Day 9 AgendaDay 9 Agenda

09.15 Revision09.45 Personal Protection Equipment10.30 Break10.45 Accident Investigation, RIDDOR, First Aid at Work12.30 Lunch 1.30 Practical assessment Preparation 3.00 Break 3.15 Practical assessment Preparation Continued4.15 Review and Link to Day 10 4.30 Course Close

P. P. E.P. P. E.

Personal Protective Equipment at Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992Work Regulations 1992

• Equipment designed to be worn or held by a person at work for protection against a specific risk (not ordinary work clothes)

• Hazard to include inclement weather• Always look at ‘safe place controls’ first• PPE - last stage of control

Provision and suitability– Suitable for both Hazard and Ergonomically

sound for the Person within the design range Compatibility Assessment of risks Maintenance Storage/ accommodation Information, instruction, training Use by employees, report defect Replacement

Personal Protective Equipment at Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992Work Regulations 1992

Considerations for Design and UseConsiderations for Design and UseDesign hazard & risk required function conditions effective control without

increasing overall risk CE marked

Wearer health capabilities limitations perception of the hazard fit- ergonomic needs

anatomy, av. size, comfort

Effectiveness / ‘Acceptability’Effectiveness / ‘Acceptability’ Comfort

– Intrusion on personal comfort– Coping with discomfort & continued use

Perceived protection– Knowledge of hazard– Assessment of risk– Reinforced – Information Instructions and

Training Ease of use

– Simple and easy to use– Close to hand

ExerciseExercise

In what circumstances should PPE be used? How will you choose what PPE will be most

suitable? Will you be able to charge workers for it?

Consider footwear as an example

Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory Protection Respirators

– Filters, needs appropriate filter for contaminant / s– Require environment to support life– Positive and Negative pressures (problem with seal)

Breathing apparatus– Doesn’t need good wholesome air– Has a defined time / distance– Different types :

• Umbilical air fed type• Cylinder type

Categories of PPECategories of PPE Head

– eyes – ears – respiratory protection

Arm and hand Body protection Skin Legs Feet

Typical PPE QuestionsTypical PPE Questions

1. Outline the factors to be considered in the correct selection of respiratory protection equipment for use at work (8)

2. a) Explain the difference between Breathing apparatus and Respirators(2)b) Describe one type of breathing apparatus and state the limitations of its use (6)

Accident Accident InvestigationInvestigation

Accident Investigation DefinitionAccident Investigation Definition

The Investigation should highlight the deficiencies in the interaction between :-

• The Environment• Management Systems• Equipment• Personal Factors• The Task

A “Systematic Observation, Analysis and Evaluation of Events that have occurred which have caused damage to People, Property and Product OR had the potential to do so“.

Accident Investigation OutcomesAccident Investigation Outcomes Specific Instructions by Management Establishment of a Working Party Issue of:

– Codes of practice– New methods of work ( systems of work )

Identification of training needs Task analysis Provision of further information Additional monitoring Fines, Compensation, Insurance Loss of work, orders, goodwill Prohibition, Close Down

ALL COST, TIME, or RESOURCE

Accident InvestigationAccident InvestigationGeneral PointsGeneral Points

Complete Investigation and report within 24 hours Delegate investigation if busy Never delay medical help to question an injured person Ensure it is safe to interview, ask doctor / nurse Injured person may be confused “state of shock” Keep eye witnesses apart (not always reliable ) Interview separately Clarify the difference between fact and opinion Record as much factual detail as possible positions, distances etc, ( Cameras both still and Video ) Retain items as evidence

Accidents / Ill Health: Accidents / Ill Health: Investigation ProcedureInvestigation Procedure

Report the Accident Investigation Procedure

– Establish the facts – Gather Information– Draw conclusions– Report the results

Prevent a recurrence

Investigation SequenceInvestigation Sequence Statutory and Other Notification Site Visit Record Physical details Conduct Site Interviews Conduct Off-Site Interviews Draft a Report Decide upon Remedial action Produce the Final Report Implement Remedial Action Monitor Effectiveness Feed back Information to Personnel involved

