New Imperialism The extension of a nation’s power over other lands. European nations want to...

New ImperialismNew Imperialism

New ImperialismNew Imperialism

The extension of a nation’s power over other lands.

European nations want to expand trade with Asia and Africa for European markets

Want direct control

Some key events that still impact Some key events that still impact us today…us today…

Competition among European nations leads to the partition of Africa

Colonial rule creates a new social class of westernized intellectuals

British rule brought order and stability to India, but with its own set of costs.

As a colonial power, the United States practiced many of the same imperialist policies as European nations.

Europeans wanted control of Europeans wanted control of raw materials and markets.raw materials and markets.

New Imperialism was tied to racism and Social Darwinism – “the fittest will survive”

Some believed that Westerners had a moral right to civilize Asia, Africa and Latin America.

They must They must ChristianizeChristianize them. them.

By 1900, most of Southeast Asia By 1900, most of Southeast Asia was under Western control…was under Western control…

Great BritainSingapore

Burma

FranceVietnam becomes a

protectorate

Cambodia-Annan-Tonkin-Laos= French Indochina

ThailandThailand

Only remaining free state in Southeast Asia King Mongkut and King Chulalongkorn

– Promote Western learning and remained friendly with European powers

Thailand acts as an independent buffer between France and Britain in Southeast Asia and remains independent

British control over South America, French control over British control over South America, French control over Indochina, and Spanish control over Mexico are Indochina, and Spanish control over Mexico are

examples of…examples of…

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0% 1. Isolationism

2. Appeasement

3. Nonalignment

4. Imperialism

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Which of the following was a major reason why Which of the following was a major reason why European nations colonized other nations?European nations colonized other nations?

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0% 1. Need for raw materials

2. Fear of Asian dominance

3. Surplus of manufactured goods

4. Desire to learn about other cultures


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What was a major factor that allowed imperialist powers What was a major factor that allowed imperialist powers to dominate large parts of Asia and Africa in the 19to dominate large parts of Asia and Africa in the 19thth and and

2020thth centuries? centuries?

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0% 1. Technological and military superiority

2. Desire of Asians and Africans to convert to Christianity

3. Willingness of imperialists to respect local traditions/customs

4. Spread of nationalism among slave peoples in colonial areas


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What was an important motive behind the European What was an important motive behind the European

desire to obtain colonies in Africa in the late 1800sdesire to obtain colonies in Africa in the late 1800s??

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0% 1. Africa’s valuable minerals like gold and diamonds

2. Africa’s tea, silk, and other luxury goods

3. Africa’s free labor for the Americas

4. Africa’s advanced industries


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Which European country in the late 19Which European country in the late 19thth century century controlled so many colonies around the world that it was controlled so many colonies around the world that it was

said “the sun never set” on its flag?said “the sun never set” on its flag?

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0% 1. France

2. Germany

3. Great Britain

4. Italy


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Participant ScoresParticipant Scores500 Participant 10

500 Participant 19

500 Participant 6

500 Participant 23

500 Participant 2

Goal was to exploit countries Goal was to exploit countries natural resources.natural resources.

Indirect Rule – allow local rulers to remain in power, yet still answer to the government that had conquered.

Westerners argued that they brought civilization to these countries.

Direct RuleDirect Rule – your government – your government runs the new country.runs the new country.

Westerners feared indigenous people gaining political power.

Native people worked low level jobs for poverty wages.

High taxes were placed on peasants.

Colonial rule did bring Colonial rule did bring benefits.benefits.

Modern economic systems began.Improved infrastructure.Expanded exports.Some became Western educated

and became professionals.

Peasant RevoltsPeasant Revolts

Nationalism the reason for revolts.Most revolts were handled with

great force.1930’s begins revolts that bring

independence.

AfricaAfrica

AfricaAfrica

Europeans did not hesitate to deceive Africans in order to get their land and natural resources.

All of Africa under European rule from 1880 – 1890.

Slave trading declared illegal in 1890’s by the world.

