NEW SMYNTHUR[, INCLUDING MYRMECOPHILOUS AND...

446 PS)’CITE. [November 896.

NEW SMYNTHUR[, INCLUDING MYRMECOPHILOUSAQUATIC SPECIES.

AND

BY JUSTUS WATSON FOLSOM CAMBRIDGE MASS.

Smyntkurus benitus, n. sp.

White everywhere, excepting ferruginousmottlings as specified below, which are absentin young and occasionally in adult specimens.Head free, capped with ferruginous patches,and covered with short, stiff bristles denser onthe front front with two ferruginous patcheswhich are elliptical, oblique and often unitedabove. Eyes absent. Antennae four-fifthsthe body in length, geniculate, segmentsnearly as I: 2: 3.5:9; basal segment verystout, naked second clavate, petiolate, three-whorled third cylindrical, four-whorledterminal segment (Plate IO, fig. 5)subpeti-olate, about ten-whorled, interrupted justbeyond the middle by three distinct subseg-ments, barrel-shaped and subequal. Bodyoval from above, anteriorly almost naked,posteriorly with short, recurred bristles,longer upon the small, rounded anal tubercleposterior of abdomen with a pair of broad,strbdorsal stripes composed of ferruginousmottlings; sides mottled with ferruginous.Ventral tube stout, emitting two roundedtubercles. Thoracic rings distinctly visible.Legs stout, bristly. Superior claws of fore-feet slender, well-curved, scarcely tapering;of mid-feet stout,twice the preceding in widthof hind feet also stout, but smaller and moretapering; all these unidentate on the middleof the inside. Inferior claws of fore-feet veryslender and tapering, exceeding the opposingclaws in length; of m.id-feet half as long asthe superior claws, stout, almost straight,obliquely truncate; of hind-feet similar tothe last, but smaller and more tapering.Tenent hairs absent. Furcula slender, ex-tending to mouth; manubrium exceedinganal tubercle, swollen ventrally; dentesscarcely tapering, with lateral and ventral

rows of stiff bristles at moderate intervals,an extra long ventral bristle beyond the baseand another before the apex of each dens;an apical, finger-like process external to thebase of each mucro; mucrones nine-tenthsdentes in length, slender, tapering, distinctlyserrate, with rounded apex. Maximumlength, .78 ram. Described from fifteentypes.

S, benitus is blind and myrmecophilous. Ifound it at Arlington, Mass., within a singledecaying log in swampy soil, along with acolony of ants of the genus Formica. It wascommon in early June and disappeared in,themiddle of August of the present year. Easilyrecognized by the terminal antennal seg-ment and absence of eyes.

S. benitus is quite distinct from any speciesyet described but must be placed near S. li-calus SchStt, of California.*

Smyngkurus socialis n. sp.

Lemon yellow, with three broad, longitu-dinal, broken-margined, maroon stripes: amedian dorsal and two lateral, the latter con-tinued across the head; all connected abovethe anal tubercle by a bro.d transverse band.Median stripe often absent and dorsum green-ish. Stripes rarely obsolete or broadeninguntil confluent. Head large, yellow, smoothelongate-ovate in side view, with short,white bristles, especially on the face; oralregion, often maroon; a spreading, lobedmark between the bases of the antennae.Eye spots very large, black, connected bya pale, pandurate swelling. Antennae of fe-males a little longer than the head, segments

* SchStt, Harald. Beitrige Kenntniss KalifornischerCollembola. Bih. Kon. Sven. Vet. Akad. Hand. Bd. 7,Afd. IV. No. 8, p. x3, Taf. II. figs. 2-S, 89t.

November 447

as 2 2.5:4.5 7 basal segment yellow, cylin-drical, twice as long as broad, almost naked;second yellow or purplish, cylindrical, almostnaked; third purple, cylindrical, subpetio-late, with four distant whorls; terminal seg-ment put’ple, tapering, blunt at apex, not

ringed, with eight or nine distant whorls ofmoderately long hairs behind the apex.Antennae of males show the following re-

markable sexual modification (fig. 4). Seg-ments as I: 1.5: I:2; basal segment cylin-drical, twice as" long as broad, and nearlytwice as broad as the other segments; secondpetiolate, sparsely hairy, bearing on thedistal half a row of three stout cylindricalprocesses, the proximal of which bears a long,falcate, chitinous hook, and the next a simi-lar, but small, hook; tlird segment contin-uing the row with three finger-like processes,the distal of lwhich is two-thirds and the

proximal one-third the length of the.segment,the remaining process being small; terminal

segment simp.ly shorter and stouter than inthe female.Body oval from above, with short bristles,

especially posteriorly; anal tubercle small,hemispherical, yellow, with longer bristlessternum white, swollen at base of manu-

brium; ventral tube stout, cylindrical,emitting two subpyriform processes. Legsstout, bristly, pale yellow excepting pur-ple apices of tibae. Superior claws of’fore and mid-feet (fig. x) unusually long,half as long as tibia, a little curved, clearlyunidentate beneath, two-fifths from apex, pur-ple internally; inferior claw half as long,purple at base, straight, slender, tapering,with a subapical bristle much exceeding theopposing claw. Superior claws of hind-feet

