NeoclassicismNeoclassicism• NeoclassicismNeoclassicism became the leading art became the leading art

movement in France during the French movement in France during the French Revolution and subsequently as the style of Revolution and subsequently as the style of choice during the rule of dictator Napoleon choice during the rule of dictator Napoleon Bonaparte.Bonaparte.

• Focused on the concepts of the French Focused on the concepts of the French Revolution: “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.”Revolution: “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.”

• Patriotic andd somewhat anti-religiousPatriotic andd somewhat anti-religious• Inspired by ancient Greece & Rome and the Inspired by ancient Greece & Rome and the

Renaissance.Renaissance.• Rejects the excess and frivolity of Baroque Rejects the excess and frivolity of Baroque

and Rococo – Neoclassicism is a reaction to and Rococo – Neoclassicism is a reaction to these.these.

• Also became popular in the United States as Also became popular in the United States as they were experiencing their own American they were experiencing their own American Revolution based on similar principles.Revolution based on similar principles.

Rococo Art in France:Rococo Art in France:• MoodMood: playful, : playful, energeticenergetic• StyleStyle: light, : light, graceful, delicategraceful, delicate• ColoursColours: white, : white, silver, gold, pinks, silver, gold, pinks, greens, bluesgreens, blues• elegant, refined, elegant, refined, rich, upper classrich, upper class

Baroque Art in France:Baroque Art in France:

• MoodMood: emotional, : emotional, pompous, ornatepompous, ornate• StyleStyle: dark, fancy, : dark, fancy, inspired by natureinspired by nature• religious, royalty, religious, royalty, luxury, gold / silverluxury, gold / silver

PREVIOUS / CONTEMPORARY ART MOVEMENTS THAT FELL OUT OF FAVOUR…PREVIOUS / CONTEMPORARY ART MOVEMENTS THAT FELL OUT OF FAVOUR…

• Art used to convey PatriotismArt used to convey Patriotism• Meant to be morally uplifting and Meant to be morally uplifting and inspirationalinspirational• Strict use / copying of classical (Greek Strict use / copying of classical (Greek & Roman) architectural features: & Roman) architectural features: columns, domes, archescolumns, domes, arches

ValuesValues: order, solemnity: order, solemnityToneTone: calm and rational: calm and rationalSubjectSubject: Greek & Roman history, : Greek & Roman history, mythologymythologyTechniquesTechniques: drawing with lines (not : drawing with lines (not colour), no trace of brushstrokescolour), no trace of brushstrokes

Neoclassicism was a reaction to Neoclassicism was a reaction to Baroque & Rococo…Baroque & Rococo…

25.25. Jacques-Louis David. Jacques-Louis David. Oath of the HoratiiOath of the Horatii. (1784-1785). (1784-1785)

• worked for worked for King Louis King Louis XVI, then XVI, then French French Revolution, Revolution, then then NapoleonNapoleon

• studied studied classical art classical art in Romein Rome

• known for known for no visible no visible brushstrokesbrushstrokes

• political political message of message of unity and unity and patriotismpatriotism

Other notable works by Jacques-Louis David…Other notable works by Jacques-Louis David…

The Death of MaratThe First Consul crossed the Alps at the Col du Grand St. Bernard

Intervention of the Sabine Women

The Coronation of Napoleon and Josephine

26.26. Dominique Ingres. Dominique Ingres. Napoleon I on His Imperial Napoleon I on His Imperial ThroneThrone. (1806). (1806)

• A student of J-L David’sA student of J-L David’s

• Known as a talented portraitistKnown as a talented portraitist

• Used by Napoleon, along with Used by Napoleon, along with David and other artists, to create David and other artists, to create artistic propaganda for his ruleartistic propaganda for his rule

• How are elements of ancient How are elements of ancient Greece and Rome used here to Greece and Rome used here to glorify and promote Napoleon’s glorify and promote Napoleon’s authority? What is he trying to say?authority? What is he trying to say?

Other notable works by Dominique Ingres…Other notable works by Dominique Ingres…

Princess de Broglie Portrait of Bier

Grande Odalisque

27.27. Antonio Canova. Antonio Canova. Paolina Borghese Paolina Borghese as Venus Victrixas Venus Victrix. (1805-1808) Marble.. (1805-1808) Marble.

• portrait of Napoleon’s sister, when engaged portrait of Napoleon’s sister, when engaged to Camillo Borghese of Rometo Camillo Borghese of Rome

• Paolina is shown as Paolina is shown as Venus, Goddess of Venus, Goddess of Love – ancient Love – ancient tradition of showing tradition of showing contemporary people contemporary people as gods/goddessesas gods/goddesses

• may be idealized may be idealized female form or a female form or a realistic portrait realistic portrait (unknown)(unknown)

Other examples of NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTURE…Other examples of NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTURE…

Canova’s Cupid and Psyche Statue of Liberty

28.28. Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson. MonticelloMonticello. (1770-1784). (1770-1784)

• American Revolution also happening at this time (similar to France)American Revolution also happening at this time (similar to France)

• Jefferson brought Neoclassical art / architecture of Paris back to the U.S.Jefferson brought Neoclassical art / architecture of Paris back to the U.S.

• architecture was returning back to balance and classical ideals – can you identify architecture was returning back to balance and classical ideals – can you identify some of these features?some of these features?

Other examples of NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE…Other examples of NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE…

• Arc de Arc de Triomphe, Triomphe, Paris (Paris (leftleft))

• Brandenburg Brandenburg Gate, Berlin Gate, Berlin ((rightright))

• Pantheon, Pantheon, Paris (Paris (leftleft))

• The White The White House, House, Washington Washington D.C. (D.C. (rightright))