Accident Investigation KitAccident Investigation Kit Pen, Paper, Clipboard Camera, Video Tape and Rule An Aide Memoir

– Subjects to cover, questions to ask, and a Pro-forma sheet to record basic details e.g ; dates, times, weather, location, conditions, people etc

Tape recorder :- ( Advantages )

Accident Communication Sequence / ActionAccident Communication Sequence / Action

ACCIDENT

Dangerous occurrence

FatalInjury

Reportable Injury

ReportableDisease

InformInspectorate

InformPolice

Inform HSEInsurers

Investigate, Record DetailsCollate Report

Site VisitSite Visit Immediate Site Visits are Very Important to :-

– Familiarise yourself with the physical layout– If you don’t go, any conclusions will be from other peoples reports, which

are open to misunderstanding and misinterpretation Establish Site Activities

– The type of work and operation– How many people, what grades etc– Materials and equipment used

Confirm with someone who would be familiar Record Details of the Accident Site

– A scaled picture is worth a thousand words– Facts, time, machine, task, speed,etc– Talk directly to the people to identify ‘how the accident happened’

Question whether you are at the’ True Accident Site’ ?

Investigation ProcedureInvestigation Procedure

P - people

E - equipment

M - materials

E - environment

Remember that the main reason for investigating accidents is to find out the facts and prevent a recurrence - NOT TO ALLOCATE BLAME

Information RequiredInformation Required WHO

– Injured, witnesses, contributed to the accident WHAT

– Happened, the sequence of events (Direct / indirect causes)– Precautions taken, their adequacy– Applicable Regulations, ACoP’s Guidance etc applied

WHEN– Did the accident occur– Were individuals trained etc

WHERE– Did the accident occur

HOW– Did the accident happen, Can we prevent a recurrence

Domino Theory of Accident Domino Theory of Accident EventsEvents

A B C D E

Proactive ReactiveRisk RiskManagement Management

Lack of Basic Immediate Accident/ Injury/management causes causes incident Ill-health control Loss

A

B

C

Direct Cause

Indirect Cause

Underlying Factors

Accident CausationAccident Causation

Root Cause

Accident Management Procedure.Accident Management Procedure.

Who Reports ? Who checks Contractors?Line Manager Investigates !Who checks after 3 days absence ?What happens outside OH hours ?

Accident

TREATMENT IN OH DEPARTMENT OHcontacts line Manager if more info’ needed

Employee sent back to workOH contacts Line Manager

Referral to HospitalOH contacts Line Manager

Sent home / GPOH contacts Line Manager.

Sent Home or Hospital OH contacts Line Manager Line Manager: follow up,

RIDDOR, Ensure Employee Reports to OH on return

Employee reports to Line Manager, and Occupational Health (OH) department

RIDDOR 98?RIDDOR 98?Reportable to HSE or Local Authority :-Fatalities, Major Injuries reported

•by telephone immediately and F2508 sent within 10 days

Over Three Day injuries reported • by F2508 sent within 10 days

Dangerous Occurrences reported • by telephone immediately and F2508 sent within 10 days

Diseases reported • by sending report F2508A “forthwith” • Records of reports kept for 3 years

Major Injuries Reg 3(2)Major Injuries Reg 3(2)Fractures:

• Except in finger, thumbs or toesDislocation:

• Shoulder, hip, knee or spineAmputation Eyes:

• Loss of sight, penetration, chemical or metal burnLoss of consciousnessIllness:

• Requiring medical treatment caused by exposure to chemical or pathogens

Admission to hospital for more than 24 hours

RIDDOR 98RIDDOR 98

“over three day”

Incapacity for work for more than three consecutive days not counting the day of the accident but including any days which would not normally be worked.

In practise “more than three consecutive days” means at least 4 days.

