New TESTAMENT FOUNDATIONS
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New TESTAMENT FOUNDATIONS CLASS 15, Section 2 Pages 186-194
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New TESTAMENT FOUNDATIONS . CLASS 15, Section 2 Pages 186-194. New TESTAMENT FOUNDATION. CLASS NUMBER 15 SECTION TWO THE GOSPEL OF MARK The problems with the end of MARK. Was this really written by MARK or was it added on? Does it matter if it was added on? . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of New TESTAMENT FOUNDATIONS
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONS CLASS 15, Section 2 Pages 186-194
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONCLASS NUMBER 15SECTION TWOTHE GOSPEL OF MARK• The problems with the end of MARK. Was this really written by MARK or was it added on? • Does it matter if it was added on?
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FOUNDATIONS •MARK’s LAST CHAPTER• Many scholars believe that MARK 16 was intended to end at verse 8.• Jerome believed it.• Eusebius said it. • Is it true?
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FOUNDATIONS •WHERE WAS MARK?• EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA (AD 260-340). • Well respected and known throughout time as the FATHER OF EARLY CHURCH HISTORY.• He wrote “HISTORY OF THE EARLY CHURCH” (Pent-324).
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FOUNDATIONS •WHERE WAS MARK?• EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA (AD 260-340).• EUSEBIUS also authored some fascinating commentary on the book of Psalms and the prophet Isaiah.• He was very controversial and was excommunicated.
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FOUNDATIONS •WHERE WAS MARK?• EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA (AD 260-340).• Later re-instated, he still was rumored to have conflict with the NICAEA creed which was developed at the Council of Nicaea in 325. • He claimed Mark was in Rome when writing.
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• St. Jerome, who was born Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus, was the most learned of the Fathers of the Western Church.
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• He was born about the year 342 at Stridonius, a small town at the head of the Adriatic, near the episcopal city of Aquileia.St. Jerome
Doctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• His father, a Christian, instructed him well at home then sent him to Rome where the young man's teachers were the famous pagan grammarian Donatus and Victorinus, a rhetorician.
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• Jerome's native tongue was the Illyrian dialect, but at Rome he became fluent in Latin and Greek.
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• Yet in spite of the pagan and hedonistic influences around him, Jerome was baptized by Pope Liberius in 360. St. Jerome
Doctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• Early life quote - “It was my custom on Sundays to visit, with friends of my own age and tastes, the tombs of the martyrs and Apostles, going down into those
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARKsubterranean galleries whose walls on both sides preserve the relics of the dead.”
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• After three years at Rome, Jerome's intellectual curiosity led him to explore other parts of the world.
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• He visited his home and then, accompanied by his boyhood friend Bonosus, went to Aquileia, where he made friends among the monks, notably Rufinus.
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• Then he traveled to Treves, in Gaul. He now renounced all secular pursuits to dedicate himself wholeheartedly to God. St. Jerome
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• Eager to build up a religious library, he copied out St. Hilary's books and his commentaries on the Psalms, other literary and religious treasures.
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• He returned to Stridonius, and later settled in Aquileia. The bishop had cleared the church there of the plague of Arianism and had drawn many eminent men.
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• Still a man of unchecked lust, he writes of his self-imposed punishment:•“I many times imagined myself watching the dancing of Roman maidens…
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARKas if I had been in the midst of them. My face was pallid with fasting, yet my will felt the assaults of desire. In my cold body and my parched flesh,
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARKwhich seemed dead before its death, passion was still able to live. Alone with the enemy, I threw myself in spirit at the feet of Jesus,
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARKwatering them with my tears, and tamed my flesh by fasting whole weeks. I am not ashamed to disclose my temptations, though I grieve that I am not now what I then was."
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• Jerome added to these trials the study of Hebrew, a discipline which he hoped would help him in winning a victory over himself. St. Jerome
Doctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• Jerome speaks of his personal frustration: “I turned to this language of hissing and broken-winded words. What labor it cost me, St. Jerome
Doctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARKwhat difficulties I went through, how often I despaired and abandoned it and began again to learn, both I, who felt the burden,
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARKand they who lived with me, can bear witness. I thank our Lord that I now gather such sweet fruit from the bitter sowing of those studies.”
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• The church at Antioch was greatly disturbed at this time by party and doctrinal disputes and called on Jerome, the most learned of them, to give his opinions.St. Jerome
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• He wrote for guidance to Pope Damasus at Rome. Failing to receive an answer, he wrote again…
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• "On one side, the Arian fury rages, supported by the secular power; on the other side, the Church (at Antioch) is being divided into three parts, and each would draw me to itself.”
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• About 380, Jerome went to Constantinople to study the Scriptures under the Greek, Gregory of Nazianzus, then bishop of that city.
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• Two years later he went back to Rome with Paulinus of Antioch to attend a council which Pope Damasus was holding to deal with the Antioch schism.
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• Appointed secretary of the council, Jerome acquitted himself so well that, when it was over, Damasus kept him there as his own secretary.
