Publications

New NMFS ScientificReports Published

Some publications listed below maybe sold by the Superintendent of Docu­ments, U.S. Government Printing Of­fice, Washington, DC 20402. Copies ofall are sold by the National TechnicalInformation Service, Springfield, VA22151. Writing to either agency prior toordering is advisable to determine avail­ability and price (prices may change andprepayment is required).

NOAA Technical Report NMFS 39.

Fisheries Management andLarge Marine Ecosystems

Large Marine Ecosystems (LME's)are extensive areas whose fishery re­sources are linked via continuity andsimilarity of the region's bottom config­uration, oceanic currents, temperatureranges, and other specific environmen­tal and biological conditions, and scien­tists have been moving toward manage­ment of such ecosystems slowly formany years. Those close to land massesare beset by increased stress from pollu­tion, as well as exploitation which mustbe measured and accounted for in man­agement schemes.

Marine fisheries studies have pro­gressed from single species and theiryields to a more holistic approach,focussing on entire ecosystems and themultispecies assemblages and interac­tions which influence annual productionof fisheries. Thus, "Variability andManagement of Large Marine Eco­systems", edited by Kenneth Shermanand Lewis M. Alexander is a timelyreview of the state-of-the-art in measur­ing changes in fish populations andproductivity in LME's, LME physical­chemical environments, and manage-

76

Swan, George A., Tommy G. Withrow,and Donn L. Park. "Survey offish pro­tective facilities at water withdrawalsites on the Snake and ColumbiaRivers!' April 1986, iii + 34 p., 26figs., 6 tables, 1 appendix.

ABSTRACf

Proliferation of water withdrawals and newpump intake and screen designs has occurredwith the growth of irrigated agriculture alongthe Columbia and Snake Rivers. Concern forthe protection of anadromous and resident

ment options available to governmentalagencies for the LME's.

The volume represents the first sym­posium on the "Variability and Man­agement of Large Marine Ecosystems"which was convened at the 1984 AnnualMeeting of the American Associationfor the Advancement of Science. It waspublished as AAAS Selected Sympo­sium 99 by Westview Press, 5500 Cen­tral Avenue, Boulder, CO 80301.

The contents are presented in threeparts, with part one contributions ex­amining the impact of perturbations onthe productivity of renewable resourcesin large marine ecosystems. Part twocontains articles on ways of measuringvariability in large marine ecosystems,and part three contributions discuss theinstitutional frameworks-political,economic, legal, etc.-for managingLME's.

In sum, the authors and editors havedone a fine job in drawing together andsynthesizing current knowledge onLME problems, resources, and resourcemanagement, and the book should be ofvalue to a wide range of marine stu­dents, scientists, and resource managers.Indexed, the 319-page paperbound vol­ume is available for $31.95.

fish populations resulted in formulation ofa survey of the water withdrawal systems.The survey included distribution studies ofjuvenile fish near pump sites and field in­spection of those sites to determine adequacyof screening for protection of fish. A totalof 225 sites were inspected in 1979 and 1980,with a follow-up inspection of 95 sites in1982. Results indicated a definite trendtoward lack of concern for the condition offish protective facilities. Only 4 out of 22sites not meeting criteria in 1979 had beenupgraded to acceptable conditions. Of moreconcern, 13 of the sites meeting criteria in1979 were below criteria when reinspectedin 1982. Some of the discrepancies includedlack of protective screens, poorly maintain­ed screens, and screens permitting excessivevelocity that could result in impingement oflarvae or small fish. A conclusion from thesesurveys is that if adequate protection for fishis to exist, screens for water withdrawalsneed to be properly installed, inspected, andmaintained.

NOAA Technical Report NMFS 40.

