06 december 2011 Comprehensive Approach in Support of State-building Symposium

Comprehensive Approach in Support of State-building

Symposium

International Education and Civilian Crisis Management Centre

Budapest, 06 December 2011

NEWSLETTER 05.12.2011

The Objective of the Symposiun

The main objective of the symposium is to contribute to the creation of the theoretical and

methodological background required for the realization of the “Second state-building expert

training program”. The first program of that type was organized in October – November 2009

as a pilot project (http://www.stbexp.eu/). The results provided sufficient experience and a

background for the creation of a concept to facilitate the further development of the program.

The concept involves and integrates into a unified system the main principles of changes in

the following three areas:

- Transformation of the structure of the program;

- Continuous harmonization of methodologies and skills development with changes in the

basic nature and contents of state-building missions undertaken by the International

Community;

- Placing the ICT (information and communication technology) support of training programs

on qualitatively new foundations.

The implementation of the concept will take place within the framework of a complex

research and development program, the name of which is identical with that of the

symposium. The organization of the symposium is the first step in the realization of this

program.

In accordance with the above, the presentations held within the framework of the symposium

are related to the following three topics:

a) The exploration of the possibilities, conditions, methodology and application of a

comprehensive approach in the field of state-building;

b) The exploration and analysis of the future of state-building and the possible changes in its

relationship with civilian crisis management operations;

c) The exploration of the ICT support needs of state-building activities and the demonstration

and formulation of the ICT support possibilities and basic principles of expert training and

practical expert work.

06 december 2011 Comprehensive Approach in Support of State-building Symposium

One of the main task of the symposium and of the complex research and development

program as well is the further development of the “basic principles of state-building”, which

provided the background for the methodology of the first training program these principles to

prepare the continuation of the program. After all, we have to prepare our experts to

implement these principles.

http://www.stbexp.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100:drnagy-karoly-a-

xxi-szazadi-allamepites-alapelvei&catid=46:publikaciok&Itemid=91&lang=en

We will initiate that the International Community undertaking state-building missions should

accept such principles based on a consensus. We also intend to include a scientifically

founded material for debate in our initiative (it will be a wide ranging international civil

initiative).

The presentations focus on the results achieved so far, the main research topics and research

directions, and on the methodological and technological possibilities involved. There are

twenty minutes for each presentation. After each presentation, there are five minutes to

answer the questions and respond to statements coming from the audience. Following the

Opening Ceremony a 10.00 am, six presentations will be held until lunch, which starts at 13.15

pm. The summarization and evaluation of the results of the symposium takes place between

13.00 and 13.15, carried out by the Chair.

Dr. Nagy Károly

www.stbexp.eu

Schedule

Chairman of the event: Prof. Dr. Zoltán Szenes, retired general, former Chief of Staff, professor at

Zrínyi Miklós National Defence University, Budapest

10.00 - 10.10 Welcome by: Dr. István Farkas, director general,

Adress by: Brigadier General Dr. József Tokovicz, director-general, Ministry of

National Defence, Defence Administration Office

10.10 - 10.35 Law enforcement experiences in state-building Brigadier General Dr. József

Boda, director-general, Special Service for National Security

10.35 - 11.00 An overview of historic and political circumstances of the creation and the

state building process in Kosovo) Ambassador Shkendije Sherifi, Embassy of

the Republic of Kosovo

11.00 - 11.25 Expert Dr. István Farkas, director-general, International Training and Civilian

Crisis Management Centre

11.25 - 11.45 Coffee break

06 december 2011 Comprehensive Approach in Support of State-building Symposium

11.45 -12.10 The necessities and opportunities of civilian-military cooperation within the

framework of a comprehensive approach Colonel Dr. László Keszely, deputy

director-general, Ministry of National Defence, Defence Administration Office

12.10 - 12.35 State-building without bloodshed Dr. Károly Nagy

12.35 - 13.00 Contending concepts of state in modern international relations theory Prof.