Where someone returns to work but not carrying out work covered by their contract of employment then this is reportable

Reportable DiseasesReportable Diseases

Disease Activity

1 Blood dyscrasia Work with Ionising Radiation

13 Carpal tunnel syndrome Work involving the use of hand held vibrating tools

31 Cancer of the urinary tract Work with beta-naphthylamine

Calculation of Injury Incidence Calculation of Injury Incidence RatesRates

Number of Reportable Accidents

Average number employed during year 100,000

Injury Rates Top Ten 1996/97Injury Rates Top Ten 1996/97

10

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1

Per 100,000 employee

Coal

Extraction of minerals

Railways

Food

Postal/Telecom

Manuf Minerals

Metal Manuf

Transport

Repairs

Manuf motor vehicles

Average

Lowest

Engineering

Limitations of Accident DataLimitations of Accident Data Under-reporting cheating interpretation of an accident e.g. do you report

physical contact or aggressive language? Sample size is usually not statistically sound one event can skew figures long term trends take time to show measurement of failure ignore specifics e.g. tasks in an office compared

to a factory environment often don’t consider hours worked

Typical Accident Investigation QuestionsTypical Accident Investigation Questions1. Outline the immediate and longer term action that management should take

following a serious injury accident at work(8)

2. Outline the information that should be included in an accident investigation(8)

3. Giving reasons in each case, identify FOUR categories of persons who may be considered a useful member of an internal accident investigation team

(8)

First Aid at Work First Aid at Work RegulationsRegulations

Assessment of First Aid NeedAssessment of First Aid NeedIn assessing need, employers need to consider: workplace hazards and risks the size of the organisation the organisation's history of accidents the nature and distribution of the workforce the remoteness of the site from emergency medical

services the needs of travelling, remote and lone workers employees working on shared or multi-occupied sites annual leave and other absences of

first-aiders and appointed persons

High Risk ConsiderationsHigh Risk Considerations Where work involves particular risk (even if the number of

workers is low) e.g. work with hazardous chemicals or machinery, first aid needs will be greater

Employers may need to : provide a sufficient number of first-aiders so that someone is

always available to give first aid immediately following an incident

train first-aiders in special procedures inform the local emergency services, in writing,of the site

where hazardous substances or processes are in use provide first-aid room(s)

Minimum Contents of A Minimum Contents of A First Aid BoxFirst Aid Box

Guidance1 Individually wrapped sterile adhesive dressings2 Sterile eye pads with attachments2 Triangular bandages 4 Safety pins6 Medium sized sterile unmediated dressings6 Large sterile unmediated wound dressings 2 Disposable Gloves

See ACoP Remember Car Kits

Incident RecordingIncident Recording date, time and place of incident; name and job of the injured or ill person; details of the injury/illness and what first aid was given; what happened to the person immediately afterwards

(for example went home, went back to work, went to hospital);

name and signature of the first-aider or person dealing with the incident.

Accident Date

First-Aider CompetenciesFirst-Aider CompetenciesFirst-Aiders need to be able to : transport a casualty safely as required by the circumstances of the

workplace recognise common major illnesses and take appropriate action recognise minor illnesses and take appropriate action maintain simple factual records and provide written information

to a doctor or hospital if required

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles of first aid at work, in particular of:

the importance of personal hygiene in first-aid procedures the legal framework for first-aid provision at work the use of first-aid equipment provided in the workplace the role of the first-aider in emergency procedures

Appointed PersonsAppointed PersonsAppointed Persons are NOT First Aiders :-

– Have a co-ordinating role– Contact Emergency Services– Replenished first Aid equipment

Appointed Persons may wish to know :– what to do in an emergency– cardio-pulmonary resuscitation– first aid for the unconscious casualty– first aid for the wounded or bleeding

First Aid Regulations 1981First Aid Regulations 1981 Duty of Employer to make provision for first aid

– assessment of need– first aid materials, equipment and facilities– first aid personnel

Duty of employer to inform employees of arrangements– information for employees

Duty of self-employed to provide first aid equipment

Appendix 1 :– Assessment of first aid needs checklist

Appendix 2 : – First aid competencies

Typical First Aid QuestionsTypical First Aid Questions1. Outline the factors to be considered when deciding the numbers of first-

aiders that may be required at the workplace (8)

