Nervous System

Nervous SystemNervous System

By: Aramis JohnsonBy: Aramis Johnson

AndAnd

Nate SommersNate Sommers

Why is it important?Why is it important?

• Master Controller Master Controller of your body.of your body.

• Translates Translates thought into thought into action.action.

• Regulates and Regulates and maintains maintains functions within functions within your body.your body.

Components of Nervous Components of Nervous SystemSystem

• CNS(Central Nervous System)CNS(Central Nervous System)– Contains brain and spinal cord.Contains brain and spinal cord.

• PNS(Peripheral Nervous System)PNS(Peripheral Nervous System)– Nerves that extend from brain and Nerves that extend from brain and

spinal cord.spinal cord.• Spinal nerves carry impulses to and from Spinal nerves carry impulses to and from

the spinal cord.the spinal cord.• Cranial nerves carry impulses to and from Cranial nerves carry impulses to and from

the brain.the brain.

CNSCNS

• Sensory or afferent division has nerve Sensory or afferent division has nerve fibers that transport impulses fibers that transport impulses TOTO the the CNS from receptors in the body.CNS from receptors in the body.

• Motor or efferent division carries Motor or efferent division carries impulses impulses FROMFROM the CNS to effector the CNS to effector organs, muscles, and glands.organs, muscles, and glands.– Somatic(SNS)Somatic(SNS)

SNSSNS

• Allows voluntary control of our Allows voluntary control of our skeletal muscles also known as skeletal muscles also known as voluntary nervous system.voluntary nervous system.– Not all skeletal muscle activity Not all skeletal muscle activity

controlled by this systemcontrolled by this system– Fibers control skeletal muscle Fibers control skeletal muscle

reflexes.reflexes.

It’s a brain.

Anatomy & PhysiologyAnatomy & Physiology

• Prosencephalon (Forebrain)Prosencephalon (Forebrain)– TelencephalonTelencephalon

• Neocortex; Basal Ganglia; Amygdala; Neocortex; Basal Ganglia; Amygdala; Hippocampus; Lateral VentriclesHippocampus; Lateral Ventricles

– DiencephalonDiencephalon• Thalamus; Hypothalamus; Epithalamus; Thalamus; Hypothalamus; Epithalamus;

Third VentricleThird Ventricle

Anatomy & Physiology Anatomy & Physiology (ctd.)(ctd.)

• Mesencephalon (Midbrain)Mesencephalon (Midbrain)– MesencephalonMesencephalon

• Tectum; Tegmentum; Cerebral AqueductTectum; Tegmentum; Cerebral Aqueduct

• Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain)Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain)– MetencephalonMetencephalon

• Cerebellum; Pons; Fourth VentricleCerebellum; Pons; Fourth Ventricle

– MyelencephalonMyelencephalon• Medulla Oblongata; Fourth VentricleMedulla Oblongata; Fourth Ventricle

ANS (Autonomic Nervous ANS (Autonomic Nervous System)System)

• Regulates Regulates

– MusclesMuscles

• In the skinIn the skin

• Around blood vesselsAround blood vessels

• In the eyeIn the eye

• In the stomachIn the stomach

• Of the heartOf the heart

– GlandsGlands

• Divided into 3 partsDivided into 3 parts

– Sympathetic nervous systemSympathetic nervous system

– Parasympathetic nervous systemParasympathetic nervous system

– Enteric nervous systemEnteric nervous system

SympatheticSympathetic

• ““Fight or Flight” responseFight or Flight” response– Emergencies that cause stress enable this Emergencies that cause stress enable this

responseresponse• Either stay and fight or take flight (run away)Either stay and fight or take flight (run away)

ParasympatheticParasympathetic

• ““Rest and Digest”Rest and Digest”– Non-emergencies enable this responseNon-emergencies enable this response

• Allows us to rest (sleep, sit down, etc.) and digest Allows us to rest (sleep, sit down, etc.) and digest food that we have eaten.food that we have eaten.

– During this phase, our metabolism kicks in allowing During this phase, our metabolism kicks in allowing digestion.digestion.