West AfricaWest Africa

Slave trade Europeans seek to trade textiles and manufactured

goods for natural resources Encouraged by trade

– Europeans push for more permanent presence– 1874: Britain annexes the west coastal states as the first

British colony of Gold Coast– Britain also establishes protectorate over Nigeria– 1900: France adds parts of West Africa– Germany controls Togo, Caeroon and German

Southwest Africa (now Namibia)

North AfricaNorth Africa

Muhammad Ali (NOT )

Suez Canal– Connects Mediterranean to Red Sea– French build canal– links Britain to India… Take great interest in Egypt… Own Suez

Canal…Egyptians revolt…Egypt=English protectorate in 1915– Look to Sudan…

SudanSudan

Sudanese resist British rule- 1885Britain unable to claim Sudan until 1898

Central AfricaCentral Africa

David Livingstone– Explores the interior of Africa and

disappears– Henry Stanley sent to find him

“Dr. Livingstone, I presume”

King Leopold IIKing Leopold II

Belgian kingReal driving force behind the colonization

of Central Africa‘Heart of Darkness’ written about Belgians

in the Congo

East AfricaEast Africa

British and Germany fight over territory

In the 19In the 19thth century, European countries claimed that the conquest century, European countries claimed that the conquest of Africa would bring the benefits of Western civilization to that of Africa would bring the benefits of Western civilization to that

continent. From the perspective of the African peoples, the result continent. From the perspective of the African peoples, the result was…was…

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0% 1. Loss of political independence

2. Fewer agricultural products for foreign trade

3. New national boundaries based on ethnic and cultural similarities

4. Global appreciation for African cultures and encouragement of their development


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The belief that it is the right of the strong The belief that it is the right of the strong to take over the weak is known as…to take over the weak is known as…

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0% 1. Social Darwinism

2. Imperialism

3. Racism

4. Creationism


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The European policy of paternalism The European policy of paternalism reflected the belief that Africans should reflected the belief that Africans should

be..be..

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0% 1. Separated into ethnic groups

2. Trained to function as leaders

3. Watched over and taken care of

4. Granted more rights and freedoms


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Which of the following is an example Which of the following is an example of a positive effect of imperialism?of a positive effect of imperialism?

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0% 1. Wealth

2. Stable economies

3. Lasting stability

4. Roads


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European colonial actions sometimes resulted in tribal European colonial actions sometimes resulted in tribal conflict among native Africans. Which colonial practice conflict among native Africans. Which colonial practice

most frequently resulted in such conflict?most frequently resulted in such conflict?

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0% 1. Europeans let Africans remain in power

2. Europeans created artificial borders in Africa

3. Europeans converted Africans to Christianity

4. Europeans spread democracy in their colonies Response GridResponse Grid

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400 Participant 23

South AfricaSouth Africa

Original Dutch settlers--- Boer descendants British take over– Boers leave Boers fight the Zulu people Zulus lead by Shaka, a talented ruler British get involved and defeat Zulu after Shaka’s

death British fight Boers, and win

– Angered by guerrilla tactics– 1910: British create Union of South Africa

To appease voters, only whites can vote

By 1914, only Liberia remains free in the entire continent of Africa…– Why Liberia? – Created by freed American slaves– Back to Africa Movement and Marcus Garvey

How to rule…How to rule…

Britain relied on existing political elites to govern their territories.

Most European nations used direct rule.– French wanted to assimilate the

Africans. No more traditions.

New African leaders emerge.New African leaders emerge.

20th century sees Western educated Africans lead their people.

Organized political parties and movements to end foreign rule.

Many admired Western life and wanted to bring it to their nation.

African IndependenceAfrican Independence

During the 1950s and 60s, most African nations gained their independence.

Ghana, formerly the Golden Coast, was the first in 1957.

South Africa – African National Congress helped lead the fight.

By the 1950s, South African By the 1950s, South African whites, Afrikaners, ruled.whites, Afrikaners, ruled.

Strengthened laws separating whites and blacks.

