New S11 Designing With Laminated Glass
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Transcript of New S11 Designing With Laminated Glass
Designing with Laminated Glass
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This course is worth 1 hour of Health, Safety and Welfare Credit through
the American Institute of Architects
Saflex
About Solutia Inc.
World Headquarters World Headquarters located in St. Louis, MOlocated in St. Louis, MO
$3.5 Billion Chemical $3.5 Billion Chemical CompanyCompany
Saflex division is the Saflex division is the world’s largest producer world’s largest producer of polyvinyl butyral of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) used in (PVB) used in laminated glasslaminated glass
Solutia Architectural Brands
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Thank you!
Course Objectives
What you will learn…
• Laminated glazing products
• Applications for laminated glass
• Benefits of laminated glass
• Designing with laminated glass
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and MuseumArchitectural Firm: Pei Cobb Freed and Partners
Laminated Glazing Products
Laminated Glass is made with…
• Plastic “PVB” (Polyvinyl Butyral) interlayer sandwiched between two pieces of glass with heat & pressure
• Used in the automotive industry for over 60 years
• Used in the architectural market for over 30 years
PVB sheet being applied to glass
Laminated Glass can be …
• used in Insulated Glass units
• used with Low E coatings
• made with tinted glass
• made with multiple layers of glass
• cut when made with annealed glass
Grand Slam Canyon, Las Vegas
Laminated Glass Sizes
SIZES:
– can be produced up to 102” x 200”
– ** Depends on local plant autoclave size
Weight:
– 1/8” .030 1/8” = 3.50 lbs per sq. ft.
– 1/4” .030 1/4” = 6.6 lbs. per sq. ft.
Chromatic Oasis, Sacramento International Airport
Laminated Glass is used in Various Window Types
• Curtain walls
• Ribbon Windows
• Store Fronts
• Punched or Architectural windows
• Overhead Glazing
• Handrails & Floors
• Specialty Applications
Main Entrance Louvre Museum, Paris
Most Common Application
• High Performance Glazing– Commercial Buildings– Airports & Ports– Schools & Hospitals– Courthouses &
Federal Buildings
Las Vegas Federal Courthouse Architect: Dworsky Associates
Cost Elements of LAG…
• Thickness of glass• Glass Type• Thickness of interlayer• Special Interlayers
– acoustics– color
• Glass treatment– tinting– coatings
• Type of framing Installation Portofino Tower, Miami Florida
Architect: Seeger Architectural Partnership
Most Common Configurations of LAG …
PVB Thickness .030
Tempered, Heat Strengthened, and Annealed can be laminatedTypical lite thickness: 1/8” to 1/4”
PVB Thickness .060 PVB Thickness .090
Laminated Glass
Benefits and Performance
Benefits of Laminated Glass
• Safety• Sound• Security• Solar• Storm• Style
The 6 “S’s”The 6 “S’s”
Tokyo International Forum, JapanArchitect: Rafael Vinoly Architects
Meets all the national safety glazing standards:
ANSI Z97.1CPSC 16 CFR 1201 – Cat II (Consumer Product Safety Commission)
• Can be used anywhere Safety tempered glass is used
• Resist penetration, won’t shatter into dangerous fragment
• Seismic and Hurricane Glazing Solution
Benefits of Laminated Glass
• Safety
• Sound
• Security
• Solar
• Storm
• Style
Benefits of Laminated Glass
• Safety
• Sound
• Security
• Solar
• Storm
• Style
Glass House, Tokyo Japan Architect: Ken Yokogawa
Safety Applications for Laminated Glass
• Overhead Glazing
• Sloped Glazing
• Entrance Doors
• Storm and Patio-Type Doors
• Sidelights and Fixed Glazed Panels
Benefits of Laminated Glass
• Safety
• Sound
• Security
• Solar
• Storm
• Style
Reduces unwanted sound and noise
Typical STC (Sound Transmission Class)
ratings between 34 to 40*
Can reduce perceived noise by up to 50% *Based on PVB interlayer type, glass thickness, and airspace in IG Units
Sound Benefit of Laminated Glass
• Safety
• Sound
• Security
• Solar
• Storm
• Style
Laminated Glazing for Optimal Sound Performance
Typical Makeup and Performance:
Laminated Glass (1/4” nominal)
1/8” [.030” PVB] 1/8” STC 34
1/8” [.030” Acoustic PVB] 1/8” STC 35
Laminated Glass Insulated Glass Unit (1” nominal)
1/4” [.030” PVB] 1/2” A.S. 1/4” STC 39
1/4” [.030” Acoustic PVB] 1/2” A.S. 1/4” STC 40
Typical Makeup and Performance:
Laminated Glass (1/4” nominal)
1/8” [.030” PVB] 1/8” STC 34
1/8” [.030” Acoustic PVB] 1/8” STC 35
Laminated Glass Insulated Glass Unit (1” nominal)
1/4” [.030” PVB] 1/2” A.S. 1/4” STC 39
1/4” [.030” Acoustic PVB] 1/2” A.S. 1/4” STC 40
Kamm House, Miami, Florida Kamm House, Miami, Florida Architect: R.A. Kamm & Assoc.Architect: R.A. Kamm & Assoc.
