The New Imperialism
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The New Imperialism Europe Meets the World
description
The New Imperialism. Europe Meets the World. “Lopsided World”. The Industrial Revolution created an economic gap between Europe and the rest of the world in the 19 th century. 19 th c . the “British Century” “Third World” / Non-Industrialized. Conquest of Distance. Railroads Steamboats - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of The New Imperialism
“Lopsided World”The Industrial Revolution created an
economic gap between Europe and the rest of the world in the 19th century.
19th c. the “British Century”“Third World” / Non-Industrialized
Conquest of DistanceRailroadsSteamboatsCanals
Suez – EgyptPanama
Increase in intercontinental trade
CanalsWith the construction of the Panama
and Suez Canals, the world is getting smaller than ever…
Panama Canal(1914)
Suez Canal(1869)
Emigration Not only were Europeans
reproducing in record numbers at the turn on the 20th century, but they were also leaving Europe in record numbers
“Great Migration”
Europeans nearly 40 percent of global population in 1900.
A lot can change in 100 years…
World Population in 2005
New Imperialism1880-1914
European nations take control over most of the globe.
Different from “Old Imperialism” of the Age of Exploration
British Empire By 1921:
¼ of global population and land mass
AfricaThe “Dark
Continent”
In 1880, Westerners had only claimed a few coastal areas… the rest was a mystery.
“The Dark Continent is no place for an addict, Elaine.” – J. Peterman
http://jpeterman.com/
Africa1880 – 1914
Several European nations claim portions of Africa
The Scrambl
e for Africa
1886
1914http://unimaps.com/africa
Belgian CongoKing Leopold
governed directly
Local inhabitants treated harshly
Rubber
Sir Cecil RhodesBritishMade a fortune
mining diamonds in S. Africa
DeBeers Corporation
“Band of Brothers”
RhodesiaRhodes
ScholarshipsPhilanthropy
Rhodes MonumentSouth Africa
British Imperial Wars (Africa)
Boer Wars vs. Boers (Afrikaners)
Descendents of original Dutch Calvinist colonists
Anglo-Zulu War vs. native Zulu tribe
Boer guerrillas during the
Second Boer War
“Buffalo Horns”
Formation
(Zulu)
Quinine Used to treat
malaria – a common disease in Sub-Saharan Africa and India
Bitter Taste – best when combined with other ingredients
Tonic Water
British India
British East India Company (Until 1858)
“Mutiny” (1857-1858)
Raj (1858-1947) India governed directly by British gov.
British IndiaAdministration
3,500 member British civil service
300 Million Indians
British IndiaThe British
established a secondary education system
English-speaking, Indian elite served in the British government and army
Absorbed British culture
Glass CeilingHighest positions
were still filled by the British
Resentment
Nationalism starts with this offended Indian elite
ChinaClosed System1500 – Most
Advanced Technologies
Europeans borrow during Age of Exploration
1800 – Behind Europe Technologically
China
China still not interested in European goods in 19th century
British have to pay for Chinese goods with silver.
ChinaOpium Trade
Grown in India, sold in China
Opium Wars 1839-42, 1856-60
British Win – gain Hong Kong
(returned to China in 1997)
Opium
SilverChin
aBritish
India
Japan1500s – Jesuit missionaries arrive1600s – Jesuits – and all outsiders –
expelled
1853 – Commodore Matthew Perry (U.S.N.) demands negotiations
Japan opens/Westernizes
Reasons for New Imperialism
Technology Gap in late 19th century Greater than any time before or
since National Security
Protect investments (e.g., Suez Canal)
Naval Bases Special Interests (missionaries,
etc.) Adventure Civilizing Mission
Education White Man’s Burden / Brown Man’s
Burden
Social Darwinism Origin of the
Species (1859) Evolutionary
theory Common descent Survival of the
fittest
Social Darwinism Social Darwinism
applies Darwin’s scientific findings to justify fierce competition between individuals and nations for dominance.
Herbert Spencer
Social Darwinism
“I contend… that we [English] are the finest race in the world and the more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the human race.”
-- Sir Cecil Rhodes
Critics of Imperialsim J.A. Hobson, Imperialism: A Study
(1905)
“Cui bono?” (Who benefits?)
V.I. LeninImperialism: The
Highest Stage of Capitalism
Claimed that capitalist nations needed imperialism in order to survive… they would eventually run out of territories to exploit.
Russo-Japanese
War
Who Will
Control
Korea?
Westernization
Mikasa
British-built
Japanese
Battleship
Siege of Port Arthur
Russian Pacific Fleet
destroyed
July, 1904 – Jan., 1905
Russia Redeploys
Baltic Fleet
Russia Loses Again
Japan WinsFirst victory of an Asian Power over European Power
Treaty of PortsmouthThe
U.S. Mediate
s
NOBEL PEACE PRIZE (1906
)