A Guide for ProspectiveSalmon Shark Fishermen

Publication of the "Salmon SharkManual;' by Brian Paust and RonaldSmith and edited by T. Frady, has beenannounced by the Alaska Sea Grant Col­lege Program, 590 University Avenue,Suite 102, Fairbanks, AK 99709-1046. Itis subtitled "The development of a com­mercial salmon shark, Lamna ditropis,fishery in the North Pacific," but it in­cludes reviews of shark fishing gearsand techniques, shark preservation andmarketing, shark food products and by­products, and much more. In trying totarget a select group of Alaskan fisher­men, processors, and managers deemed"early adopters" of new technology orfishing strategies, the authors have pro­vided extensive and very detailed infor­mation that will be useful to anyoneinterested in the development of sharkfisheries far outside Alaska.

The authors begin with a review of theSoutheast Alaska Salmon Shark Project(SEASP), which stimulated the volume,discuss the edibility of sharks, reviewthe sharks and skates found in Alaskanwaters (and taxonomy of Alaskansharks). Then they comprehensively

Marine Fisheries Review

Myers, Edward A., Donald E. Hoss,Walter M. Matsumoto, David S. Peters,Michael P. Seki, Richard N. Uchida,John D. Ditmars, and Robert A. Pad­dock. "The potential impact of OceanThermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)on fisheries." June 1986, iii + 33 p.,II figs., 8 tables.

ABSTRACf

The commercial development of oceanthermal energy conversion (OTEC)operations will involve some environmentalperturbations for which there is no prece­dent experience. The pumping of very largevolumes of warm surface water and colddeep water and its subsequent discharge willresult in the impingement, entrainment, andredistribution of biota. Additional stressesto biota will be caused by biocide usage andtemperature depressions. However, the arti­ficial upwelling of nutrients associated withthe pumping of cold deep water, and the arti­ficial reef created by an OTEC plant may

review the salmon shark's distribution,feeding behavior, and prey relationships.Also reviewed is the functional biologyand the physiology of lamnid sharks,shark reproduction strategies andgrowth, salmon shark research and har­vest in Japan, and problems of elasmo­branch fisheries management.

Following a lengthy review of NorthAmerican and European shark fishingmethods and gear, the authors discussdevelopment of a sport fishery for salm­on shark in Alaska, list commercialshark fishing strategies applicable to thespecies, and review contemporary sharkfood products and commercial by­products. Then follow reviews of thecharacteristics and preparation of sharkmeat, shark quality control standards forharvesters and processors, methods forhandling shark on small fishing vessels,processing and marketing of shark fins,hides, jaw sets, and teeth, and process­ing and marketing shark byproducts(i .e., blood serum, cartilage, livers,etc.). Also discussed at length is theeconomic background of various worldshark fisheries with reference to devel­opment of salmon shark fisheries of theNorth Pacific.

Several appendices then review initial

48(3), 1986

have positive effects on the local environ­ment.

Although more detailed information isneeded to assess the net effect of an OTECoperation on fisheries, certain assumptionsand calculations are made supporting theconclusion that the potential risk to fisheriesis not significant enough to deter the earlydevelopment of OTEC. It will be necessaryto monitor a commercial-scale plant in orderto remove many of the remaining uncertain­ties.

NOAA Technical Report NMFS 41.Bohnsack, James A., and Scott P. Ban­nerot. "A stationary visual censustechnique for quantitatively assessingcommunity structure of coral reeffishes." July 1986, iii + 15 p., 13 figs.,3 tables.

ABSTRACf

A new method is described and evaluated

processing of shark fins, potential pur­chasers of trimmed shark fins, futureresearch opportunities involving devel­opment of salmon shark fisheries, apotential fishery for the mud shark,Hexanchus griseus, in southeasternAlaska, and potential purchasers ofshark meat, oils, hides, and other by­products.

All in all, the volume is a very com­prehensive review of the literature andinformation on the salmon shark, sharkfishing techniques, and the utilization,handling, and marketing of sharks.Paperbound, the large-format 430-pagevolume, report AK-SG-86-0l, is avail­able from the publisher for $9.00.

