New Imperialism. Old vs. New Old Imperialism 15 th and 16 th centuries Exploration of uncharted...
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Transcript of New Imperialism. Old vs. New Old Imperialism 15 th and 16 th centuries Exploration of uncharted...
New Imperialism
Old vs. New
• Old Imperialism• 15th and 16th centuries• Exploration of uncharted lands
in search of gold & other treasures
• New land to expand kingdoms• Marked by slavery, war,
disease, etc.
Old vs. New
New Imperialism• Late 19th century• Search for natural resources not
available at home• Competition for new lands• Death, disease of indigenous
populations• European migration (except
France, which gained)• Industrialization led to the search
for resources and for new markets (capitalism is growing during this time)
Interpretations and Justifications of
ImperialismEconomic
Natural resources, new markets, opportunity
Cultural/Religious/Social
Cultural and religious superiority
Political The land grab/”spheres of influence”Competition within EuropeCompetition with the United States
Areas of ActivityAfrica (1870 – 1910)
England: Egypt; Anglo-Egyptian Sudan; South Africa; Nigeria; Kenya France: West Africa; Morocco; Tunisia; Algeria Belgium: the Congo Germany: Cameroons; Southwest Africa; German East Africa Portugal, Spain, Italy
Areas of ActivityMiddle East: Ottomans lose most of North Africa
Iran: England, Russia divide into spheres of influence in 1907 Afghanistan: placed under British sphere of influence, late 19th century India: 1857: Sepoy Revolt a British victory. 1858 India becomes a royal colony Southeast Asia: Vietnam, Cambodia taken by France; Burma, Singapore by Britain China: Britain
Imperialism in the Far EastChina resisted westernization – strict laws
governing travel and trade. Europeans were restricted to the City of Canton
British wanted to increase trade with ChinaBritish grew opium in India, smuggled it into ChinaThis was lucrative for both the British gov’t and for the smugglers, both wanted greater access to other provinces1839, the Chinese try to stop the opium tradeBrits refuse to sign an agreement to cease, continue smuggling.Opium Wars (1839 – 1842) beginGreat Britain opens up trade in China by force
Results of the Opium Wars
Chinese ports open to British trade
British goods have favored states in China
British gain control of Hong Kong
Imperialism in Africa
Prior to 1880, European countries controlled less than 10% of African territories
By 1914, European countries controlled more than 90% of Africa
Portuguese first established trade in African in the 15th century
Slave trade grew between 16th and 19th century
Imperialism in Africa
Great African Hunt (1870’s – Early 1900’s)
Competition for territory among European nationsTrading opportunities and missionaries
Belgian CongoPersonal property belonging to King Leopold IIAbuses of laborers led to call for reformTerritory turned over to the Belgian government in 1908
Imperialism in AfricaFrench Possessions
Algeria – captured by Charles XWanted to re-establish power of the BourbonsGained Morocco through diplomacyAccepted the British claim to Egypt
German PossessionsBegan to colonize after unification in 1871Wanted claims to territory in East Africa in order to separate British coloniesAcquired colonies to improve diplomatic positioning
Imperialism in Africa
British PossessionsFrench gained rights to build Suez canal in 1869British needed canal for transportation to IndiaPurchased a major interest in the canal in 1875Establishes control of Egypt in 1880’s, advances to Sudan