Dr. János Matus, Budapest College of Management, Department of International

Relations

13.00 – 13.15 Summary and evaluation of the results of the symposium Prof. Dr. Zoltán

Szenes

13.15 - Lunch

Organizing Comittee:

Horváth Zoltán Dr.Nagy Károly Bánáti Ferenc

INEX STÚDIÓ

The conference is organized by the:

TRIONES® INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

1997

TRIONES® TECHNOLÓGIAI INTÉZET

Sponsored by:

06 december 2011 Comprehensive Approach in Support of State-building Symposium

Location

The conference will take place at the

MoJLE International Training and Civilian Crisis Management Center

Auditorium, Building „D2”, 2nd floor

Address

1126 Budapest, Böszörményi str. 21.

MoJLE TRAINING AND CIVILIAN CRISIS MANAGEMENT CENTER

The International Training Centre (ITC) was established on 1 July, 1999 by the Ministry of Interior with the

primary goal to provide the International Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) and the Middle European Police

Academy (MEPA) with logistical and personal support, service and hosting. After Hungary joined the European

Union, the similar tasks arose concerning the European Police College (CEPOL). The other main activities of ITC

were the recruitment and training of candidates for peacekeeping and civilian crisis management missions.

At the same time, ITC was also responsible for organizing special courses, further trainings, language trainings,

conferences and seminars in Hungary and abroad. From 2005 ITC is an accredited adult education institution,

and in 2006 it became an accredited language examination centre.

Although the recruitment and training of candidates for peacekeeping and civilian crisis management missions

have been the task of ITC from the very beginning, this activity has become more and more complex during the

years. This process has lead to the reorganization of ITC, which operates as International Training and Civilian

Crisis Management Centre (ITCCMC) from 1 January, 2010 being a background institution of the Ministry of

Justice and Law Enforcement. In the new organizational structure the Hungarian national offices of the three

international academies are operating within the framework of International Training Department and the

Department of Civilian Crisis Management and Peace Support is responsible for all the activities relating to

peacekeeping. Division of Training and Coordination is in charge of mental-tactical trainings, language trainings,

trainings in forensic laboratory and vocational training exams.

Source: http://www.nokitc.hu/english/bemutatkozas.html

06 december 2011 Comprehensive Approach in Support of State-building Symposium

Abstracts

Jozsef Boda: Law enforcement experiences in state-building In the first part of the presentation, the focus is on the interpretation of the concepts involved through the use of the sources available. This is followed by a brief overview of the development of police peacekeeping, and then the study discusses experiences gained from various missions. The most important laws applying to this field along with other regulations related to the topic will also be introduced.The presentation explores the goals, tasks and main purpose of various international organizations (AU, OSCE, EU, NATO). The present governmental command and control system will be introduced as well. The paper also deals with the education system and personnel strength related to the topic.

In the last part of the article experiences gained abroad are discussed

Keywords: Law enforcement, state-building, international organizations, command and control system, education system.

Shkendije G. Sherifi: An overview of historic and political circumstances of the creation and the state building process in Kosovo

The historic and political circumstances that led to Kosovo’s independence entail an elongated and complex processes involving political as well as legal implications that even to date are subject of analyses by many scholars. However, given the factual reality, supported legally, a comprehensive approach that would support strengthening the new state, is very much needed.

Hence, the presentation will give an overview of the hictorical background, an analyses of the political events, UN administration of Kosovo and construction of the preconditions for the creation of the new state. It will discuss the highly intricated negotiation process over Kosovo’s final status and the declaration of independence, namely the emergence of the new state.

The new statehood demanded the international community to manage the consequences of this rather legitimate act by minimizing the disruption to the world public order while giving a great support that is crucial for the security of the Western Balkans and wider.

Kosovo's statehood is supported and recognised as well as denied by different states and actors. In this light, the paper will try to address the achievements of the new state as well as main challenges.

Keywords: conflict, intervention, statehood, independence, UN administration, legal implications, international community, world order, negotiation process, regional security.

Istvan Farkas: Expert

We’ve known for a long time that „knowing” and „doing” are not the same things. This is particularly valid if

one has to execute one’s tasks in risk zones or under the pressure of extreme stress. Those being deployed

under these circumstances not only have to be prepared, but also their personalities must be altered in order to

be able to operate within a new environment, regardless of the stress they are under. Essentially, this new way

of thinking means that preparation has to be planned and done not in terms of transmission of knowledge, but

based on the idiosynracies of human nature.