A Useful Guidebook toWest Coast Marine Life

If the value of a book can be gaugedby the number of editions printed, then"Between Pacific Tides" by Edward F.Ricketts, Jack Calvin, and Joel W.Hedgpeth, with the fifth edition revisedby David W. Phillips, is a classic. Theoriginal edition was written in 1939, andthe volume has become an excellentreference for U.S. Pacific coast students

for visually sampling reef fish communitystructure in environments with highly diverseand abundant reef fish populations. Themethod is based on censuses of reef fishestaken within a cylinder of 7.5 m radius bya diver at randomly selected, stationarypoints. The method provides quantitativedata on frequency of occurrence, fish length,abundance, and community composition,and is simple, fast, objective, and repeatable.Species are accumulated rapidly for listingpurposes, and large numbers of samples areeasily obtained for statistical treatment. Themethod provides an alternative to traditionalvisual sampling methods. Observationsshowed that there were no significant dif­ferences in total numbers of species or in­dividuals censused when visibility rangedbetween 8 and 30 m. The reefs and habitatssampled were significant sources of varia­tion in number of species and individualscensused, but the diver was not a significantinfluence. Community similarity indiceswere influenced significantly by the specificsampling site and the reef sampled, but werenot significantly affected by the habitat ordiver.

and professionals alike. In short, thisnewly revised volume reviews the ani­mals and habitats of the bays, estuaries,rocky shores, and tidal pools of the U.S.Pacific Coast. It is particularly wellwritten and also is very well illustratedwith many photographs and drawings,all in black and white. The species areall grouped according to their mostcharacteristic habitat (i .e., rocky shore,sandy beach, eelgrass flat, mud flat,wharf piling, etc.), and the species' lifehistory, physiology, and interrelation­ships are discussed.

Besides those chapters, others reviewintertidal zonation, principles of inter­tidal ecology, and an extensive sectionof reference matter is presented, in­cluding an outline of the major taxa, anannotated systematic index, a generalbibliography, and a general index. Thislatest edition has been enlarged about20 percent, with many changes andadditions, and the systematic index andbibliography has been greatly updatedand expanded (almost 2,300 entries). Italso includes the interesting Prefaces tothe earlier editions, as well as JohnSteinbeck's Foreword to the 1948edition.

The references are unique in that the

77

general bibliography is divided into fourareas: 1) essential general referencesrelated to seashore life, 2) other usefultexts and general references, 3) selectedpapers on marine ecology and relatedtopics, and 4) books and papers on geo­logy, paleontology, and zoogeography.Other references dealing primarily withspecific animals or groups are listed inthe Annotated Systematic Index. Mostof the works listed were published after1967.

The 652-page hardbound volume isan excellent reference to a rich and di­verse coastal region and is availablefrom the Stanford University Press,Stanford, CA 94305 for $29.50.

An International MarineReference Guide

"Maritime AfTairs-A World Hand­book," subtitled "A reference guide tomaritime organizations, conventions anddisputes and to the international politicsof the sea" has been published by Long­man Group Limited, Longman House,Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, U.K. CM202JE, and is distributed in the UnitedStates by Gale Research Co., BookTower, Detroit, MI 48226.

As the title and subtitle imply, thevolume is a wide ranging reference tomarine-related laws, transportation, re­sources, communications, scientific re­search, boundary disputes, and militarymatters. Several chapters are of interestto those involved with marine livingresources.

Chapter 1 provides data on the Lawof the Sea-historical development ofmaritime law, UN conferences and Con­ventions on the LOS, and territorialclaims by coastal states. Chapters 2 and3 (international organizations and ship­ping) have little data on fisheries. How­ever, Chapter 4 presents data (for 1983)on fish harvests and trade, coastal stateEEZ claims, descriptions of major con­ventions and agreements, national legis­lation on fisheries, and a listing ofinternational organizations concernedwith marine resources. Chapter 5, "En­vironmental and Scientific Interest in theSea," provides data on dimensions of the

78

marine pollution problems; conven­tions, agreements, and legislation onmarine pollution; aspects of scientificresearch related to the sea; and inter­national bodies involved in ocean re­search. Chapter 6 is on maritime boun­dary disputes and Chapter 7 is onmilitary uses of the sea. Also publishedis the full text of the UN Convention ofthe Law of the Sea, as well as an exten­sive listing of maritime journals. In­dexed, the hardbound 412-page volumeis available for $90.00 from Gale Re­search Co.

