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1.Inspection:PestEvidence
Idealpestharborageisoutofsightandquiet
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1.Inspection:Identification
Effectivepestmanagementdependsonaccurateidentificationofthetargetpest
Providesinsightsaboutnestsites,seasonalactivity,foodsources,reproductivecapacity,foraginghabits…
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1.Inspection:LifeStage
adultmale:exteriorentrypoint
pup:nearbyindoornest
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1.Inspection:OpeningSize
gaps>1/4”
openings>3/8”
Micerodentbodiesareflexible,theirbonesarenotflexible.
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ExclusionPrinciples:OpeningSize
gaps>1/2”tall
openings>3/4”wide
Norway&RoofRats:
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Lessaccuracywithinsectentrypoints:bodynotrestrictedbyrigidbonesize(abletocompress)
OpeningSize
Geiger&Cox.2012.PestPreventionbyDesign:AuthoritativeGuidelinesforDesigningPestsOutofStructures.SanFranciscoDepartmentoftheEnvironment,SanFrancisco,CA.89pp.
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ExteriorInspections
ScientificCoaltionOnPestExclusion
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utilitypenetrations
ExteriorOpeningsstructuralgaps
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pullchain
Exterior:LoadingDocks
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Exterior:VegetationManagement
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Removevegetationwithin6to10feetofbuilding-reducesmoistureandpestharborage:cover,seeds,soilforburrowing,perchingsites-pruneornamentalplantstobevase-shaped
Exterior:VegetationManagement
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VegetationFreeZones~1inchdiameterstone2footwideband6inchesdeep
[inspectionpathway]
Exterior:VegetationManagement
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Airintakehandlers:assessfiltersandscreensExhaust:dispersingfoodmaterial?Accessdoors:oftenproppedopenPoolingwater?Birdroosts?
Exterior:RoofInspection
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Exterior:Lighting
Lightsareattractivetonight-flyinginsectsandtheirpredators(spiders).Avoidplacinglightsabovedoorsandotherareasofentry.
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Locationanddirectionoflights/lighting-whitelight>50feetfrombuilding-motionsensorlightingortimers-high-pressuresodiumvaporlightsonpoles
Consideringnight-timevisits:-assesslightprofileofthestructures-lookforwhitelightescapingfrombuilding
Exterior:Lighting
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Removefooditemsfrompreviousyeartopreventcontaminationofnewproduct.Sanitationshouldbecompletedbeforeexclusionisperformed.
Interior:Sanitation
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Unuseditemsprovideharborage&foodresidueClutterremovalispartofsanitationandexclusion
Interior:DecommissionedEquipment
ImagecourtesyofPatHottel,
TechnicalDirector,McCloudServices
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Drydebriscanclogfloordrains.Drainsthatdryoutofferharboragetorodentandinsectpests.
Interior:Drains
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Negativeairpressurepullsinsectsindoors.Buildingdesigncanalterairflowpatterns.Aircurtainscanlimitthepullfromnegativeaircurrents.
Interior:AirPressure
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1. Inspection2. Prioritization3. Tool&MaterialSelection4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
Design&ExclusioninStoredGrain
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2.Prioritization
CategorizePrioritize
ObserveLocate Recommend
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2.Prioritization1. trapfirsttoreducethepopulation2. sealnon-preferredentrypoints3. sealprimaryentrypoint
Forpersonalsafetyinstoragebins:exclusionshouldonlybeperformedwhenbinsareempty
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1. Inspection2. Prioritization3. Tool&MaterialSelection4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
Design&ExclusioninStoredGrain
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3.MaterialSelectionOpeningsize:whatpestcanenter?Pestpressure:actual;potentialEnvironment:highuse;exposuretoelementsMaterialdurability:whatpestsareexcluded?Permeability:isairflowneeded?Impeded?Expertiseofemployees
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Consideration:PestPressureEnvironmentandpestpressureinfluenceproductselectionandprioritization
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Consideration:MaterialDurabilityWeatherizationisnot rodentexclusion
Rodentsovercomeweatherizationmaterials:chew,push,climb&worktogether
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Considerations:PermeabilitySomespacesneedto“breathe”Moistureproblemsareanissueforgrains.However,exclusioncannotinterferewithaerationandsummercoolingofgrains.