Racial segregation – ApartheidBlacks demonstrated – Nelson

Mandela is jailed. (life sentence). Armed resistance is called for .

Most new African leaders Most new African leaders were Western educatedwere Western educated..

Most wanted Western Democratic model used for Africa.

Some wanted Pan-Africanism : unity of ALL African nations.

1976 – UN asks for end to Apartheid, boycott trade.

1985: Mandela offered freedom, he refuses

Bishop Desmond Tutu works to free Mandela.

1990 – FREEDOM1994 – becomes

their first black president.

After IndependenceAfter Independence

Many nations rely on a single crop – drought.

Corruption and bribery.1957-1982 : over 70 leaders are

overthrown ruled, by military.Some democracies emerge.

Poverty is widespread.AIDS has hit these nations the

hardest.Women do not have total equality

to men.Many still live in rural areas.

One factor that motivated One factor that motivated imperialism…imperialism…

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0% 1. Development of closer political ties with European nations

2. Closing of China to all foreign trade

3. Support of international peacekeeping operations

4. Acquisition of new markets and sources of raw materials Response GridResponse Grid

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In the past, European nations have In the past, European nations have practiced imperialism. One reason for this practiced imperialism. One reason for this

is…is…

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0% 1. Industrialization in Europe and the need for raw materials

2. Desire to spread communism

3. European belief in human rights for all people

4. Request of developing nations for modern machinery and technology Response GridResponse Grid

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How did European colonizers view their How did European colonizers view their mining of natural resources in Africa?mining of natural resources in Africa?

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0%

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0% 1. It was a necessity for their countries to survive

2. It was a way to preserve traditions in Africa

3. It was a way to protect Africans from the Industrial Revolution

4. It was their right to take what they wantedResponse GridResponse Grid

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Imperialism affected almost Imperialism affected almost the entire continent of…the entire continent of…

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0% 1. Africa

2. Europe

3. Australia

4. North America


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This is the country in which This is the country in which apartheid is practiced.apartheid is practiced.

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0%

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0% 1. Egypt

2. India

3. South Africa

4. England


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INDIAINDIA

IndiaIndia

Britain controls India in 18th century.

1857 – Sepoy Mutiny – bullets greased with cow fat (sacred to the Hindus).

Revolt crushed in a year.

1876: Queen Victoria named Empress of India as a result of the revolt.

Greatest cost to Indian people was economic hardships.

Large taxes from peasants.Switch from growing food to

cotton to benefit Britain. 30 Million die as a result 1800-1900.

Leads to Armritsar Massacre

British rule degraded even the British rule degraded even the elite Indian. (Racial tensions)elite Indian. (Racial tensions)

Top jobs still given to British.1915 – Mohandas Gandhi leads

independence movement.Most of these nations eventually

fought for their independence and won, some not until the 20th century.

Indian IndependenceIndian Independence

Which was NOT a cost of Which was NOT a cost of British rule of India?British rule of India?

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0% 1. Destroyed local industries

2. Degraded even elite Indian citizens

3. Shipped food from Burma, causing livestock to starve

4. Started producing cotton, which led to food shortages


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The Sepoy Mutiny in India and the Islamic The Sepoy Mutiny in India and the Islamic Revolution are similar in that…Revolution are similar in that…

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0%

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0% 1. Restored power to the hereditary monarchy

2. Attempted to reject traditions

3. Resisted foreign influence

4. Reestablished the power of religious leaders


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In ________imperialism, countries would set up trading In ________imperialism, countries would set up trading posts but would not entirely control other nations.posts but would not entirely control other nations.

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0% 1. New

2. New elite

3. Old school

4. Old


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Which was NOT a motivation Which was NOT a motivation for new imperialism?for new imperialism?

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0% 1. Economic motives

2. Expansion of industrialization

3. Desire for political power

4. Sense of racial superiority


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Both France and England wanted control Both France and England wanted control

of Egypot because Egypt hadof Egypot because Egypt had…………

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0% 1. Control of the spice trade

2. An industrial-based economy

3. Vital mineral resources

4. A strategic location


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