NEBOSH IGC1 (1-3 elements).pdf

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DOHA INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SERVICES P.O.BOX 35269 DOHA - QATAR T: +974 4666792/93/ F: +974 466 6791/[email protected], W: www.diss.com.qa


It is important to identify the action verb within the question as this identifies the breadth of knowledge required in the answer. The following meanings of the verbs have been identified by NEBOSH:

List - provide a list without explanation.

Identify - select and name.

Outline - give the most important features of (less depth than ‘explain’ or ‘describe’ but more depth than ‘list’).

Describe - give a word picture.

Explain - give a clear account of, or reasons for.

Define - provide a generally recognised or accepted definition.

State - a less demanding form of ‘define’, or where there is no generally recognised definition.

Give - provide without explanation (used normally with the instruction to ‘give an example [or examples] of….’).

Sketch - provide a simple line drawing, using labels to identify specific features.

Breaches and Legislation

Safety representatives and safety committee’s regulation 1977 Management of health and safety at work regulation 1999 Workplace regulation 1992 Control of substance hazardous to health regulation 2002 Chemicals (hazard information & packaging for supply) (amendment) regulation 1999 The manual handling operation regulation 1992 The health and safety (display screen equipment) regulation 1992 The provision and use of work equipment regulation 1998 The work place (health, safety and welfare) regulations 1992 The personal protective equipment at work regulation 1992 The Noise at work regulations 1989 The COSHH regulations 1999 The health and safety (first aid) regulations 1981 The fire precautions Act 1971 The fire safety and safety of places of sport Act 1987 The safety of sports grounds Act 1975 The fire precaution (workplaces) regulations 1997 The highly flammable liquids and liquefied petroleum gases regulation 1972 The legislation is the fire certificate (special premises) regulation 1976 The construction (health safety and welfare) regulations 1996

ALARP: AS LOW AS REASONABLY PRACTICABLE

SFAIRP: SO FAR AS IS REASONABLY PRACTICABLE


ILO: INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION

ELI: EMPLOYERS LIABILITY INSURANCE

HSE in UK: HEALTH AND SAFETY EXECUTIVE

IT IS: INFORMATION TRAINING INSTRUCTION SUPERVISING

JSA: JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

MSDS: MATERIALS SAFETY DATA SHEET

HAZOP: HAZARD AND OPERABILITY STUDY

ROPS: ROLL OVER PROTECTIVE SYSTEM

M.E.E.P. {SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK – SSW}

M Materials E Equipment and plant E Environment P People

BSAFE {COMMON HAZARDS FROM ELECTRICITY}

B Burns S Shock A Arcing F Fires E Explosions

SERDIM {JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS}

S Select R Record E Evaluate D Develop I Implement M Maintain

ERIC PD {RISK CONTROL HIERARCHY}

E Eliminate R Reduce I Isolate C Contain P PPE D Discipline (IT IS)


ENITICE {MACHINERY HAZARDS - MECHANICAL}

E Entanglement N Nips T Trapping I Impact C Contact E Eject


UNIT IGC1 MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY


MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

EXAMPLE LONG QUESTIONS Question 1 the results of a health and safety audit of an organisation showed a number of non-compliances with respect to procedures.

(a) Describe the possible reasons for procedures not being adhered to. (10) (b) Outline what actions could be taken to encourage employees to comply with health

and safety procedures. (10)

Model Answer

(a) Following a health and safety audit, a number of non-compliances were identified with respect to procedures. There are a number of reasons why procedures may not be followed within an organisation. Firstly, it may be that the procedures laid down are unrealistic or that they are unclear. This may be due to the fact that the procedures were written without consultation with employees, and so the procedures do not reflect what is really happening in the organisation. Alternatively, there may be pressure on employees to cut corners in order to get the job done quickly and hence procedures are not followed for this reason. This pressure may come from management or from the employees, depending on the incentives involved, e.g. piecework. There may be a general lack of safety awareness and commitment caused by an underlying poor safety culture. This may be due to a lack of management commitment or peer pressure, or just a general lack of motivation throughout the workforce. The poor safety culture may be further enforced by inadequate supervision or lack of enforcement when procedures are breached. A lack of training may be the reason that procedures are not followed. Employees may not have been shown the correct way of carrying out a procedure. Alternatively, there may be literacy or language issues which have meant that some employees have not been provided with adequate training or information. There may be issues around the work task itself that mean procedures are not followed, e.g. the task is repetitive, boring or complex. Additionally, the working conditions may be poor because of the design or lack of consideration of ergonomic issues. These in turn may mean that procedures are not followed. (b) There are a number of ways in which employees can be motivated and encouraged to comply with health and safety procedures. Regular safety meetings and/or team briefings could be held where procedures are discussed. Appropriate training and information could also be provided. In addition, employees could be involved in risk assessments or undertaking safety observation tours. Joint consultation in the form of safety committees could also be set up to encourage employee participation. Improvements to the working environment, welfare facilities or the job itself all help to make the employee feel valued. Additionally, employees could be encouraged to report accidents, incidents or hazards. Safety could also be included in personal performance appraisals or objectives with appropriate recognition or praise when targets are met. Poster campaigns or information


