NEW SEMI_topicEC

8/9/2019 NEW SEMI_topicEC

1/12

CIPHER

2010

NEW SEMINAR

TOPICS FOR

ELECTRONICSINDIA

RAJMAL MENARIYA

I N D I A


2/12

CONTENT

I. 3-D ICs

II. light pen

III. Active pixel sensor

IV. Light emitting polymer

V. Trigate transistor

VI. FinFet transistor


3/12

INTRODUCTION

3-D ICs

The unprecedented growth of the computer and the

Information technology industry is demanding Very Large

Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits with increasing

functionality and performance at minimum cost and

power dissipation. VLSI circuits are being aggressively

scaled to meet this Demand, which in turn has some

serious problems for the semiconductor industry.

Additionally heterogeneous integration of different

technologies in one single chip (SoC) is becomingincreasingly desirable, for which planar (2-D) ICs may not

be suitable.

3-D ICs are an attractive chip architecture that can

alleviate the interconnect related problems such as delay

and power dissipation and can also facilitate integrationof heterogeneous technologies in one chip (SoC). The

multi-layer chip industry opens up a whole new world of

design. With the Introduction of 3-D ICs, the world of

chips may never look the same again


4/12

Introduction

light pen

A light pen is a computer input device in the form of a light-

sensitive wand used in conjunction with the computer's CRTmonitor. It allows the user to point to displayed objects, or draw

on the screen, in a similar way to a touch screen but with greater

positional accuracy. A light pen can work with any CRT-based

monitor, but not with LCD screens, projectors or other display

devices.

A light pen is fairly simple to implement. The light pen works bysensing the sudden small change in brightness of a point on the

screen when the electron gun refreshes that spot. By noting

exactly where the scanning has reached at that moment, the X,Y

position of the pen can be resolved. This is usually achieved by

the light pen causing an interrupt, at which point the scan

position can be read from a special register, or computed from a

counter or timer. The pen position is updated on every refresh of

the screen.

The light pen became moderately popular during the early 1980s.

It was notable for its use in the Fairlight CMI, and the BBC Micro.

However, due to the fact that the user was required to hold his or


5/12

her arm in front of the screen for long periods of time, the light

pen fell out of use as a general purpose input device.

Introduction

Active pixel sensor

An active pixel sensor (APS) is an image sensor consisting of an integrated circuit

containing an array of pixels, each containing a photodetector as well as three or

more transistors. Since it can be produced by an ordinary CMOS process, APS is

emerging as an inexpensive alternative to CCDs.

The standard CMOS APS pixel consists of three transistors as well as a

photodetector.

The photodetector is usually a photodiode, though photogate detectors are used in

some devices and can offer lower noise through the use of correlated double

sampling. Light causes an accumulation, or integration of charge on the 'parasitic'

capacitance of the photodiode, creating a voltage change related to the incident

light.

One transistor, Mrst, acts as a switch to reset the device. When this transistor is

turned on, the photodiode is effectively connected to the power supply, VRST,

clearing all integrated charge. Since the reset transistor is n-type, the pixel operates

in soft reset.

The second transistor, Msf, acts as a buffer (specifically, a source follower), an

amplifier which allows the pixel voltage to be observed without removing the


6/12

accumulated charge. Its power supply, VDD, is typically tied to the power supply

of the reset transistor.

The third transistor, Msel, is the row-select transistor. It is a switch that allows a

single row of the pixel array to be read by the read-out electronics.

Array

A typical two-dimensional array of pixels is organized into rows and columns.

Pixels in a given row share reset lines, so that a whole row is reset at a time. The

row select lines of each pixel in a row are tied together as well. The outputs of each

pixel in any given column are tied together. Since only one row is selected at a

given time, no competition for the output line occurs. Further amplifier circuitry is

typically on a column basis.


7/12


8/12

Introduction

FinFET transistor

A FinFET transistor is a MOSFET double-gate transi

where the gate is placed on two, three, or four sides o

around the channel, forming a double gate structure.given the generic name 'finfets' because the source/dr

silicon surface.

The FinFET devices have significantly faster switchidensity than the mainstream CMOS technology. The

gate thickness of 5 nanometres and gate width under

application in 65 nanometer chips and are candidates

technology.


9/12

Introductio

IEEE 1394 INTERFACE

The IEEE 1394 interface is a serial bus interface stan

communications and isochronous real-time data transpersonal computers, as well as in digital audio, digita

aeronautics applications. The interface is also knownFireWire (Apple), i.LINK (Sony), and Lynx (Texas I

replaced parallel SCSI in many applications, becausecosts and a simplified, more adaptable cabling syste

defines a backplane interface, though this is not as wi

IEEE 1394 was adopted as the High-Definition Audi

(HANA) standard connection interface for A/V (audi

communication and control. FireWire is also availabl

coaxial versions using the isochronous protocols.


10/12

Introduction

Light Emitting Polymers

Organic light emitting diode (OLED) display technol

headlines in recent years. Now one form of OLED di

POLYMER (LEP) technology is rapidly emerging as

generation flat panel displays. LEP technology promi

emissive displays with low drive voltage, low power

wide viewing angle, and fast switching times.

One of the main attractions of this technology is the ctechnology with plastic-substrates and with a number

techniques, which offer the possibility of roll-to-roll

manufacturing.

LEPs are inexpensive and consume much less power

display. Their thin form and flexibility allows devices


11/12

Introduction

Liquid Crystal on Silicon(LCOS)

Liquid Crystal on Silicon(LCOS) is a new micro

scalable architecture and picture quality has man

CRT,DLP,LCD. LCOS is digital technology so iprecisethan that of other analog based architectu

beautiful video with high resolution ,speed ,qual

other display.

Liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS or LCoS) is a '

technology typically applied in projection televi

similar to DLP projectors; however, it uses liqui

mirrors. This is contrary to LCD projectors whic

LCoS, liquid crystals are applied directly to the

with an aluminized layer, with some type of pas

reflective.


12/12

Introduction

tri-gate transistor

Transistors are the microscopic, silicon-based switches that pr

digital worlds and are the fundamental building block of all se

traditional planar transistors, electronic signals travel as if on

has served the semiconductor industry well since the 1960s. B

30 nanometers (billionths of a meter), the increase in current l

require increasingly more power to function correctly, which gheat.

Intel's tri-gate transistor employs a novel 3-D structure, like a

sides, which allows electronic signals to be sent along the top

vertical sidewalls as well. This effectively triples the area avai

like turning a one-lane road into a three-lane highway, but wit

operating more efficiently at nanometer-sized geometries, the

delivering 20 percent more drive current than a planar design

The tri-gate structure is a promising approach for extending th

Intel announced in December 2001. The tri-gate is built on an

silicon for reduced current leakage. This allows the transistor t

dramatically reducing power consumption. It also incorporatesstructure for low resistance, which allows the transistor to be d

is also compatible with the future introduction of a high K gat

Intel researchers have developed "tri-gate" transistor design. T

NEW SEMI_topicEC

Documents

Transcript of NEW SEMI_topicEC