Practical Practical InspectionInspection

Aim to undertake a workplace inspection

note any hazards and the way they are controlled

identify safe and unsafe working practices

recommend appropriate and cost effective remedial action

prepare a report identifying items requiring immediate management action

Practical InspectionPractical Inspection

Practical AssessmentPractical Assessment The inspection will take place of a work area and will :-

– Take up to 1 hourTotal marks 55%

The report to management – Takes up to 1 hour.– Identifies risk based priorities– Legal breaches, Costs,– Inform management of Recommendations – Should be approximately 3 -4 pages long

Total marks 45%

Overall pass mark 60%

Hazard ObservationsHazard Observations

Range of issues identified = 5%

Number of hazards identified = 20%

Identification of immediate, and

where appropriate, long term

action =10%

Suitability of remedial action =20%

Total =55%

NEBOSH Practical Assessment NEBOSH Practical Assessment Candidates Name : Any Body Date of Assessment : 19 / 06 / 05Place of assessment : XYZ Ltd Assessor : John Smith

Observations Comments Priority

List, Unsafe Practices and List any Immediate or Longer – term I M L

any Good practices action required 1.Cable from the OHP to power point on floor Remove the cable I

Is a tripping hazard Consider Redesign L

2.No segregation between Traffic and Pedestrians Erect speed limit signs I

Consider speed bumps M

3.Heavy items stored on high shelves (photocopy room) Remove / relocate items I

Redesign shelf units M

4.Shelves in Photocopy room very loose Secure to the wall I

Consider better design of shelving M

5. Fire signs, Extinguishers etc Very good practice No Action necessary n / a

etc, etc, etc

Report to ManagementReport to Management

Selection of topics for urgent management action =10%

Consideration of cost implications = 5%

Identification of breaches and legislation = 5%

Presentation =10%

Effectiveness in convincing management to take action =15%

Total =45%

NEBOSH Certificate NEBOSH Certificate Practical Assessment ReportPractical Assessment Report

I am writing further to an inspection of the WATA Training Centre, on _______ 2000 which took nomore than an hour, my report is as follows :-Training Room Cable

The cable from the OHP presents a tripping hazard, from which a visitor or employee

could fall and severely damage themselves, this could lead to prosecution of the

company and perhaps to individuals. In addition to which the injured person may sue the

company or individuals. Should this happen, the insurance premiums could rise and the

insurance company impose extra controls.

This would be a breach of the Workplace (Health Safety and Welfare) Regulations

Recommendation

Immediately remove the cable at a cost of £150. In the long term consider re – designing

The location of the power point NEXT HEADING Produce a paragraph at the end to prioritise all the hazards observed

RevisionRevision

Common / Civil Law QuestionsCommon / Civil Law Questions

Define the term ‘Negligence’ (2)– What the reasonable prudent person would not do OR what the

reasonable prudent person would have done in the circumstances

Outline the possible defences available to employers in cases of alleged negligence (6)

– No Duty owed– Duty owed no negligent act– Negligent act but couldn’t have caused harm etc– Contributory negligence– Volenti non fit injuria– Facts speak for themselves

Vicarious LiabilityVicarious Liabilitya) State the circumstances in which an employer may be held

vicariously liable for the negligence of an employee (2)– Negligent Act– In course of employment

b) Outline the legal duties placed on employers to help to ensure that employees behave in a safe manner (6)– Duty of Care – HSW Act– Management Regulations– PPE Regs,

Common Law NegligenceCommon Law Negligence Define the term ‘Negligence’ (2)

– What the reasonable prudent person would not do OR what the reasonable prudent person would have done in the circumstances

Outline the Three standard conditions that must be met for an employee to prove a case of alleged negligence against an employer (6)

– Was a Duty of Care (Neighbour Principle) snail in the bottle case– Duty was broken– Damage injury or loss was result of the breach

Differences between Civil / Criminal LawDifferences between Civil / Criminal LawExplain the Differences between civil and criminal Law (8)