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Considerations:PermeabilityVentilatorgrillsmustnotimpedeairflow
§ 18-guage,½inchmesh,galvanizedexpandedmetal
§ 16-guage,½inchmesh,galvanizedwirecloth
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1. Inspection2. Prioritization3. Tool&MaterialSelection4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
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WildlifeExclusionTechniquesthatWorkScottMcNeely,Sept2008
ToolsoftheTradeforExclusionServicesXcluder Rodent&PestDefense,July2017
NationalWildlifeControlOperatorsnwco.net/training-modules/exclusion/
4.ImplementationMaterials
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BasicExclusionOpeningslessthan1inch:anyonecandoit!-metalmeshfibers-elastomericsealantsSupplies:-gloves,scissors,probe,brush/vacuum-caulkgun,rags
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MetalMeshFibersStainlesssteelmetalmeshfibersareabrasiveforchewingrodents,donotrust
Before After43
Mustaccommodatebuildingmovement-“caulks”willdryandpullawayfromsurfaces-Sealantswithhighelastomericvalueremainflexibleandcreateatightseal
Sealants
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Instructionsandproductrecommendations45
IntermediateExclusion1to4inchopenings;doors:sometraining-hardwarecloth-doorsweeps&astragal(vertical)sealsSupplies:-gloves,drill,tinsnips,fasteners,level,measuringtape,straightedge,brush/vacuum…
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Woven,galvanizedhardwareclothisbestFastenersandsubstratematter
§ Usehex-headscrewswithwashers§ Staplegunsmaynotbeeffective§ Edges/cornerscanbegnawed
excluderats(1/2”)
excludemice(1/4”)
HardwareCloth
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DoorSweepsHighDensityBrushSweep-preventscrawlinginsects-canpreventmice
Rubber-EncasedSteelFabric-preventsinsects&rodents
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BrushSweepLimitations
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InstallationRequiresExperience
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Loadingdocksandgaragedoorsrequirecompressionsealsforatight,pest-prooffit
Roll-UpDoors
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AdvancedExclusion4+inchopenings,soffits/roofs,chimneys:exclusioncreww/constructionexpertise-masonry&associatedtools/supplies-carpentry&associatedtools/supplies-sheetmetal&associatedtools/suppliesSpecificationsinPestPreventionbyDesign
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PreventroostingornestingbehaviorSpecialSituations:BirdExclusion
ImagecourtesyofJoellenLampman,NYSIPMProgram,CornellUniversity
ImageCourtesyofCarlosA.Campabadal,KansasStateUniversity
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Coverventswithsieve,screenorcloththatpreventsinsectentryandallowsairflow(0.2mm)
SpecialSituations:GrainBinVents
ImageCourtesyofCarlosA.Campabadal,KansasStateUniversity
-checkonSOPschedule-removablescreens-vacuumaccumulateddebris-usebirdnettingifblockagesconsistent/poorsanitation
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SpecialSituations:GrainBinVents
ImagesCourtesyofDirkMaier,IowaStateUniversity
removeablescreen Downward-facingscreen
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Sealinactivevents§ Louveredvents,capsandcovers§ Reducesentranceofpest,moistureandheat
SpecialSituations:GrainBinVents
ImagesCourtesyofDirkMaier,ISUandCarlosCampabadal,KSU
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1. Inspection2. Prioritization3. Tool&MaterialSelection4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
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5.Evaluation&DocumentationWhatdidyoudoandwhere?Wasyourtreatmenteffective?Whatdoyouneedtodointhefuture?-repairandreplacematerialsasneededAnnualinspectionsatleasttwiceperyear:-Springtoassesswinterdamage-Falltoverifynonewentrypoints
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Usescreens;repairwhentornKeepdoorsclosed
HumanBehavior
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Resources
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ResourcesAReviewoftheImpactofArtificialLightonInvertebrateshttps://www.buglife.org.uk/advice-and-publications/publications/campaigns-and-reports/review-impact-artificial-lightBASFMasterBuildersSolutions:WatertightConcreteStructureshttp://www.master-builders-solutions.basf.us/en-us/functions-and-applications/waterproofing-and-sealingEscutcheonology 101.http://www.pctonline.com/article/-vertebrate-pests--escutcheonology-101/Exclusion:TheFutureofPestManagementhttp://www.pctonline.com/article/exclusion-the-future-of-pest-management/ExclusionModule:NationalWildlifeControlOperatorshttp://nwco.net/training-modules/exclusion/LightProfilingYourCustomer’sFacility– WhyBother?http://www.pctonline.com/article/pct0313-light-profile-customers/OfRodentsandDoorshttp://www.pctonline.com/article/pct0815-rodent-control-doors-holes/PCTGuidetoCommercialPestManagementhttp://store.pctonline.com/en/pct-guide-to-commercial-pest-management
Photo:KenWise,NYSIPMProgram
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ResourcesPestPreventionbyDesignhttps://sfenvironment.org/download/pest-prevention-by-design-guidelinesPestPrevention:StepsDesignersCanTakehttps://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-10/documents/pespwire_fall_2017_final_optimized.pdfPestProofingSmallHoles.http://www.pctonline.com/article/-vertebrate-pests--pest-proofing-small-holes/RecommendationsforSelectingandUsingCaulksandSealantsinPestManagementOperations:http://www.stoppests.org/stoppests/assets/File/Corrigan%20-%20Caulk%20and%20Sealant.pdfRodent-ProofConstructionsandExclusionMethodshttp://icwdm.org/handbook/rodents/RodentExclusion.aspToolsoftheTradeforExclusionhttp://www.pctonline.com/article/exclusion-services-tools-trade/WildlifeExclusionTechniquesthatWorkhttp://www.pctonline.com/article/-wildlife-control--wildlife-exclusion-techniques-that-work/UrbanEcologyandPestManagementhttps://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-02/documents/pespwire-2015-10.pdf
Photo:KenWise,NYSIPMProgram
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