Sound Reduction Applications for Laminated Glass
• Airports
• Educational Facilities
• Highways and Congested Traffic Areas
• Railways
• Residential areas bordering commercial and transit areas
Benefits of Laminated Glass
• Safety
• Sound
• Security
• Solar
• Storm
• Style
Can meet various levels of Can meet various levels of security including:security including:- BurglaryBurglary- Forced entryForced entry- Forced exitForced exit- BallisticsBallistics- Bomb BlastBomb Blast
Standards include:Standards include:- ASTM F1233/UL 972 (forced entry)ASTM F1233/UL 972 (forced entry)- ASTM F 1915 (forced exit)ASTM F 1915 (forced exit)- UL 752 (bullet resistant)UL 752 (bullet resistant)
Benefits of Laminated Glass
• Safety
• Sound
• Security
• Solar
• Storm
• Style
Benefits of Laminated Glass
• Safety
• Sound
• Security
• Solar
• Storm
• Style
Why Design for Security Protection?
• Burglary, Forced Entry, Ballistic Attacks, and Bomb Blasts and are more and more common
• A burglary occurs every 11 sec in the US
• Bomb Blast events are globally on the rise
• Flying glass shards: 50+% of all non-fatal blast injuries.
• Flying or Falling Glass #1 cause of injury non-structural collapse
Types of Security Glazing
Standard LAG (1/4” with 0.060” thickness) provides a significant improvement in resistance to attack from a variety of hand held weapons in:
– Residential: Rock, Hammer, Pry bar, Brick, etc.– Commercial: Sledgehammer, Battering Ram, Chisel,
Axe
LAG cannot be cut from one side deeming glass cutters useless
Impact resistance is improved as % of interlayer is increased, not glass
Burglary Resistance/Forced Entry
Types of Security Glazing
Bullet-resistant glass is made by laminating multiple layers of glass and interlayer to form a single multi-ply unit
The glass layers flatten the bullet upon impact
The interlayer provides flexibility and absorbs energy through the unit
Ballistic Protection
Typical Thickness per Level
UL 752 Test Typical Weapon Typical Laminate Thickness
Level 1Medium Power – Small Arms
Super .38
Automatic / 9mm1 ¼”
Level 2High Power – Small Arms
.357 Magnum Revolver 1 ½”
Level 3Super Power – Small Arms
.44 Magnum Revolver 1 ¾”
Level 4 High Power – Rifle
.30-’06 Rifle 2”
Types of Security Glazing
– Lite cracks as static strength is surpassed
– Laminate deforms inward
– Interlayer absorbs blast energy as it deflects
– Laminate deters accompanying debris
– Energy transferred to frame
– Laminate reacts with an elastic response
– Interior & Exterior protected due to Retention
Bomb Blast Resistance
LAG Configurations
Single LiteForced EntryBomb BlastHurricaneAcoustical
Safety
Laminated InsulatedSame as Single Plus:Energy ConservationEnhanced Acoustical
- Can be Double Laminated
Multiply LaminatedSame as Single Plus:
Enhanced Forced EntryBullet Resistance
Enhanced Blast Resistance
Bomb Blast BasicsChronology of a blast event
0.0
Time (milliseconds)
Ove
rpre
ssu
re (
psi
)
Positive Phase
Negative Phase
Awareness
Other Blast Considerations• Debris• Glass Retention• Secondary debris• Surrounding buildings…
sympathetic damage
Video of a Blast Event
Test Methods & Classifications
Test Methods/Standards
• ASTM F 1642
• GSA/ISC (injury criteria)
• Department of Defense
• ISO (draft)
Methodologies
• Arena
• Shock Tubes
Bomb Blast Applications
• Classifications and Performance Levels
• GSA Levels• Level C Building (4 psi/28
psi*msec)• Level D Building (10 psi/88
psi*msec)• Other Government/Private
Sector• ???