Common LawCommon Law Evolved through “precedents” Safe Working Environment

‘Safe Systems of Work’ Governs relationships between Individuals Law of “Contract” Law of “ TORT” (Negligence) Can Sue in the County (Civil) Court for

Compensation Loss or harm suffered Insurance available

Proof = Balance of Probabilities

Statute LawStatute Law Laws made by Parliament Governs Relationship between Individual

and the State Acts and Regulations

(Direct Legislation) Best course of action for the Community Crime Prosecute, Imprisoned in Magistrates or

Crown courts No loss necessary No Insurance availableProof = Beyond Reasonable Doubt

Typical Statute Law Questions 1Typical Statute Law Questions 11. Explain using TWO examples the meaning of the term ‘so far as is reasonably practicable’

(8)

2. Outline the general duties placed on employees by ;– the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (4)– the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (4)

3. State the duties of the employers to employees under s2 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (8)

4. With reference to the Health and Safety at Work act 1974, outline the duties of persons in control of premises towards Non-employees (8)

5. Outline the main duties under Section 6 of the health and Safety at Work Act 1974 placed upon manufactures, suppliers and importers of substances for use at work

(8)

Typical Statute Law QuestionsTypical Statute Law Questions

1. a) Outline the general duties placed on employees by section 7 and 8 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (6)

b) Outline a specific duty placed on employees by the management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (2)

Typical Inspector Powers QuestionsTypical Inspector Powers Questions1. Outline the powers given to Health and Safety Inspectors under the Health and Safety at

Work Act 1974 (8)

2. Explain the action an Enforcement Officer could take when it is believed that an organisation has failed to comply with the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (8)

3. a) Explain the difference between an ‘Improvement Notice’ and a ‘Prohibition Notice (4)b) What are the penalties for contravention of such notices by an employer (4)

4. Explain, using an example in each case, the circumstances under which a health and safety inspector may serve :

1. An Improvement Notice (4)2. A Prohibition Notice (4)

5. Outline the effect on the notice of appealing against EACH type of enforcement notice(4)

Typical Management Regs QuestionsTypical Management Regs Questions

  1. Outline the general requirements of the Management of Health and Safety

at Work Regulations 1999 (8)

2. State EIGHT requirements of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (8)

3. a) Explain the meaning of the term ‘Competent Person’ (4) b) Outline FOUR checks that could be made to assess competence

(4)

Typical Risk Assessment QuestionsTypical Risk Assessment Questions1. Explain with examples the meaning of the terms:-

• Hazard (4)

• Risk (4)

2. a) Outline the HSE ‘5’ Steps to risk assessment (6) b) Explain the importance of risk assessment (2)3. Outline the factors that should be considered in a risk assessment as

required by the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (8)

4. In relation to the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulation 1999 a) explain the meaning of the term ‘suitable for and sufficient’ (2)b) Outline the changes in circumstances that may require a risk assessment to be reviewed (6)

Typical Workplace Regulations QuestionsTypical Workplace Regulations Questions

1 Outline FOUR requirements of the workplace(Health , Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 (8)

2. Outline the welfare requirements for the employee under the Workplace (Health and Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 (8)

3. Outline the factors that should be considered when assessing the adequacy of lighting in EITHER ;A vehicle maintenance workshopOrAn office containing DSE (8)

Typical Signs QuestionsTypical Signs Questions

1. State the shape and colours of the following types of Safety Signs and give a typical example of each :

Prohibition (2)Warning (2)Mandatory (2)Emergency escape or First Aid (2)

Typical Human Body QuestionsTypical Human Body Questions

1. a) Define the term ‘Target Organ within the context of occy’ health (2)b)Outline the personal hygiene practices that should be followed to reduce the ingestion of a hazardous substance (6)b) Describe the body’s respiratory defence mechanism against atmospheric dust (6)

2. a) List THREE respiratory diseases that could be caused by exposure to dust at work (3)b) Describe the body’s respiratory defence mechanisms against atmospheric dust (7)c) Outline the control measures that may be used to eliminate or reduce dust in a work environment, using practical examples where appropriate

(10)