Keywords: stress, presonality development, self-recognition, competence, instinctive behaviour

06 december 2011 Comprehensive Approach in Support of State-building Symposium

Laszlo Keszely: Necessity and possibilities of civil-military interaction in terms of Comprehensive Approach

Modern crisis are characterized by complexity, therefore complex response is the single method, that can be deemed adequate. In such crisis situations actors of a multi-player crisis management are interdependent, so isolated efforts will not result in a success. There is no single international organization, or national sector, governmental, or nongovernmental organization, that possess all information, knowledge, personnel, equipment, logistics, money, IT background necessary to manage a complex crisis. Thus it is appropriate to enumerate and put into action all civil-military capabilities, eliminating superfluous and expensive duplication of efforts. This coherent and coordinated engagement of civil-military capabilities is called Comprehensive Approach (CA).

International organisations, like UN, NATO, EU deem CA to be the only possible way in the future in modern crisis management. Advantages of this way of thinking has been recognized by individual nations as well, so several countries apply CA at the national level, which is called “Whole of Government” Approach. Hungary has also made the first steps on this road. In spring 2011. Defence Administration Office of HU MOD held a nation-wide CA conference, and Hungarian governmental CA concept has been coming into shape these days.

Keywords: complex crisis management, Comprehensive Approach, Whole of Government Approach, civil-military capabilities, civil-military interaction,

Károly Nagy : State-building Without Bloodshed

Developments in the field of information communication technology (ICT) and the internet provide new opportunities for the International Community to intervene in processes taking place in failed states. In order to exploit the opportunities inherent in these processes, we need to transform the aid policies and related practices, control the efforts of the great powers directed at the creation of buffer zones or buffer states, and embrace a comprehensive approach. The role, feature and contents of the application of hard power changes as well. If the process of globalization, halted after 11 September 2011, gets a new impetus, we will have a realistic chance to re-vitalize failed states and regions. The source of this new impetus is the innovative potential coded in a new type of approach to state-building.

During his presentation, the speaker relies on arguments provided by other speakers prior to the symposium.

Keywords: globalization, information society, nation building, state-building, buffer state, aid economy, virtual worlds, cyber space, knowledge centre, virtual economic zone.

János Matus: Contending Concepts of State in Modern International Relations Theory

Political science and the practice of organization of states have accumulated a solid base of knowledge about the internal system of states. However, knowledge about the system of states - the international system - and the motives of state’s behaviour in the system, is scarcer. The most influential school of the theory of international relations, the political realism, has made a thorough investigation of the most dangerous aspect of state’s behaviour in the course of history: the inclination for conflict and war. Conclusions of political realism about the causes of conflict and war serve as a basis for security policies of states. According to the representatives of political realism the behaviour of states keeps causing conflicts in the international system, because they pursue national interests and get into argument and conflict with other states.

The other school of international relations theory, liberalism, has come to different conclusion regarding state behaviour, stating that states are more cooperative and less conflictive than political realists assumptions suggest. Liberalism is more complex theory than political realism. Three variations can be identified:

Democratic liberalism concentrates on the domestic political system of states and is preoccupied with the respect of basic human rights by governments.

Trade liberalism promotes free trade among states. It maintains that under the common impact of democracy and free trade a more peaceful and stable international system can be created.

06 december 2011 Comprehensive Approach in Support of State-building Symposium

Regulatory or institutional liberalism puts emphasis on the positive impact of international institutions on international peace and security. Liberalism attributes increasing importance to the role of non-state actors in the international system.

Political realism and liberalism differ from each other in substantial way in their preferences regarding capabilities of states. Political realism considers military power as the most important capability of a state. Liberalism’s preference is the economy.

Relationship between the international system and the states is an important issue of both schools. Political realism maintains that the systemic impacts on states are stronger than states’ impact on the system. That is why they pay less attention on the internal aspects of states. Liberalism considers this approach as one-sided.

Interesting differences can be identified between US and British scholars of international relations. US scholars emphasise interactions and mutual impacts of states in the international system, British scholars make one more step in the direction of more cooperation. They emphasize the readiness of states to agree on common rules which guide their cooperation.