Diseases/DisordersDiseases/Disorders

• Alzheimer's DiseaseAlzheimer's Disease– It's not a normal part of aging; it It's not a normal part of aging; it

attacks the brainattacks the brain

– The person will loose normal The person will loose normal

intellectual brain functions intellectual brain functions • Called dementiaCalled dementia


• AutismAutism– It's symptoms include:It's symptoms include:

• Communication problemsCommunication problems

• Repetitive movementsRepetitive movements

• Problems with social interactionProblems with social interaction

– Unknown causeUnknown cause


• Obsessive Compulsive DisorderObsessive Compulsive Disorder– OCDOCD

– Anxiety disorder that is characterized Anxiety disorder that is characterized

by recurring thoughts and repetitive by recurring thoughts and repetitive

behaviorsbehaviors

– Examples include:Examples include:• Counting stepsCounting steps

• Hand-washingHand-washing

• Checking or cleaning repeatedly Checking or cleaning repeatedly


• Bipolar DisorderBipolar Disorder

– Changes in moods, energy, and behaviorChanges in moods, energy, and behavior

– Also called Manic Depressive IllnessAlso called Manic Depressive Illness

• Has many symptomsHas many symptoms

– During the “High” stage the person may During the “High” stage the person may

experience:experience:

» Excessive talking, reduced need for sleep, Excessive talking, reduced need for sleep,

inflated self-esteem, etc.inflated self-esteem, etc.

– During the “low” stage the person may During the “low” stage the person may

experienceexperience

» Loss of energy, agitation, and repeated Loss of energy, agitation, and repeated

thoughts of suicide or deaththoughts of suicide or death


• EpilepsyEpilepsy– It is not contagiousIt is not contagious

• People suffering from it are not crazy!!!!People suffering from it are not crazy!!!!

– Greek origin meaning “to seize or Greek origin meaning “to seize or

posses”posses”

– Prevents brain from interpreting and Prevents brain from interpreting and

processing sensory intakeprocessing sensory intake

– Prevents muscle controlPrevents muscle control

Effects of Drugs & AlcoholEffects of Drugs & Alcohol• MarijuanaMarijuana

– Low-medium doses causeLow-medium doses cause

• RelaxationRelaxation

• Reduced coordinationReduced coordination

• Reduced blood pressureReduced blood pressure

• SleepinessSleepiness

• Disruption in attentionDisruption in attention

• An altered sense of time and spaceAn altered sense of time and space

– High doses causeHigh doses cause

• HallucinationsHallucinations

• DelusionsDelusions

• Impaired memoryImpaired memory

• DisorientationDisorientation

Effects of Drugs and Effects of Drugs and Alcohol (ctd.)Alcohol (ctd.)

• AlcoholAlcohol

– Factors that influence how alcohol will Factors that influence how alcohol will

effect your bodyeffect your body

• AgeAge

• GenderGender

• Physical conditionPhysical condition

• Amount of food in your systemAmount of food in your system

• Other drugs or medicines takenOther drugs or medicines taken


• AlcoholAlcohol

– In low dosesIn low doses

• Relaxing effectRelaxing effect

• Reduces tensionReduces tension

• Impairs judgmentImpairs judgment

• Slows reflexesSlows reflexes

– In medium dosesIn medium doses

• Slurred speechSlurred speech

• Altered emotionsAltered emotions

• DrowsinessDrowsiness


• AlcoholAlcohol

– High dosesHigh doses

• VomitingVomiting

• Breathing difficultiesBreathing difficulties

• UnconsciousnessUnconsciousness

• ComaComa


• ChocolateChocolate

– There is a chemical in chocolate that behaves like There is a chemical in chocolate that behaves like

THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) found in THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) found in

marijuanamarijuana

• Dark chocolate contains more of this chemical Dark chocolate contains more of this chemical

(anandamide) than milk chocolate(anandamide) than milk chocolate

– This chemical is already in your brain but This chemical is already in your brain but

breaks down quickly, chocolate makes this breaks down quickly, chocolate makes this

chemical break down slower causing us to chemical break down slower causing us to

feel “happy” longerfeel “happy” longer

HyperlinksHyperlinks

• http://www.nimh.nih.gov/

• http://faculty.washington.edu/

Nervous System

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