Typical COSHH QuestionsTypical COSHH Questions

1. a) outline the factors that should be considered when carrying out an assessment as required by the COSHH Regulations (6)b) Outline the relevance of HSE Guidance EH40 ‘Occupational Exposure Limits’ (2)

2. a) Explain the differences between an occupational exposure standard (OES) and a maximum exposure limit (MEL) (6)b) Give an example of a substance in each type of occupational exposure limit (2)

3. Outline the information that employees should receive when there is a risk that their work will exposure them to a substance hazardous to health (8)

4. Identify the information that should be included on a hazard Data Sheet supplied with a hazardous substance (8)

5. a) Explain the term ‘dilution ventilation’ (3)b) Describe the circumstances under which dilution ventilation would be appropriate (5)

6. a) Draw a labelled sketch of a local exhaust ventilation (LEV) system showing the main components (6)

b) Give TWO practical examples of where a LEV system could be used (2)

Typical Accident Causation QuestionsTypical Accident Causation Questions1. Describe the types of human error that can lead to accidents in the

workplace (8)

2. a) Explain using examples, the differences between the ‘cause of accident’ and the ’cause of injury’ (4)b) Explain why an understanding of the differences referred to above is important when investigating accidents (4)

3. a) Explain the differences between immediate causes and the root (underlying causes) of an accident (4)b) with reference to an accident involving an operator who comes into contact with a dangerous part of a machine, Describe;

• The possible immediate causes ; and• The possible root (underlying ) causes (16)

4. a) Identify the types of hazard that may cause slips and trips at work (4)b) Outline how the hazards in (a) might be controlled (4)

Typical DSE QuestionsTypical DSE Questions

1. Outline the requirements of the DSE Regulations 1992 (8)2. a) Outline the possible risks to health associated with the use of DSE (4)

b) Explain how the risks in (a) may be minimised (4)3. a) Explain the meaning of the term ‘Ergonomic’ (2)

b) Outline the Main factors to be considered in an ergonomic assessment of a workstation to be used by an operator of a Visual Display Screen Unit (DSE) (6)

4. List factors that should be taken into account when assessing the suitability of a workstation for the user of the visual display unit (8)

Typical Communications QuestionsTypical Communications Questions1. Outline the sources of information that could be consulted when

developing a Safe System of Work (8)2. Outline the various methods of communicating health and safety

information to the workforce (8)3. Outline the reasons that may prevent a verbal instruction being

clearly understood by an employee (8)4. Outline the various ways in which a Safety Policy Document could

be communicated to the workforce (8)

Typical Training QuestionsTypical Training Questions1. Outline the main health and safety topics to be included in an

induction training programme for new employees (8)2. Outline how health and safety training needs can be identified (8)3. Outline the events that may create a need for additional health

and safety training within an organisation (8)4. Outline the factors to be considered when preparing and

presenting a health and safety training session (8)5. Explain why induction training is important in the prevention of

accidents (8)

6. Outline the issues that should be included in a training programme for employees on the emergency action to take in the event of a fire (8)

Typical Safety Reps and Committee QuestionsTypical Safety Reps and Committee Questions

1. a) Explain the circumstances under which an employer must form a Health and Safety committee (2)b) Give reasons why a Health and Safety Committee may be ineffective (6)

2. Outline the functions of a safety representative as stated in the Safety Committees Regulations 1977 (8)

3. With regards to the Safety Representatives and Safety Committee Regulations 1977 ;1. Explain the occasions when a safety representative is legally entitled to

inspect the workplace (6)2. Describe the facilities that an employer may need to provide to safety

representatives (2)

Typical Fire QuestionsTypical Fire Questions1. Explain the methods of heat transfer that cause the fire to spread (8)2. Outline the main requirements of a safe means of escape from a building in

the event of a fire (8)

3. Outline the precautions that should be taken when storing and handling flammable solvents in small containers (8)

4. Outline the factors that should be considered when preparing a procedure to deal with a workplace emergency (8)

5. a) Explain with a suitable sketch the meaning of the fire triangle (4)b) List the sources of ignition that may cause a fire to occur giving an example of EACH (4)