Oklahoma City Federal Campus Oklahoma City Federal Campus
Architect: Architect: Ross Barney and Jankowski Architects
Benefits of Laminated Glass
• Safety
• Sound
• Security
• Solar
• Storm
• Style
Screens out 99% of harmful & Screens out 99% of harmful & damaging UV rays up to 380 damaging UV rays up to 380 nm(= SPF 50+)nm(= SPF 50+)
Protects delicate plants, Protects delicate plants, fabrics, carpets, and furniture fabrics, carpets, and furniture from fadingfrom fading
Can use tinted PVB to reduce Can use tinted PVB to reduce solar heat gainsolar heat gain
Benefits of Laminated Glass
• Safety
• Sound
• Security
• Solar
• Storm
• Style
Benefits of Laminated Glass
• Green Friendly – can help meet LEEDS objectives through natural day lighting
• Open natural day lighted workspaces can reduce stress and enhance creativity
South Beach Lincoln Cinema, Miami FloridaSouth Beach Lincoln Cinema, Miami FloridaArchitect: Zyscovich Inc.Architect: Zyscovich Inc.
Benefits of Laminated Glass
• Safety• Sound• Security• Solar• Storm• Style
Laminated Glazing for Hurricane Protection
1. Flying debris breaks glass2. Wind and rain enters a building through
breached openings3. 1% opening on windward wall
1. 200% increase in pressure on underside of roof2. 50% increase in pressure on exterior walls
Structural Failure
Hurricane Applications
• Typically mandated by code and referenced by a standard– Dade County, FL– ICC (IRC, IBC)– ASTM E1886 * E1996
• Most stringent glazing standards in the industry– Impact– Cycling– Structural
City Place, Palm Beach, FL – Architects: Roger FryCity Place, Palm Beach, FL – Architects: Roger Fry
Benefits of Laminated Glass
• Safety• Sound• Security• Solar• Storm• Style
Designing with Functionality
Color adds
personality!
• Use Heat and Light Stable Pigments, Not Dyes
• 1000’s of Color Possibilities
• Unlimited Color Range When Combined with Tinted Glass and Coatings
• Ease of maintenance unlike surface treatments
Colors Colors
The Glass Store, Sao Paulo – Brunette FraccaroliThe Glass Store, Sao Paulo – Brunette FraccaroliPattern and Mass pigmented Color LAGPattern and Mass pigmented Color LAG
Office Partitions – Perkins & WillOffice Partitions – Perkins & WillPattern and Mass pigmented Color LAGPattern and Mass pigmented Color LAG
Grand Slam Canyon, Grand Slam Canyon, Circus Circus Circus Circus Hotel & Casino, Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, NV Las Vegas, NV
Mass pigmented Mass pigmented Color LAGColor LAG
New York, New York New York, New York Hotel & Casino, Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, NVLas Vegas, NV
Mass pigmented Mass pigmented Color LAGColor LAG
Olympic Cauldron, Salt Lake City, UT Olympic Cauldron, Salt Lake City, UT Jim Doyle, Wet Design - Mass pigmented Color LAGJim Doyle, Wet Design - Mass pigmented Color LAG
Questions?
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© Solutia Inc. 2007