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• At the Pope's request he prepared a revised text, based on the Greek, of the Latin New Testament, the current version of which had been disfigured.
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• “Wrong copying, clumsy correction, and careless interpolations.” • He also revised the Latin psalter. St. Jerome
Doctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• Christianity has spread primarily through Greek.• Syrian and Latin were the main languages of the world in 4th - 5th centuries. •384, Jerome completed the Gospels.
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• In 404, Jerome had completed his Latin Vulgate Bible. • Vulgate was a “Dynamic Equivalence” translation NOT a word-for-word or “Formal Equivocal”.
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK• With all his study Jerome did not feel that MARK continued past verse 8 of the 16th chapter.•This based upon earlier translations.
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONS •Jerome on MARK•That arguments over the last verses of Mark’s gospel were stern and steep does not discredit it but actually lends creed to its importance.
St. JeromeDoctor of the Church
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FOUNDATIONMARK, THE CONFLICTMARK 16:1-8
Now when the Sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene,
Mary the mother of James, and Salome bought spices, that they might come and anoint
Him.
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FOUNDATIONMARK, THE CONFLICTMARK 16:1-8
2 Very early in the morning, on the first day of the week, they
came to the tomb when the sun had risen. 3 And they said
among themselves,
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“Who will roll away the stone from the door of the tomb for
us?” 4 But when they looked up, they saw that the stone had been rolled away—for it was
very large.
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FOUNDATIONMARK, THE CONFLICTMARK 16:1-8
5 And entering the tomb, they saw a young man clothed in a long white robe sitting on the
right side; and they were alarmed.
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FOUNDATIONMARK, THE CONFLICTMARK 16:1-8
6 But he said to them, “Do not be alarmed. You seek Jesus of Nazareth, who was crucified. He is risen! He is not here.
See the place where they laid Him.
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FOUNDATIONMARK, THE CONFLICTMARK 16:1-8
7 But go, tell His disciples—and Peter—that He is going before you into Galilee; there you will see Him, as He said to you.”
8 So they went out quickly
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FOUNDATIONMARK, THE CONFLICTMARK 16:1-8
and fled from the tomb, for they trembled and were
amazed. And they said nothing to anyone, for they were afraid.
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FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:• There is no bad theology missing or introduced up to this point. • It is comparable to the gospel of Matthew and LUKE in theology.
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FOUNDATIONMARK, THE CONFLICTMARK 16:9-10
Now when He rose early on the first day of the week, He
appeared first to Mary Magdalene, out of whom He
had cast seven demons.
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FOUNDATIONMARK, THE CONFLICTMARK 16:9-10
10 She went and told those who had been with Him, as they
mourned and wept. 11 And when they heard that He was alive and had been seen by her,
they did not believe.
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FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:• This passage adds some important detail to the PURPOSES of Jesus’ ministry. • Jesus restored the voice credibility of women to testify of HIM.
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FOUNDATIONMARK, THE CONFLICTMARK 16:12-13
After that, He appeared in another form to two of them as they walked and went into the country.13 And they went and
told it to the rest, but they did not believe them either.
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FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:• Jesus restores the witness power of the OUTSIDERS who were not always with Him or as close to Him. • This is about the ministry of the HOLY SPIRIT among the CHURCH.
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FOUNDATIONMARK, THE CONFLICTMARK 16:14-18
Later He appeared to the eleven as they sat at the table;
and He rebuked their unbelief and hardness of
heart, because they did not believe those who had
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FOUNDATIONMARK, THE CONFLICTMARK 16:14-18
seen Him after He had risen. 15 And He said to
them, “Go into all the world and preach the gospel to every
creature.
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FOUNDATIONMARK, THE CONFLICTMARK 16:14-18
16 He who believes and is baptized will be saved; but he who does not believe will be
condemned. 17 And these signs will follow those who believe:
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FOUNDATIONMARK, THE CONFLICTMARK 16:14-18
In My name they will cast out demons; they will speak with
new tongues;18 they will take up serpents; and if they drink
anything deadly,
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it will by no means hurt them; they will lay hands on the sick,
and they will recover.”
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FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:• Jesus was still disciplining HIS DISCIPLES after the resurrection, and giving them the HOLY SPIRIT plan for the CHURCH and their future assignments.
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FOUNDATIONMARK, THE CONFLICTMARK 16:19-20
So then, after the Lord had spoken to them, He was
received up into heaven, and sat down at the right hand of
God.
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FOUNDATIONMARK, THE CONFLICTMARK 16:19-20
20 And they went out and preached everywhere, the Lord
working with them and confirming the word through
the accompanying signs. Amen.
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FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:• It may be that MARK did not author these last 9-20 verses. But I believe they are still scripture because they are consistent with all the teaching of the Bible.• The body of scripture WORKS TOGETHER.
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FOUNDATIONS CLASS 16, Section 2 Pages 198-203LUKE 1-4