Typical Radiation QuestionsTypical Radiation Questions1. a) Outline the possible effects on health arising from exposure to

ionising radiation (4)b) Outline the main principles of control for ionising radiation(4)

2. a) Explain the difference between ionising and non-ionising radiation (3)b)Describe the health effects associated with exposure to non-ionising radiation (5)

Typical FLT QuestionsTypical FLT Questions1. Outline the hazards and the corresponding precautions to be taken

when charging batteries for fork lift trucks (8)

2. Outline the main hazards of the fork truck operation (8)Hazards Precautions

Weight Define danger areas/Prohibition

Untrained operators Train Operatorsetc

FLT Q1FLT Q1

1. List the ways in which a fork lift truck may become unstable whilst in operation (8)Too fast around cornersUnstable load

Fork Lift Truck Fork Lift Truck 1. List EIGHT rules to be followed to minimise the risk

of Fork Lift Trucks overturning (8)Eight Rules Could be :-1.      Adequate Training2.      Competent persons3.      Speed restrictions4.      Stacking control5.      Preventing the use of forward tilt6.      Good road surfaces (maintenance)7.      Risk Assessment of working environment8.      Truck maintenance9.      Load compatibility to truck10.  Loading protocol

Typical Slinging QuestionsTypical Slinging Questions1. Outline the precautions that should be taken during lifting operations with a

mobile crane (8)2. Outline the procedure for the safe lifting of a load by the crane, having

ensured that the crane has been correctly selected and positioned for the job (8)

Typical Transport QuestionsTypical Transport Questions

1. Outline the main precautions to be taken to ensure the safe transport of hazardous substances by road (8)

2. Outline measures to be taken to prevent accidents when pedestrians are required to work in vehicle manoeuvring areas (8)

Typical Manual Handling QuestionsTypical Manual Handling Questions1. a) List TWO types of injury that could result from poor Manual Handling techniques

(2)b) Outline the general strategy that an employer is required to take to reduce the risk of injury from manual handling operations in the workplace (6)

2. a) Define the term ‘Manual Handling’ (2)b) List THREE categories of injury that could be caused by the incorrect manual handling of loads (3)c) Outline practical measures designed to reduce the risk of injury from manual handling activities at work (15)

4. a) List TWO types of injury that may be caused by the incorrect manual handling of loads(2)

b) Outline a good handling technique that could be adopted by a person required to lift a load from the ground(6)

5. a) List the main factors to be considered in the making of an assessment under the Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (4)b) Outline practical risk reduction measures in relation to manual handling (16)

Typical Machinery QuestionsTypical Machinery Questions1. List EIGHT types mechanical hazards associated with machinery as described in BS EN 292

(8)2. List EIGHT non – mechanical hazards associated with machinery (8)3. Provide sketches to show clearly the nature of the following mechanical hazards from moving

parts of machinery :a) Entanglement (2)b) Crushing (2)c) Drawing in (2)d) Shear (2)

4. In relation to machinery safety, outline the basic principles of EACH of the following types of safeguard :-a) Fixed guard (2)b) Interlocking guard (2)c) Automatic guard (2)d) Trip device (2)

Typical Maintenance QuestionsTypical Maintenance Questions

1. a) Identify the specific hazards associated with routine maintenance of machinery(4)b) Outline how such hazards may be controlled (4)

2. Describe the practical measures that must be taken to ensure maintenance work is undertaken safely in an enclosed storage tank (8)

3. Identify FOUR mechanical hazards presented by Pedestal drill and outline in EACH case how injury may occur (8)

Typical PUWER QuestionsTypical PUWER Questions1. Describe the general hierarchy of measures for safe guarding of dangerous

parts of machinery as required by the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (8)

2. List the main requirements of the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (8)

Typical WRULD’S QuestionsTypical WRULD’S Questions1. Outline the factors to be considered when assessing risks to the health of a

user of DSE (8)2. Outline the possible risks to Health and Safety faced by the operator of a

pneumatic drill (8)