Research, Management,and Life History ofthe Dungeness Crab

Number three in the University ofAlaska's Lowell Wakefield FisheriesSymposia Series is "Proceedings of theSymposium on Dungeness Crab Bio­logy and Management;' B. R. Melteff,Symposium Coordinator. It was pub­lished as Alaska Sea Grant Report 85-3by the Alaska Sea Grant College Pro­gram, University of Alaska, Fairbanks,AK 99701.

The symposium and volume weredivided into five sessions, with SessionI presenting reviews of the Dungenesscrab fisheries of California, Oregon,Washington, British Columbia, andseveral areas of coastal Alaska. SessionII on life history includes papers on theecology, growth, and population dyna­mics of juvenile Dungeness crabs inGrays Harbor, Wash.; sampling designand methodology for juvenile Dunge­ness crab surveys; the role of estuariesin the crab's early life history; young­of-the-year abundance and growth in thenearshore environment; age and growthof male Dungeness crabs in northernCalifornia; and molt increments, annualmolting probabilities, fecundity, andsurvival rates of adult female crabs innorthern California.

Session III on mortality presents areview of Dungeness crab diseases, apaper on Dungeness crab predation bysea otters in Prince William Sound, andtwo studies on problems of Dungenesscrabs exposed to bark debris at marine

log transfer facilities. Session IV in­cludes four papers on Dungeness crabpopulation dynamics, and Session V in­cludes five contributions includingbiases in crab tag recovery data, ocean­ography of Cook Inlet in relation to crabdistribution, a review of the effects ofSevin on crab, oyster, and other estu­arine species; and a review of crab feed­ing behavior-a review of the generalevolutionary and ecological factorswhich characterize crabs of the genusCancer, then placing the eight speciesstudied into two major feeding or life­history specialization groupings and ex­ploring the implications of this formanagement of the species and suggestmanagement implications.

The Dungeness crab, Cancer magis­ter, is fished commercially from mid­California to Alaska. But while theAlaskan fishery has grown in recentyears, the more southerly fisheries havedeclined. Thus, this symposium pre­sents a fine review of the species'biology, management, and populationdynamics, and discusses managementissues especially applicable to Alaska.

Manual for Researchand Conservationof Marine Turtles

The second edition of the "Manualof Sea Turtle Research and Conser­vation Techniques", edited by Karen A.Bjorndal and George H. Balazs has beenpublished and is distributed by theCenter for Environmental Education,624 9th Street, N.W., Room 500, Wash­ington, DC 20001. The manual wasprepared for the 1983 Western AtlanticTurtle Symposium (WATS), sponsoredby IOCARIBE, and its authors includePeter C. H. Pritchard, Peter H. Bacon,Fredrick H. Berry, Archie F. Carr, JohnFletemeyer, Robert M. Gallagher, SallyR. Hopkins, Robert R. Lankford, ReneMarquez M., Larry H. Ogren, WilliamG. Pringle, Jr., Henry A. Reichart, andRoss Witham.

The manual, in either English orSpanish, was prepared to aid in planningand research for the WATS 1982 and1983 field research programs. The tech-

Marine Fisheries Review

niques presented are considered "rec­ommended" or "preferred", but arefollowed, where appropriate, by "alter­natives", along with draft outlines ofsuccessful sea turtle survey data record­ing forms. The manual covers the sixsea turtle species of the western Atlan­tic as well as the flatback turtle ofAustralia and Papua New Guinea andthe black turtle of the eastern Pacific.

Requirements for a sea turtle conser­vation program, are given, followed bya lengthy section on survey techniques,which includes an identification guideto species, aerial and ground truth beachsurveys, survey charts, pelagic and otheraerial surveys, vessel surveys, nestingbeach surveys, market surveys, turtlemeasurement and tagging, determina­tion of hatching success, and more.

