Neuron Session
Transcript of Neuron Session
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Neural and Hormonal SystemsWill Explain Why We FEEL
Pain
Strong
Sick
Nervous
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It all Starts with the Neuron
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Neuron Structure
Neurons do NOT touch each other- the
space in between is call the synapse.
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How a Neuron Fires
It is an electrochemical process
Electrical inside the neuron
Chemical outside the neuron (inthe synapse in the form of a
neurotransmitter). The firing is called Action Potential.
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The All-or None Response
The idea thateither theneuron fires orit does not- nopart way firing.
Like a gun
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Steps of Action Potential Dendrites receive neurotransmitter from another
neuron across the synapse.
Reached its threshold- then fires based on theall-or-none response.
Opens up a portal in axon, and lets in positive ions(Sodium) which mix with negative ions (Potassium)
that is already inside the axon (thus Neurons atrest have a slightly negative charge). The mixing of + and ions causes an electrical
charge that opens up the next portal (letting inmore K) while closing the original portal.
Process continues down axon to the axonterminal.
Terminal buttons turns electrical charge intochemical (neurotransmitter) and shoots message
to next neuron across the synapse.
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Action Potential
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How Neurons Communicate
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Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers released by
terminal buttons through the
synapse.
We should know at least 4 types
and what they do.
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Acetylcholine Its function is motor movement and
maybe memory.
Too much and you will.
Not enough and you will.
Lack of ACH has been linked to
Alzheimers disease.
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Dopamine Its function is motor movement and
alertness.
Lack of dopamine is
associated with
Parkinsons disease.
Overabundance is
associated with
schizophrenia.
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Serotonin
Function deals with mood control.
Lack of serotonin has
been linked to
depression.
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Endorphins
Function deals with paincontrol.
We become addictedto endorphin causing
feelings.
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Agonists and Antagonists
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Types of Neurons
Sensory NeuronsMotor Neurons
Inter Neurons
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Sensory Neurons
(Afferent Neurons) Take information from the senses
to the brain.
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Inter Neurons
Take messages
from Sensory
Neurons to other
parts of the brain
or to Motor
Neurons.
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Motor Neurons
(Efferent Neurons) Take information from brain to the
rest of the body.
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Divisions of the Nervous System
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Sympathetic Nervous System
Flight or Fight Response
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A Simple Reflex
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A Simplified Neural Network
Neurons that learn to worktogether as a team.
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The Endocrine System
A system of glands that secretehormones.Similar to nervous system,
except hormones work a lotslower than neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitters
Hormones
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The Major Endocrine Glands