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by

V.KARTHIK

1/2 Mtech

VLSI design

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`  Abstract

` Nano technology

` Historical review

` Description`  Advantages

` Draw backs

`  Applications

` Conclusion

` References

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` main aim of new technologies is to make products

economical and wide range of applications.

` This is achieved when we manufacture productsright from the molecular level.

` So we realize this with the advent of new

technology called NANOTECHNOLOGY.

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 ` Nanotechnology deals with the creation of useful

materials and devices of nanometer size.

` Nanometer can be visualised as billionth of ameter or millionth of a millimeter or it is 1/80000

width of a human hair.

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` Manipulation of atoms is first talked about by

noble laureate Dr.Richard Feyngman in 1959.

` The concept of nanotechnology is introduced byDrexler in 1981 through his article ³The Engines

Of Creation´.

` In 1990,IBM researchers showed that it ispossible to manipulate single atoms

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One of the fascinating application of 

nanotechnology in the field of medicine is in the

for m of a pill camera or capsule camera

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` The standard method of detecting abnor malities in the

intestines is through endoscopic examination in which

doctors scope into small intestine via mouth and it

involves surgery

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` Imagine a vitamin pill sized camera that could

travel through your body taking pictures , helping

in diagnose a problem called capsule endoscopy

which can happen through nanotechnology.` capsule endoscopy consists of a disposable video

camera encapsulated into a pill like camera that is

swallowed with water.

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The wireless camera takes 1000¶s of high qualitydigital images within the body as it passes throughthe entire length of the intestine.

The latest pill camera is 26*11mm and is capableof transmitting 50,000 color images during its

 journey in body.

The capsule transmits the images to a datarecorder, which is worn on a belt around the

patient¶s waist while going about his/her day asusual .

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` Camera (image sensor)

` Lens(magnification)

` Lamp

` Transmitter(antenna)` Batteries(power)

` Micro actuator(memory)

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` Uni directional capsule:

It just transmits images to the recorder 

` Bidirectional capsule:It transmits the images and its functions are can

be controlled by external circuit

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Useful in diagnosing the body without involving

surgery and in less time

It can record the image of the smallest part of the

body so that it is easy to find out any malfunction

in the body at earlier stages

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patients with gastrointestinal structures or narrowing

are not good candidates for this procedure due to

risk of obstruction.

If there is a partial obstruction in the small intestine,

there is a risk that the pill will get stuck

The pill camera can transmit image from inside to

outside the body. consequently it becomes

impossible to control the camera behavior , including

the on off power functions and effective illuminationsinside the intestine.

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` The f irst drawback is overcome using rice- grain

sized motor . This miniature motor, when attached

to the pill camera gives it a propelling action inside

the body, whichm

akes it easy for the pill to find itsway through the digestive system.

` The other two drawbacks can be overcome

using a bidirectional wireless telemetrycamera.

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` Treatment of cancer cells in stomach and intestine

` To find any unwanted growths and obstructions

` To find if there is any internal bleeding

` To find if there is any gastro-instenial problems

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` Now a days electronics and its devices plays an

important role in medical field

` But we can create wonders with the nanoelectronic devices

` Scientists are making efforts to make efficient

nano robots to get every thing automated

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IEEE issue on the applications of 

NANAOTECHNOLOGY -12TH march 2008

Nanotechnology in medicine ± Youlu zheng,Shakil Akthar 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsule_endoscopy

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