The section on management and con­servation covers beach and nest protec­tion from wild, domestic, and humanpredators; protection of turtles frombeach erosion and later nesting turtles;egg handling and relocation, and releaseof hatchlings. Also covered is the inci­dental catch of turtles and its avoidanceand the resuscitation of apparentlydrowned turtles. Data is given on pro­tective legislation and enforcement, aswell as on care of sea turtles in cap­tivity-culture requirements and tech­niques for conservation or populationrestoration. Also included is a glossaryof terms, extensive list of references, andan appendix of 40 color plates of thevarious species (at different ages) andtheir color variations. The 126-pagepaperbound volume is a fine manual forsea turtle researchers and costs $10.00.

Also distributed by the Center for En­vironmental Education are volumes 1-3of the "Proceedings of the First West­ern Atlantic Turtle Symposium;'edited by Peter Bacon, Fred Berry,Karen Bjorndal, Harold Hirth, andLarry Ogren. Following the inauguraladdresses and a history of the WATS, sixpanel sessions present an overview ofthe biology of the six western Atlanticsea turtles: the green, loggerhead,Kemp's ridley, olive ridley, hawksbill,and leatherback turtles. Additional panelsessions discuss research techniques andplanning, habitat alteration impacts,utilization of turtles, their conservation,

48(3), 1986

aquaculture, enforcement and regula­tions, status of the species, and manage­ment options. Another session dealtwith future actions to conserve seaturtles, along with a symposium sum­marization. Also included are the firstfive appendices: A glossary of terms,abstracts of posters, an announcementof the manual of research and conser­vation techniques, list of registered par­ticipants, and a report on eastern Pacificsea turtle research.

Appendix 6 is volume 2, the "An­notated Bibliography of Sea TurtleResearch in the Western Atlantic," byPeter R. Bacon. This was compiled asa WATS background document and pre­sents references (up to May 1983) to seaturtle research, populations, and socio­economics. It totals 954 annotated cita­tions from scientific journals (604),books (56), theses (12), newsletters (36),government reports (116), and miscel­laneous sources (130), i.e., conferenceproceedings, manuscript reports, reportsto international agencies, etc. Referencesare relevant only to the Western CentralAtlantic Region, excluding references tothe southern parts of Brazil and theUnited States north of the Carolinas.Chelonia mydas has the most references(332), followed by Caretta caretta(254), Dermochelys coriacea (187),Eretmochelys imbricata (134), Lepido­chelys kempi (124), and Lepidochelysolivacea (61). Most of the publications(624) were published between 1970 and1973; less than 80 were published before1940. Most of the geographical citationsreferenced U.S. research (260), trailedby Mexico (85), Costa Rica (66), Suri­name (47), Cayman Islands (34),French Guiana (33), Nicaragua (31),Venezuela (31), and all other nations lessthan 30. The 318-page volume is paper­bound; price not listed.

Appendix 7, or volume 3, contains"The National Reports;' edited byPeter Bacon, Fred Berry, Karen Bjorn­dal, Harold Hirth, Larry Ogren, andMichael Weber. Included are 40 reportsfor the WATS region's 38 nations; tworeports were submitted by Mexico andNetherlands Antilles to facilitate sub­regional analyses. They are either offi­cial "National Reports," Draft NationalReports, Ad Hoc Data Reports and some

include a Supplemental Data Report.Report format, compiled by Harvey R.Bullis, Jr., presents tabular data on suchitems as geographic inventory, shorelineand bottom type habitat inventories,nesting beach inventory, nesting census,aerial beach survey, nesting femalepopulation assessments, foraging areasinventory and turtles present on forag­ing areas, nonforaging turtles at sea,natural mortality, various turtle harvestdata, turtle culture operations, sanctu­aries and refuges, national research pro­jects, and more. The 514-page volumeis paperbound; price not listed.Together, the volumes present an im­mense amount of data on the region'ssea turtles, their biology, status, andmanagement and outlook and will be avery useful reference.