Scholars of international relations theory have made an interesting effort in categorizing states such as: pre-modern, modern and post-modern states.

NEWS and Publications

27 Nov. 2011 Statement by NATO Secretary General on Afghan transition announcement

President Karzai has confirmed the second group of Afghan provinces, cities and districts to make the

transition to Afghan security lead. Over the coming months, Afghan security forces will progressively take

over lead responsibility for providing security in a further 18 areas.

This is another significant step towards our shared goal of an Afghanistan governed and secured by Afghans for

Afghans.

I congratulate the government and people of Afghanistan on this announcement. Together with the first phase

of transition, which was launched in July, this means that Afghan forces will soon be providing lead security for

over half the Afghan population.

Transition is firmly on track. It is driven by the determination of the Afghan people and sustained by the

courage of the Afghan National Security Forces and of ISAF. We will keep our commitment to training and

supporting the Afghan security forces throughout the transition process, and beyond.

Source and more: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-81BCBCE1-D1441FE0/natolive/news_81068.htm

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10 Nov. 2011 Working with the private sector to deter cyber attacks

In today’s world, life without computers is unimaginable. From personal gadgets to state infrastructure, the

prevalence of computers has changed almost everything about the world we live in. It has also generated

new threats to international security through the multiplication of often sophisticated cyber attacks. To help

resist and deter these threats, NATO has been working with some of the world’s biggest private cyber

security companies to share knowledge and experience.

As stated in the NATO Strategic Concept cyber attacks are one of the top three threats facing the Alliance. A

new cyber defence package, with a first tranche of €28 million, will enhance NATO's capabilities in 2012 to

monitor and react to cyber incidents with its networks; equipment will be modernized and reaction teams

upgraded. This will represent an important increase in NATO's investment in protecting its networks. The

06 december 2011 Comprehensive Approach in Support of State-building Symposium

Alliance is also working with private cyber security companies to strengthen its ability to support Allies in case

of cyber attacks

“As more people, computers and devices come online (there are approximately two billion people using the

Internet today), cyber threats have grown more sophisticated and cyber criminals have successfully gathered

sensitive data, disrupted critical operations or engage in other illegal activity such as fraud,”explains Dave De

Bie, a Technology Strategist at Microsoft.

Source and more: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-81BCBCE1-D1441FE0/natolive/news_80764.htm

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NATO After Libya The Atlantic Alliance in Austere Times - by NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen

www.ForeignAffairs.com

Source: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/opinions_75836.htm

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Libya: The Challenge of State Building and the Role of the International Community

On November 3, 2011, the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies and the Mortara Center for International

Studies welcomed Joseph Saba, Senior Adviser for international programs in conflict and fragile states (FCS)

at the World Bank, for a lecture entitled “Libya: The Challenge of State Building and the Role of the

International Community.” Saba’s extensive experience with the World Bank, his background in law, and his

unique relationship to the situation in Libya offered the audience an exclusive perspective on events that

have been seemingly covered from every angle by the media. Saba outlined the challenges and current

actions underway in the international development community, in the wake of lessons learned in Libya. He

argued that the prospects for political stability, economic recovery and state building in Libya will ultimately

turn on addressing popular grievances and building institutions and governance to provide citizens physical

and economic security, as well as justice and opportunities for better human development.

Source and more:http://mortara.georgetown.edu/251849.html

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Source and more:http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/world/july-dec11/libya2_10-18.html

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01 Dec. 2011 Statement by the North Atlantic Council in KFOR format on the situation in Kosovo

Today, we discussed the situation in Kosovo with our partners in KFOR.

NATO Allies and KFOR partners are deeply concerned about the recent developments in the northern part of

Kosovo, which we continue to monitor carefully. The use of violence against KFOR is unacceptable and we

deplore it. NATO and our KFOR partners welcome President Tadic’s statement of 29 November, which must be

06 december 2011 Comprehensive Approach in Support of State-building Symposium

followed by concrete actions. We urge all parties to exercise restraint and cooperate fully with all international

actors on the ground to ensure freedom of movement without delay.

NATO Allies and KFOR partners fully support Commander KFOR, as KFOR continues to act carefully, firmly and

impartially to contribute to the maintenance of freedom of movement and a safe and secure environment for

all people in Kosovo, in accordance with its United Nations mandate. NATO and our KFOR partners commend

KFOR’s coordination with EULEX in this regard.