(fig. 3) two-thirds as long as those of fore-and mid-feet, stouter, smoothly curved andtapering, not dentate, purple basally infe-rior- claw two-thirds as long, white, broad,rounded-triangular, inner edge convex, outerstraight, near tle latter a stout rib prolongedas far again, as an apical bristle. A conspic-uous colorless space on the lower side of the

apex of each hind tibia. Tenent hairs absent

throughout. Furcula slender, mostly white,

attaining ventral tube; 1nanubrium exceed-ing anal tubercle; dentes three times as longventrally, swollen at base, with dorsal, lat-eral and ventral rows of close, stout bristles;mtmrones (fig. 2) four-fifths dentes in length,spoon-like, lanceolate laterally, broadly lan-ceolate from above, unsymmetrical, with

narrowly lanceolate, purple, apically pro-duced midrib fi’om which radiate stout ribs

to the inner serrate margin of the colorlesslimb and shorter weaker ribs to the oppo-site, entire margin.Maximum length, .65 ram. Described from

fifty types.found S. socialis abundant at Belmont and

Arlington, Mass., fl’om April 9 until Mayx4, 896" It is found on the surface of pondsand streams feeds upon Desmids and skipson the water in a lively manner, for whichpurpose the flrcula is peculiarly adapted.The antennae of the male, modified to ercir-cle and hold those of the female, are strik-

ingly like those of the European S. elegan-tulus Reut.* which SchStt, with apparentreason, considers a variety of S. malmgretNTull. In fact, socialis represents eleganlulusin this country but is different in the follow-

ing important respects among others socialishas distinctly unidentate superior claws andlanceolate mucrones with coarsely serrateinner and entire outer margin, with producedmidrib and without subapical incision;while elega,tulus* has naked superior clawsand elliptical mucrones with both marginsdentate, without produced midrib and witha subapical incision.

Smytkurus amlcus n. sp.

General color from rose pink to deep rose

purple or violet. Head free, with short,dense, deflexed bristles above the mouth.

Schitt, Hax,ald. Zur Systematik und VerbreitungPalaearctisci,er Collerabola. Kon. Sven. Vet. Akad. HandBd. 5, No. x, p. 35, Taf. II, figs. 2o, 2:, 26, x893.

448 PS’CItE. [November ,896.

Vertex sparsely bristly, with a median longi-tudinal purple stripe. A prominent blackpatch between the bases Of the antennae.Eye spots large, black, broadly surroundedby chrome yellow. Antennae purple, oftenyellow basally, three-fifths the body in length,segments about as 1. 5 3 5 basal segmentstout, almost naked; second twice as long. asbroad, sparsely hairy; third cylindrical, withfour whorls; terminal segment cylindrical’,not ringed, with seven or eight distantwhorls of hairs. Body from above elongate-ovate with a small reentering angle; bodysegments distinctly visible. Thorax with

intersegmental rows of small, pale yellowdots. Sides of abdomen with pale spotsoften round. Posterior dorsum with short,erect bristles Anal tubercle rounded, with

long deflexed bristles. Abdomen swollen atbase of furcula. Ventral tube stout, as longas a tibia, emitting two rounded tubercles.Legs stout, bristly, pale purple with yellow-ish patches. Superior claws (fig. 6), exceptof hind feet, remarkably long, as long as a

mucro, slender, tapering, little curved apic-ally, unidentate beneath, one-third fl’om apex,purple up to the tooth.; inferior clav less thanhalf as long, narrow, tapering, straight.Superior claws of hind feet (fig. 8) two-thirdsas long as those of the other feet, stout,smoothly tapering and well-curved through-out, not toothed; inferior clav half the lastin length, broad, rounded-triangular, inner

edge concave, outer convex, near the lattera stout rib continued into an apical bristle

longer than the claw itself. Tenent hairsabsent throughout. F’urcula reaching be-

yond the mouth, purple to almost white,segments ventrally as I:3.5:I. Manubrium

laterally oblong, almost naked; dentes withstout bristles longer and thicker apically;mucrones (fig. 7) spoon-like, elongate-ovatefrom above, unsymmetrical with a stout,lanceolate, purple midrib fl’om which radiatestout ribs to the inner coarsely serrated mar-

gin of the colorless limb and shorter weakerribs to the outer entire margin of the oppositeIimb.