Mooring and Anchoringand Marine Navigation

Publication of "The Complete Bookof Anchoring and Mooring" by EarlHinz has been announced by the Cor­nell Maritime Press, Inc., Po. Box 456,Centreville, MD 21617. Basically, theauthor addresses anchoring systems andtechniques and permanent moorings forall recreational and working vesselsfrom 12 to 80 feet long.

The book is divided into three parts.Part I, "The Technology of GroundTackle," employs a systems approach todetermine loads at anchor and translatethem into ground tackle design criteria.Topics include loads at anchor, deckgear for anchors, the anchor windlass,anchor rodes, anchor options, and an­chor and rode selection.

Part II, "The Art of Anchoring," in­cludes chapters on the human and safe­ty factors in anchoring, techniques andtricks of anchoring, rights and respon­sibilities, and storm anchoring. And PartIII, "The Mechanics of Anchoring,"reviews permanent moorings, includingmushroom anchor single point mooring,multiple anchor single point mooring,fore and aft buoyed and pile moorings,mooring maintenance, and rights tomoorings. Indexed, the 309-page hard­bound volume costs $22.50 and shouldbe a useful reference for vessel users.

79

Also recently published by CMP isthe 6th edition of "How To NavigateToday" by Leonard Gray, based on theoriginal handbook by M. R. Hart. Thishandy pocket-sized guide to celestialnavigation reviews in several concisechapters the basics of celestial naviga­tion; star, sun, moon, and planet sights;the navigator's daily routine, other sight­reduction methods, sextant use, and useof the star finder. Also included is a listof references, a glossary, and excerptsfrom the "Nautical Almanac" and H.G.249. The small 116-page handbook ispaperbound, costs $5.50, and is a handyfield guide for beginning navigators.

Far more comprehensive and aimedat advanced seafarers is CMP's "Celes­tial for the Cruising Navigator" byMerle B. Turner. This volume presentsa comprehensive treatment of celestialnavigation based upon the essentialfoundations of nautical astronomy andspherical trigonometry. The authorbegins with a discussion of position andtime and proceeds systematically toshow how sextant observations, coupledwith time, provide indispensable checksand data on course, distance, and posi­tion. He emphasizes computationalrather than tabular solutions to sightreduction problems and, while basictrigonometric fomulae are developed,all computation can be done with an in­expensive hand calculator. Two appen­dices provide some computationalformulae and a glossary of terms. In­dexed, the 222-page paperbound volumeis available from CMP for $14.95.

Also recently published by CMP isthe second edition of "Star SightReduction Tables for 42 Stars" byThomas D. Davies, retired Rear Ad­miral of the U.S. Navy. It covers theyears 1986-92, and the stars tabulatedare of sufficient brightness to be readi­ly sighted during evening or morningtwilight. The tables cover lat. 60 0 Nthrough 45°S. Thus, the user can shoot"stars of opportunity" when badweather obscures some or many stars,eliminating the need for precomputationand the resultant frustration when cloudcover obscures the desired star. Theauthor briefly explains how his methodis to be used, provides examples of ac­tual sights and a filled-in form showing

80

how the work is done. The 440-pagepaperbound volume is available fromthe publisher for $28.50.

Crustacean Culture,Fisheries, Economics,Behavior, and Ecology

Volume 10 in the series "The Biologyof Crustacea" is "Economic Aspects:Fisheries and Culture:' edited by An­thony 1. Provenzano, Jr., and publishedby Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL32887. The first three chapters providebroad reviews of the biology and ex­ploitation of 1) shrimps and shrimp-likeanimals by Richard A. Neal and RobertC. Maris, 2) crabs by Paul A. Haefner,Jr., and 3) lobsters and crayfishes by 1.Stanley Cobb and Denis Wang.