NATO Allies and KFOR partners call on Belgrade and Pristina to continue their constructive participation to the

EU-facilitated dialogue. Source and more:http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-3EA4D5A0-A4DBA827/natolive/news_81493.htm

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Bonn Conference: NATO will not abandon Afghanistan

Source and more:http://www.isaf.nato.int/article/bonn-conference/index.php On 5 December some 90 delegations from across the globe will meet in Bonn, Germany, to discuss Afghanistan. The conference takes place exactly ten years after the first Bonn Conference which set the framework for the recreation of the Afghan state in 2001. I expect this second Bonn meeting to deliver a strong confirmation of support for Afghanistan, not just until 2014 when ISAF’s combat mission will come to an end, but afterwards as well.

This is important because even after the Afghan army and police have taken over control of the country’s security, Afghanistan will not be able to manage without help. After all, it is one of the world’s poorest countries - ravaged by thirty years of conflict which has destroyed infrastructure and institutions. So the international community will need to underwrite the costs of Afghan’s security, including funding its army and police. Afghanistan will also need substantial amounts of development support - it is a tragedy that 19% of Afghan children die before their fifth birthday.

The Bonn Conference will be the occasion for countries to agree that they will take on this burden. Once we have this broad agreement, there will be meetings in 2012 at which further details of this support can be worked out: including the NATO Summit meeting in Chicago in May which will be a key step in defining NATO’s partnership with Afghanistan beyond 2014 and how Afghan’s security costs will be met.

Fortunately, the costs the international community will need to meet will be a fraction of the costs we bear at the moment because of the presence of so many ISAF troops in Afghanistan. Nor will our commitment be open-ended: the US Geological Service estimates that Afghanistan has mineral reserves worth over $900 billion - work is underway to begin their exploitation.

So the Bonn Conference will be a chance for us to look forward to our long-term partnership with Afghanistan. But I hope that we will also take a moment to look back at what has been achieved since the first Bonn Conference ten years ago. Since then, GDP per head has risen from $180 to $530. Infrastructure improvements mean that Afghans can travel between cities at a quarter of the time it took in 2001. There is better access to electricity, to telecommunications, to education and to health services.

There is still a long way to go. But Afghanistan is moving in the right direction. We will not abandon Afghanistan after our combat troops leave. Bonn will be the time to make that clear.

Ambassador Simon Gass is the NATO Senior Civilian Representative in Afghanistan.

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06 december 2011 Comprehensive Approach in Support of State-building Symposium

Peace-building and state-building

Sweden will be a force for strengthening and improving work in the United Nations, as well as for strengthening

the ability of the international community as a whole to conduct peace-building and state-building operations

in different parts of the world. Afghanistan, Sudan and Somalia show the breadth of the challenges that must

be faced.

Source and more:http://www.regeringen.se/sb/d/10275/a/97814

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Comment

Ministry for Foreign Affairs 02 December 2011

Gunilla Carlsson, Minister for International Development Cooperation

Gunilla Carlsson, Minister for International Development Cooperation comments on the election in DRC Congo

"On Monday, presidential and parliamentary elections were held for the second time in the Democratic

Republic of the Congo. During the election preparations I was concerned to hear reports of violence between

supporters of various political camps, and between police and demonstrators. I am especially troubled by

reports of harassment towards members of the opposition and restrictions to their freedom of expression and

assembly," says Minister for International Development Cooperation Gunilla Carlsson.

"The EU team of election observers has noted considerable shortcomings in the handling of the process, which

has meant that some people have not had the opportunity to cast their vote. These shortcomings and their

causes should be investigated. Complaints about the process should be dealt with in a transparent manner by

the Congolese legal authorities. As noted by the EU election observers, it is regrettable that the election

authority has not managed to foster trust in the election process among the Congolese people. I am concerned

that this will lead to the voters not believing the election results, which are to be announced next week. I

strongly hope that the rest of the election process will be transparent and peaceful," says Ms Carlsson.