Maximum length, .97 mm. Described fromfifty types.

S. ctmfcus occurred abundantly with S.socfalis, last described, to which it is closelyrelated, also having similar habits. hadthe good fortune frequently to observe theprobable copulation of both and was able toverify in most details the observations madeupon the allied European species by Reuter*and Levander.,

S. amicus appears to represent in thiscountry the European S. aqttalcus Bourl.,although it cannot be considered the samespecies. The body of amicus is quite differ-rent in form and markings, the superiorclaws of fore and mid feet are much longer,entirely different in shape:l: and clearly uni-dentate, the opposing inferior claws havingno subapical bristle, tenent hairs being absentwhile the mucrones have a differently shapedmidrib and margins coarsely serrate withinand entire without.

Smynthurus remotus, n. sp.

Bluish black. Head free, black, almostnaked. Eye spots black, broadlysur, oundedby yellow, especially within. Antennaeshort, two-fifths the body in length, stout,subclavate, segments as I:1.5:3:5; basalsegment as broad as long, black, naked;second clavate, petiolate, yellow, with a fewminute bristles; third subpetiolate, yellow,with few such bristles; terminal segmentsubclavate, blunt, black, untinged, with manyclose whorls of moderate bristles. Bodydistinctly segmented, from above smoothlyoval, posteriorly with scattered minutebristles, sides with several rows of pale, cir-cular spots anal tubercle visible from above,small, rounded, distinctly of two segmentswith longer bristles. Ventral tube stout;

Reuter, O. M. Sur l’accouplement chezodeux esp6ces de

l’ordre des Collemboles. Ent. Tidsk. Arg. p. x5q. x88o.

,Levander, K. M. Einige biologische beobachtungeniiber Sminthurus apicalis Reuter. Act. Soc. p. Fauna et

Flora Fenn. IX, 9, x8q4.

,.Sch[Stt. Zur. Syst etc., p. 36, 37, Taf. II, figs. 22-25.

November 896.] .PSYCHE. 449

processes three times its length, cylindrical,not papillate, truncate. Legs short, stout,yellow, black bas.’tlly, wLth short, sparsebristles, claws small, stout. Superi,)r clawblunt, with straight, untoothed inner edge;inferior claw two-thirds as long, broadlytriangular, untoothed. Tenent hairs two.Eurculashort and stout; manubrium short.almost naked; mucrones with a few shortbristles in lateral and ventral rows, also a

long ventral bristle beyond the base and a

second before the apex; mucrones one thirddentes in length, long triangular, apex down-bent but not hooked, ventral margins usuallyentire, rarely with a few minute teeth nearthe base only.Maximum length .7,5 mm. Described from

ten types.S. remotus occurred duriug last May at

Belmont, Mass., on dead logs in a peat bog.Its nearest allies are S. nier Lubb. andS. rainutus MacG.

Smynthurus fitckii, n. sp.

Pale, translucent yellowish-green. Tilecontents of the alimentary canal, whichshow through the skin, give the appearanceof a large, blackish, backward pointing tri-

angle, extending the length of the dorsum.Body in largest specimens dusky throughoutwith large, pale, rounded spots laterally.Head free, pale green, with stout, white,curving bristles. Eye spots black, oftenpyriform. Antennae over half the length ofthe body, purplish, paler at base, geniculate,segments as 3:6: 16, cylindrical; basalsegment short, stout, almost naked; secondsparsely bristly; third more bristly termi-nal segment with seventeen or eighteen dis-tinct subsegments, each with a whorl ofmoderate bristles. Body oval from above,sometimes strongly angulated behind, withstout recurved bristles denser behind, eachoften arising from a pale, circular spot; analtubercle distinctly of two segments, palegreen, bristly. Sternum posteriorly with

many small, rounded, white spots, closely in

four groups. Ventral tube stoutly cylindricalprocesses almost as-long as the antennae,cylindrical, densely papillate except basally.Legs pale green, bristly, hind claws largest.Superior claws spoon-like; outline, whenviewing the concave surface, broadly oblongwith rounded apex and a long tooth on themiddle of either side; outline in side viewfinger-shaped. Inferior claws, except hindpair, perfectly distinct, as long as the op-posing claws, straight, slender, acuminate,with a projecting angle on the inside nearthe base; hind pair two-thirds the opposingin length, broadl,y triangular with straightexternal edge and obtuse internal angle,the l’atter bearing a stout tooth. Tibiaeapically with two or three long, unknobbedhairs. Furcula pale green, reaching beyondventral tube; manubrium short, stout, notswollen, with short bristles; denies eachwith three long ventral bristles, also ventraland lateral rows of short bristles, eight in a