Typical Electricity QuestionsTypical Electricity Questions1. a) Outline the main electrical hazards arising from work on a construction site

(4)b) Describe the precautions that should be taken to minimise these hazards

(4)2. a) Describe the function and limitations of a fuse as an electrical protection

(6)b) Explain TWO advantages that a residual current device (RCD) has over a fuse (2)

3. Describe the principles of operation of the following types of electrical protection :a) Earthing (4)b) Reduced voltage (4)

4. List the items that should be included on an inspection checklist designed to ensure the safety of portable appliances (8)

5. a) Outline the dangers associated with electricity (4)b) Outline the emergency action to take if a person suffers a severe electrical shock

(4)

Typical Construction QuestionsTypical Construction Questions1. Outline EIGHT precautions that may be taken to ensure the safety of children

who might be tempted to gain access to a construction site (8)2. Prepare a check list for the inspection of a mobile tower scaffold prior to use

(8)3. a)Sketch a labelled diagram of a putlog scaffold indicating its principal safety

features (5)b) List the inspection requirements of all erected scaffolds (3)

4. In relation to safe access for construction work above ground :a) Identify by means of a labelled sketch, the component parts of an independent tied scaffold (10)b) outline the precautions that should be taken when using a ladder as a means of access to the scaffold (10)

ConstructionConstruction1. Outline the precautions that should be taken when using mobile cranes (8)2. a) Outline FOUR ways in which a person may be injured when using a ladder

at work (4)b) List the precautions that should be taken to ensure the safe use of Ladders

(4)

Typical Demolition QuestionsTypical Demolition Questions

1. List the hazards that may be encountered during the demolition of a multi – storey building (8)

2. Outline the main precautions when carrying out demolition work (8)

Typical Contractor QuestionsTypical Contractor Questions

1. Prepare a check list for the safe use of suspended access equipment, such as a window cleaning cradle (8)

2. a) outline FOUR duties placed upon a PRINCIPLE contractor by the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994(4)b) List FOUR factors that should be considered by a PRINCIPLE contractor when assessing the health and safety competence of a sub – contractor

(4)

Typical CDM and Control of Contractor Typical CDM and Control of Contractor QuestionsQuestions

1. Outline FOUR duties under the Construction (Design and Management ) Regulations 1994 of EACH of the following persons:

a) The Client (4)

b) The Planning supervisor (4)2. a) Outline FOUR duties placed upon a PRINCIPLE contractor by the CDM

Regulation (4)b) List FOUR factors that should be considered by a Principle contractor when assessing the health and safety competence of a sub – contractor

(4)

Typical Noise QuestionsTypical Noise Questions1. Outline the possible effects on health from exposure to noise (8)2. a) Describe the TWO main types of personal hearing protection (4)

b) Identify FOUR reasons why personal hearing protection may fail to provide adequate protection against noise (4)

3. a) Explain the meaning of the term ‘dB (A)’ in relation to noise measurement (2)

b) Outline the following methods of noise reduction, giving ONE practical example of each :

a) Absorption (3)b) Isolation (3)

4. Explain the meaning of the following terms in relation to noise control :-1. Silencing (2)2. Absorption (2)3. Damping (2)4. Isolation (2)

Noise Attenuation MethodsNoise Attenuation Methods

Typical PPE QuestionsTypical PPE Questions

1. Outline the factors to be considered in the correct selection of respiratory protection equipment for use at work (8)

2. a) Explain the difference between Breathing apparatus and Respirators (2)b) Describe one type of breathing apparatus and state the limitations of its use (6)

Typical Accident Investigation QuestionsTypical Accident Investigation Questions1. Outline the immediate and longer term action that management should take

following a serious injury accident at work (8)

2. Outline the information that should be included in an accident investigation (8)

3. Giving reasons in each case, identify FOUR categories of persons who may be considered a useful member of an internal accident investigation team

(8)

Typical First Aid QuestionsTypical First Aid Questions1. Outline the factors to be considered when deciding the numbers of first-

aiders that may be required at the workplace (8)