Data on the fisheries biology ofshrimps are given for the penaeid andcaridean shrimps and for stomatopodand zooplankton fisheries. For the ma­jor species in each group, informationis given on their life cycles, habitat,population dynamics, behavior andmigrations, ecological importance, andtheir management. Additional datacovers fishing gears and methods, hand­ling and preservation at sea and onshore, waste utilization, as well as per­spectives on future demand and supply,fishery trends, new products, and re­search needs. The same general outlineof information is provided for importantspecies of crabs, lobsters, and cray­fishes.

Provenzano then reviews in Chapter4 the basics of crustacean culture­culture systems and their management,criteria for species cultured, seed sup­plies, and growout. In chapter 5 he pro­vides more detailed information on thelarge-scale culture of shrimps andprawns, anomurans, crabs, and the lob­sters and crayfishes. Each chapter pro­vides extensive references and thevolume is indexed by subject and tax­onomic indexes. While single volumeshave been devoted to individual speciesor fisheries, this book, in synthesizingdata for many of the important crusta­ceans, was an ambitious project. Over­all, it is a fine and useful review of andreference on an important segment of

the world's fisheries. Hardbound, the331-page volume is available from thepublisher for $65.00 or £56.50.

Volume 7 in the same crustacean bio­logy series is "Behavior and Ecology;'edited by F. John Vernberg and WinonaB. Vernberg. The book is divided intosix chapters in which various authorsreview information on 1) communica­tion, 2) movement patterns and orien­tation, 3) biological timing, 4) symbioticrelationships, 5) pelagic larval ecologyand development, and 6) biotic assem­blages-populations and communities.

Both interspecific and intraspecificcommunication by crustaceans is dealtwith by Michael Salmon and Gary W.Hyatt. They present an overview ofcommunication in an ecological setting,as well as reviewing communication interms of quantitative measurement,functions and mechanisms, and evolu­tion, and suggest areas for futureresearch. William F. Herrnkind thendiscusses orientation within various bio­types and over a long distance and pat­terns of movement of crustaceans inchapter 2.

In chapter 3, Patricia 1. DeCourseyreviews the cyclic nature and timing ofvarious crustacean biological functions,including matching of biologicalrhythms and environmental cycles andbasic concepts of regulation of biologi­cal rhythms. She also surveys biologicalrhythms (organismic and cellular andphysiological) in crustacea, and pro­vides a perspective of the adaptive valueof environmentally entrained clocks. D.M. Ross summarizes information on avariety of crustacean symbiotic relation­ships with both crustacean and noncrus­tacean hosts, and recommends addition­al research to analyze and better under­stand those relationships. A. N. Sastrythen reviews work on larval ecology­how larval stages interact with the vari­ous biotic and abiotic factors in their en­vironment, including egg incubation andhatching, larval development, adaptationto the environment, dispersal and re­cruitment, and the role of pelagic lar­vae in live histories. Finally Coull andBell provide an overview of the complexinteractions associated with bioticassemblages, using as examples threehabitats where crustaceans are impor-

Marine Fisheries Review

tant members (marine sandy bottomhabitats, hard substrates-rocky shoresand reefs, and marine and freshwaterplankton assemblages). Each of theauthors provides extensive references fortheir chapters and suggest fruitful areasfor future research, and the volume pro­vides a handy overview of crustaceanbehavior and ecology. The hardbound338-page volume includes systematicand subject indexes and costs $51.50 or£43.00.

Ocean Variabilityand Salmon Production

"The Influence of Ocean Condi­tions on the Production of Salmonidsin the North Pacific;' edited by Wil­liam G. Percy and published by theOregon State University Sea Grant Col­lege Program in Corvallis, presentspapers and comments on them from aworkshop held just after the devastating1982-83 El Nino when ocean catches ofcoho and chinook salmon off Oregonand Washington were lowest in recenthistory.

The first part of the workshop pre­sents review papers on salmonid biologyand oceanography, with each followedby a commentary providing often asomewhat different viewpoint or ap­proach to the topic. Later, attendeesbroke into working groups on hatch­eries, inlets and estuaries, the coastalocean, and the open ocean. They iden­tified problems and hypotheses thatneeded further research to improve ourknowledge of the relationships betweenthe ocean environment and salmonidstocks, and those reports are also con­tained in the publication.

