New technology for converting low grade heat into electricity
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New Technologies for Low-grade Heat Power
Engineering
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Novel technology for low-grade heat conversion into electricity
For thermal power plants: power capacity increase and co-generation by waste heat recycling
For geothermal power plants: Flexible deployment and better scalability of power capacity
For solar power stations: higher efficiency and lower BOM
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Introduction: Heat Conversion Idea
We reverse the “roulette wheel” of the gas cycle in hydraulic accumulators. To gain some more fluid power in each conversion cycle instead of losing it in conventional recuperative cycles in accumulators
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Core technology – Thermo-Pneumo-Hydraulic Conversion
(TPHC)
Novel heat engine based on hydraulic accumulators and heat exchangers:
Transformation of heat from any external source of energy directly into fluid power.
coldaccumulator
hotaccumulator
+dQ
-dQ
hydrosystem
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Core technology (for fluid power people)
COLD HOT
+dQ
-dQ
Hydrosystem
COLD HOT
+dQ
-dQ
Hydrosystem
COLD HOT
+dQ
-dQ
Hydrosystem
COLD HOT
+dQ
-dQ
Hydrosystem
stage 1stage 2
stage 3 stage 4
oil flow
hot gas flow
cold gas flow
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Heat exchanger
LiquidLiquid
Gas
COLD HOTC
ompr
essi
on
TPHC cycle put simple: Stroke 1
Total power in
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Heat exchanger
LiquidLiquid
GasGas
COLD HOT
Gas flow Gas flow
dQ1heat in
Gas transfer
TPHC cycle put simple : Stroke 2
Total power outHeat in
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Heat exchanger
Liquid
Liquid
Gas
COLD HOTE
xpansion
TPHC cycle put simple : Stroke 3
Total power out
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Heat exchanger
LiquidLiquid
GasGas
COLD HOT
Gas flow Gas flow
dQ2Heat out
Gas transfer
TPHC cycle put simple : Stroke 4
Total power inHeat out
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Competing technologies• Thermo-Electrical Conversion (TEC)• Evaporative cycle conversion:
– Water Rankine Cycle (WRC), – Water-Ammonia Rankine Cycle (Kalina cycle), – Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
• Stirling Cycle Engines
None of competing technologies offer a combination of:
• High efficiency in wide temperature range• High power density• Low installation and operation costs
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Key Competitive Advantages: Manufacturing and operation
• Simplicity of operation: one part always hot, another always cold (like external combustion engine)
• Simplicity of manufacturing: • Mostly standard and modified standard fluid
power components used• Low BOM: steel, nitrogen and oil are not in
deficiency, no need of scarce materials
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Key Competitive Advantages: Efficiency
• Low operational temperature gradient: 80 degree temperature difference between hot and cold media enough for operation
• Wide temperature range: coolant temperature from - 50 to +100 C
• High power density • Low energy transformation losses: Directly from
gas expansion into Fluid Power
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Competitive technologies comparison
advantages disadvantages
Water Rankene
high power capacity, reasonable efficiency
operable for T>450C, complexity of the system, bulky equipment, high cost
Water-Ammonia Rankene
higher efficiency (compare to WRC) higher complexity (compare to WRC)
Organic Rankene
higher efficiency (compare to WRC), operable for T<450C
each system is optimized for specific working temperatures, low power density
Thermo-Electric Conversion
compactness, direct conversion to electricity, very wide range of temperature differences for utilization, wide range of power capacity
low efficiency, high BOM, rare materials required
TPHC higher efficiency (compare to ORC), operable for 80C<T<350C, wide range of coolant temperatures, high power density, low BOM
unconventional technology, fluid power experience required for maintenance
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Efficiency estimate
Technology Tmax(Tmin) C Pmax/Pmin ηGAS ηtotal
TPHC 100 (15) 2 20% 15 %
TPHC 300 (15) 3 40% 32 %
ORC 120 (20) 13% 10 %
ORC 300 (30) 25% 20 %
TEC 100 (15) 3 %
TEC 300 (15) 8 %
Expected total efficiency of TPHC (our system) is much higher than that of TEC and comparable to that
of ORC at the same temperature differences
ηGAS – efficiency of gas cycle ηtotal – total efficiency
ORC – Organic Rankine Cycle, TEC – thermoelectric conversion
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Market estimate*
• Almost 250 quadrillion BTUs of low temperature energy is considered waste worldwide– Industrial sites (chemical, paper, food, etc – 76,000 sites)– Commercial buildings including schools and high rise –
200,000 sites– Other sites such as wastewater treatment plants (16,000)
• Geothermal recourses (only crustal heat) 7.5▪107 quad BTUs• Solar flux (reached the surface of the Earth ) about 105 TW
Potential market of waste heat conversion devices in the US only is a US$26Bln opportunity or over
US$75Bln worldwide.Adopted from http://www.smartstartvf.com/download.cfm/en_rotors.pdf?AssetID=260
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Current status of the Project
• Proof of concept achieved by testing a lab bench prototype of the heat engine
• Key performance parameters verified experimentally
• 7 PCT applications pending, 2 US patents, 3 Utility models (Germany), 6 Russian patents
• Validation pending in USA, Canada, China, Korea, Taiwan, India, UK, Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, Sweden, Finland
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Proof of concept: lab bench engine assembly
cold accumulator
hot accumulator
hot heat exchanger
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Pilot
Licensing
Pilot
Licensing
Pilot
Licensing
Pilot
Licensing
StrategyLa
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Who
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Tes
ting
diff
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t sc
ales
and
con
ditio
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ore
pate
nts
Round 1
App
licat
ions
Yet
mor
e pa
tent
s
Waste heat
industrial
Waste heat
industrial
Waste heat
industrial
Waste heat
commercial estate
Waste heat
commercial estate
Waste heat
commer-cial estate
Solar
Geotherm
Round 2
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Project Team
Leonid Sheshin - Project
Manager, 12 years of
experience in experimental
physics, 30 years – in electronic engineering, 7 years - in fluid
power
Dr. Igor Rozhdestvenskiy -
Business development
consultant, 20 years of experience in
theoretical physics, 6+ years experience in
tech startup consulting
Sergey Ryadnov - Chief System
Designer, 25 years of
experience in mechanical
engineering, 12 years - in fluid
power
Yurii Yavushkin - System
Tester, 40 years of experience in
mechanical engineering