New Civil Rights Issues.ppt - Ms. Solomon · Malcolm X ‐Info Malcolm X • Born Malcolm Little,...

4
03/28/2016 1 New Civil Rights Issues Chapter 16 Lesson 3 The Black Muslim Movement Led by Elijah Muhammad Black nationalism, separatism, selfimprovement Malcolm X Converted to Islam while in prison Critical of MLK Wanted selfdefense & violence Assassination of Malcolm X Shot 16 times by black opponents (1965)

Transcript of New Civil Rights Issues.ppt - Ms. Solomon · Malcolm X ‐Info Malcolm X • Born Malcolm Little,...

Page 1: New Civil Rights Issues.ppt - Ms. Solomon · Malcolm X ‐Info Malcolm X • Born Malcolm Little, Malcolm X became involved in a life of crime. • In prison, Malcolm educated himself

03/28/2016

1

New Civil Rights IssuesChapter 16 Lesson 3

The Black Muslim Movement

• Led by Elijah Muhammad • Black nationalism, separatism, self‐improvement

Malcolm X• Converted to Islam while in prison 

• Critical of MLK 

• Wanted self‐defense & violence

Assassination of Malcolm X

• Shot 16 times by black opponents (1965)

Page 2: New Civil Rights Issues.ppt - Ms. Solomon · Malcolm X ‐Info Malcolm X • Born Malcolm Little, Malcolm X became involved in a life of crime. • In prison, Malcolm educated himself

03/28/2016

2

Malcolm X ‐ InfoMalcolm X• Born Malcolm Little, Malcolm X became involved in a life of crime.• In prison, Malcolm educated himself and learned to debate.• He joined the Nation of Islam, a Black Nationalist group that believed in racial separatism and black self‐government.

• Malcolm changed his last name to “X” to symbolize the names stolen from his ancestors when they were taken into slavery.

• His vocal criticisms of white society and the civil rights movement drew national attention.• Believed African Americans should form separate state because interracial cooperation was impossible

• Fight violence with violence

Changing Views• After breaking with the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X concluded that integration was possible.• Broke vows after a trip to Mecca where he saw Muslims of all backgrounds worshiping together and realized he didn’t believe in separation

• He continued to criticize the organization and its scandals.• He was assassinated in February 1965.

Stokely Carmichael• “Black Power”• racial separatism

Black Power‐ InfoKing’s Influence Fades• After Dr. King’s inability to effect change in Chicago, many urban young people began calling for more aggressive forms of protest.

• CORE and the SNCC voted to expel whites from their leadership.

Black Power• The term had many meanings.• To SNCC leader Stokely Carmichael, it meant that African Americans should control the social, political, and economic direction of their struggle.

• To others, it meant that African Americans should use armed or violent struggle as a means for change.

• Dr. King criticized the black power movement as a philosophy of hopelessness and despair.

Black Culture• Black power stressed pride in African American culture.• Afrocentric hair, clothing, and names became popular.• University students demanded courses that reflected their heritage.

Black Panthers

• Huey Newton and Bobby Seale• Violent

• wanted self‐rule for blacks

Page 3: New Civil Rights Issues.ppt - Ms. Solomon · Malcolm X ‐Info Malcolm X • Born Malcolm Little, Malcolm X became involved in a life of crime. • In prison, Malcolm educated himself

03/28/2016

3

Black Panthers‐ InfoBlack Panthers•This African American organization used Malcolm X’s ideas to promote revolution.

•They called on African Americans to take control of institutions in African American neighborhoods, by force if necessary.

•Wanted to protect black neighborhoods in Oakland, California•Called for arming African Americans•Also had many strong social programs

1968 Olympics

1968 Olympics ‐ Info•Many in the crowd booed 1968 U.S. Olympic runners Tommie Smith and John Carlos after they raised their arms in the "black power" salute during the awards ceremony.

•At a later press conference, Smith said the black socks with no shoes each man wore represented the poverty of the African American people. The black scarf around his neck represented African American pride.

•Smith's raised right fist represented "black power," while Carlos's raised left fist represented "black unity." Combined, the fists formed an arch of power and unity.

•Smith said, "If I win I am an American, not a black American. But if I did something bad then they would say 'a Negro'. We are black and we are proud of being black.“

•The International Olympic Committee condemned the athletes' actions. Although they kept their medals, they were expelled from the Olympic village and sent back to the United States. They were also suspended from their national team.

•Many African Americans gave Smith and Carlos a hero's welcome. Others saw them as troublemakers who had violated the spirit of the Olympic Games by expressing their political views.

•Both Smith and Carlos later became high school athletics coaches. In 1998 they were honored for their part in supporting the African American civil rights movement.

Page 4: New Civil Rights Issues.ppt - Ms. Solomon · Malcolm X ‐Info Malcolm X • Born Malcolm Little, Malcolm X became involved in a life of crime. • In prison, Malcolm educated himself

03/28/2016

4

Murder in Memphis

• April 4, 1968• MLK, Jr. Shot outside motel in TN

• Assassin James Earl Ray 

• 168 cities erupt into riots

Riots

• Kerner investigation “two societies, one black, one white‐separate and unequal”

• 1964‐1968 riots erupt across cities

The Poverty Trap• In 1965 nearly 70 percent of African Americans lived in large cities.• Many African Americans held low‐paying, low‐level jobs.• Their income was about half that of whites, while their unemployment rate was double.Poor Neighborhoods• Poor African American neighborhoods saw overcrowding, high illness rates, high juvenile and adult crime rates, high dropout rates, and rising numbers of single‐parent households.

The Watts Riot• days after the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was signed (neighborhood in LA)• responding to police brutality.• 34 people killed and 900 woundedThe Unrest Spreads• Riots broke out in dozens of cities between 1965 and 1968.• The Detroit riot of 1967 resulted in 43 deaths and more than 1,000 wounded.• Fires destroyed thousands of buildings before the army regained control.The Kerner Commission• Established by President Johnson• investigated the source of the riots• identified persistent racism as the cause for most inner‐city problemsRecommendations• The commission called for:• the creation of millions of jobs• public housing units• renewed government commitment to fight de facto segregation• President Johnson never endorsed the commission’s ideas, but the president’s War on Poverty campaign addressed some of the issues identified