Some of the the topics reviewed are:Factors associated with mortality ofcoho salmon from saltwater releasefacilities in Oregon, marine influenceson the interannual variation in abun­dance of salmon, biology of juvenilecoho salmon off Oregon and Washing­ton, trends in abundance of northeastPacific salmon stocks, oceanographicfactors influencing the distribution,

migration, and survival of salmonids inthe northeast Pacific, and limitations onthe ability to enhance Pacific salmonstocks.

Others include the variability of mar­ine survival of Pacific salmon, inter­action among sockeye salmon in theGulf of Alaska, population dynamics ofBristol Bay sockeye salmon from 1956to 1983, environmental factors and theabundance of Kodiak archipelago pinksalmon, and more.

Overall, the workshop and publica­tion presents a good review of the statusof knowledge of the effects of the oceanenvironment on salmonid production inthe northeast Pacific as of the early1980's and should be a useful reference.(The publication is also a companion toa volume on nonsalmonid species en­titled "From Year to Year: InterannualVariability of the Environment and Fish­eries of the Gulf of Alaska and BeringSea," edited by Warren S. Wooster andpublished by the University of Washing­ton Sea Grant Program in Seattle.)Paperbound, the 327-page volume isavailable as Report ORESU-W-83-00lfrom Sea Grant Communications, Ore­gon State University, AdS A418, Cor­vallis, OR 97331 (price not listed).

Fish Oils andthe Human Diet

"Omega-3, The Fish Oil Factors" byG. G. Pique has been published byOmega-3 Project, Inc., Suite 347,10615-G Tierrasanta Blvd., San Diego,CA 92124. The author briefly reviewsresearch into the role of fish oils andtheir omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in thehuman diet in a somewhat popularized,yet still fairly technical, style of writingin an effort to promote greater use ofomega-3-rich foods, particularly fattyfishes. Besides the effects on the cardio­vascular system, the author also reportson perceived benefits of a fish-orienteddiet for some who suffer from rheuma­toid arthritis, phlebitis, colitis, and otherinflammatory problems. And he ques­tions the value of the widely used poly-

unsaturated vegetable oils in the diet.Because the writing is partly techni­

cal and partly evangelical in tone, thebook is difficult to categorize. Refer­ences to "a true magic bullet" (EPA)and a "miracle food" (fish) may makesome readers uncomfortable. Pique alsodiscusses natural animal and vegetablesources of the omega-3 fatty acids andchampions a diet based on one devisedabout 30 years ago by the late AverlyNelson, a Seattle, Wash., cardiovascularspecialist who used a special fish-richdiet in the 1950's with heart patients andreported positive results. The author ad­vises readers to consult with their physi­cian and warns about the possibilities ofvitamin toxicity in certain cases. A post­printing Appendix discusses the effectsof omega-3 oils on atherosclerosis.

The small paperbound 163-page vol­ume is available from the publisher for$9.95. Purchasers will also receiveperiodic updates (upon return of acoupon).

Hatching and Culturingthe Rainbow Trout

An updated fourth edition of S. D.Sedgwick's 1973 "Trout FarmingHandbook" has been published byFishing News Books Ltd., 1 LongGarden Walk, Farnham, Surrey, Eng­land GU9 7HX. The original book hasbeen much revised and additional chap­ters have been added. It includes adiscussion of trout farming in floatingcages in both freshwater and saltwateras well as treatment of trout farm efflu­ent. Advice is also given on how todesign and construct a modern troutfarm, and data is included on the recog­nition and treatment of common troutdiseases, trout hygiene, foods and feed­ing, egg sources and fry production,broodstock, trout processing andmarkets, profits, and prevention oflosses. Well illustrated with photos anddiagrams, the 160-page paperboundvolume is available from the publisherfor £10.00.