"Sweden is strongly committed to a peaceful and democratic development in the Democratic Republic of the

Congo. Through our development cooperation we are helping to strengthen the country's judicial system,

among other things, with the aim of breaking the pattern of impunity for sexual violence in the country. Prior to

the elections, Sweden helped to make national election monitoring possible through Congolese civil society,"

says Ms Carlsson.

Source and more:http://www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/14193/a/181894

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06 december 2011 Comprehensive Approach in Support of State-building Symposium

Press release

14 July 2011

Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Swedish election observers to Zambia

The Government decided today to make available ten observers ahead of the general elections due to take

place in Zambia at the end of September. Prior to this, the president is to dissolve parliament and call an

election.

"Election observers have the task of ensuring that the coming presidential and parliamentary elections in

Zambia are conducted in accordance with international standards. This action will be an important contribution

to reducing tension and increasing trust in the democratic process in the country," says Minister for

International Development Cooperation Gunilla Carlsson.

The decision to send election observers was taken following a request from the European Union.

Sida is responsible for the recruitment and training of Swedish election observers.

Source and more:

file:///C:/Users/knagy001/Documents/SWEDEN/Swedish%20election%20observers%20to%20Zambia.htm

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Sep 13 2011

Sweden supports election observation by parliamentarians from 12 SADC countries

20 parliamentarians from 12 different countries in the SADC region arrived in Zambia on 6 September to

observe the general elections taking place on 20 September.

The observation mission started out with a training on Zambia and Zambian politics, which was opened by the

Ambassador of Sweden Marie Andersson de Frutos. After the end of the training, observers will be deployed

around the country, starting from 10 September. The observers will stay in Zambia until 24 September. Sweden

is co-financing the observation mission together withInternational IDEA and the national parliaments of the

SADC region.

The observation mission is carried out through the SADC Parliamentary Forum(SADC-PF), an inter-

parliamentarian body consisting of 13 national parliaments. SADC-PF is an autonomous institution under

SADC. The mission to Zambia is led by parliamentarians Elifas Dingara from Namibia and Zeca Castro

Morgado (deputy) from Mozambique.

The purpose of election observation is to strengthen the integrity of the elections by noting and reporting on

potential irregularities such as fraud or election-related violence. Election observation can thus contribute to

the conduct of free, fair and credible elections. The observers will also provide recommendations to key

stakeholders such as the Election Commission and the future government which can serve to improve future

electoral processes.

Sweden has decided to support the SADC-PF election observation due to its unique composition of

parliamentarians from so many different countries in the region. The observers all possess great knowledge of

the regional context and of the processes surrounding the elections as they are politicians themselves. The fact

that the observers are parliamentarians will increase the leverage of their statements and recommendations.

Further, the observation mission will provide opportunities for the participating parliamentarians to build

06 december 2011 Comprehensive Approach in Support of State-building Symposium

competence in democracy and elections and thus strengthen the capacity of their national parliaments.For

more information, please contact Second Secretary Ola Pettersson.

Source and more: http://www.swedenabroad.com/News____109603.aspx?slaveid=129809

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Scandinavian Political Studies, Bind 21 (New Series) (1998) 4 Bo Rothstein: State Building and Capitalism: The Rise of the Swedish Bureaucracy Resumé

The purpose of this article is to answer the following question: When did Swedish bureaucracy arise? That is, to determine a point in time when the organizational technology that Weber called bureaucracy became dominant in the process of Swedish state formation, as well as when bureaucracy finally replaced the feudal form of government based on the authority of nobility and the hierarchical ties of individual loyalties. The importance of this question relates to the debate on the sequential logic of economic and political development. The change from an aristocratic/particularistic to a bureaucratic/universal state apparatus can be understood as a change from despotic to infrastructural state power. Most empirical material indicates that, in terms of institutional structure, the transition to a bureaucratic administration started in the 1850s. Contrary to what most Swedish historians have argued, the Swedish state remained feudal and particularistic all they way up to the mid-19th century. If any particular decade is key to this transformation, it would be the 1870s. By then the last of the noble privileges had disappeared, a uniform salary system had been introduced, and the various state apparatuses had begun reorganizing toward a higher level of efficiency and rationality.

Source and more: http://www.tidsskrift.dk/visning.jsp?markup=&print=no&id=99276

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