row, not half as long as the width of a dens;mucrones spoon-like, spattfiate, crenate oninner edge, in side view tapering and withapex down, bent and obliquely truncate.Maximum length, 2.2 ram. Described from

thirty types.found this species common after a rain

on dead sticks in pine woods at Arlington,Mass., Aug. 19, I892. Two days later fewcould be found. It is nearest to S. @inatusMacG. but differs notably in markings, clawsand furcula. I tak’e plea’sure in dedicatingS.fltckii to the first careful student of NorthAmerican Thysanura.

Smynthurus hens n. sp.

Orange. Dorsum dusky in large speci-mens. Head free, moderately clothed with

short, stiff bristles. Eye spots black, a largebuff spot against the inner side of each anda small, black, ocellus-llke spot in front ofand between them. Face strongly gibbousabove the mouth. Antennae three-fifths thbody in length, outer half blackish, segmentsas 1:2:3:6; basal segment stout, naked;

Psyche, Vol. 7, I896. Plate o.

4

6 7 8

FOLSO SMYNTHURI.

450 PS YCtt.E. [November i896.

second subclavate, petiolate, sparsely bristlythird cylindrical, bristly; terminal segmentsubpetiolate, rather blunt, unringed, withaboat ten separated whorls of bristles. Bodyovate fl’om above, anteriorly almost naked,posteriorly with short, sparse bristles; analtubercle small, bristly, compose,d of two seg-ments. Both the ventral tube and its pro-cesses are cylindrical and stout. Legs stout,b,istly; tibio-tarsal articulation constricted.Superior claw finger-shaped, almost straight,not dentate inferior claw two thirds as long,triangular with straight outer edge. Tenenthairs two. Furcula short and stout; manuobvium not exceeding the anal tubercle,sparsely bristly; dentes scarcely tapering,wtth lateral and ventral rows of separatedbristles; tnucrones two-thirds dentes inlength, long-triangular vith entire marginsand rounded apices.Maximum length, . mm. Described

from ten types.I found this uncommon species, especially

under the bark of dead oak logs, at Arling-

ton, Mass., this year, from March 26 untilApr.l t2, inclusive. With pleasure I nameit after Mr. Samuel Henshaw.Types of all the above species have been

given to the Museum of Comparative Zo61-ogy at Cambridge, Mass.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE xo.

Fig. I. Smyntkurus socialis, fore foot, x

472Fig. 2. Smyntkurussocialis, rnucro, x 472.Fig. 3. hind toot,

472Fig. 4. Smyntkurus socialis, modified

male antenna, x 171.Fig. 5" Smynlkurus benitus, terminal an-

tennal segment, x I6.Fig. 6. Smyntkurus amlcus, fore foot, x

353.Fig. 7. Smyngkurus amicus, mucro, x 353.Fig. 8. hind foot, x

353.

PARTIAL LIFE-HISTORY OF HALISIDOTA CINCTIPES GROTE.

BY HARRISON G. DYAR NEW YORK N. Y.

.Larva a large Halisidota, like tesselaris,

but dark brown or silver gray brown withall the hair tufts white. Feeding on sea-

grape, Lake Worth, Florida.I assume eight stages, though some of

them may be omitted in the actual ontogony.Stae IV. Skin orange brownish, a black

subdorsal shade on joints 5 to II, connecteddorsally at the ends and most pronouncedthere (5 and II) tubercles to iii black on

5 and II, elsewhere the warts are brownish.Head round, shining black over apex, brownbelow, labrum bright white; width 1. 3 ram.

Hair short, thin, white, with a few blackones, especially on the dark marks and on

joints5 and II; a short, yellowish subdorsal

pencil on joints 4 and 12; a few longer palehairs at the anterior end. Wart iv absenton the abdomen, leg plate shining; twowarts on joints 3 and 4 above the stigmatalwart, one below it; joint 2 considerably re-tracted. The subdorsal pencil on joint 4arises from tubercle on joint 2 from iii.

Stage VII. Head red-brown, a littleblackish immediately above "the white line

on labrum and the white bases of the anten-nae; width 3..5 ram. Hair thinner than inthe following stage, the color of the skinvisible, violaceous brown with black dorsalshade and spiracular marks or blackish gray,shading darker stigmatieally. Hair brownvarying from violaceous brown to chocolate

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