provided on notice boards add to improving employee awareness. A means for encouraging suggestions or ideas from employees could be introduced along with a suitable incentive scheme. Many of the above measures will, in themselves, help to improve the visibility of management commitment and should help to improve the overall health and safety culture of an organisation.

Question 2 Following a workplace accident, an employer has decided to implement regular workplace inspections.

(a) Outline the factors that the employer should consider when planning the inspections. (6)

(b) Outline three proactive methods for monitoring health and safety performance. (6) (c) Identify all the possible costs to the company as a result of the accident. (8)

Answer Plan (a) Nature of hazards, team composition, competence, location, frequency, checklists, consultation, standards/legislation, remedial actions, cost. (b) Audits, safety surveys, sampling, tours, benchmarking (outline only three). (c) Lost production, clean-up/repair costs, lost time, investigation costs, first aid, intangible costs (morale etc.), increase in insurance premiums, fines, compensation, replacement/retraining of staff, etc. Model Answer (a) When planning workplace inspections, the employer must consider various factors. Firstly, the employer must consider what is to be looked at during the inspections as well as the nature of the hazards present. The location or route over which the inspection is to be completed must be considered, as must the proposed frequency. The inspections must be scheduled on a regular basis, e.g. every three months. The team carrying out the inspections must be chosen carefully to ensure that it includes representatives from management, the workforce and a safety advisor. The team must also be competent to carry out the inspections. It is essential to have a checklist to use during the inspections to ensure that they are always completed in a consistent and systematic manner. Consultation with employee representatives would also be beneficial to ensure that everyone understands why the inspections are being implemented, and what the benefits might be as a consequence. The employer must also consider what relevant standards or legislation apply to workplace so that the inspection can be used to check compliance. Additionally, consideration must be given to how remedial work identified during the inspection is prioritised, and how progress is followed up. The safety of the inspectors must not be forgotten, especially where they may be entering sites where Personal Protective Equipment or permits are required. Finally, the employer must consider the cost of implementing such a programme.


(c) Three additional proactive methods that could be used in the monitoring of health and safety performance are audits, safety surveys and safety tours. A safety audit subjects an organisation to a comprehensive and independent examination of all aspects of their health and safety performance against stated objectives. A safety survey is a detailed, in-depth examination of a specific field of activity, e.g. manual handling. A safety tour is an unscheduled workplace inspection to ensure that standards of housekeeping are at an acceptable level.

(d) There are a number of possible costs to the organisation as a result of the accident. There may be lost production due to the accident itself or due to the repair of damaged plant and equipment afterwards. Additionally, there may be clean-up and repair costs. Materials may also have been damaged and need to be replaced. The personnel involved in the accident may be off work following the accident, leading to the payment of sick pay as well as the cost of replacement staff. First-aid facilities and personnel may have been used at the time of the accident. There are also the intangible costs such as the effect on employee morale, as well as the loss of business image. The accident may lead to an increase in insurance premiums. Depending on the nature and severity of the accident, there may be legal costs in the form of fines or court and legal representation costs. There may also be a compensation claim by the injured party

EXAMPLE SHORT QUESTIONS Question 1 using an example in EACH case, EXPLAIN the following terms: (1)(a) Hazard. (2)(b) Risk. (3) (c) So far as is reasonably practicable. (3) Model Answer (a) A hazard is something with the potential to cause harm, e.g. a damaged floor covering such as a torn carpet has the potential to cause harm. (b) Risk is the likelihood that an unwanted event will occur, and the possible severity in terms of injury/damage should it occur. For example, if a torn carpet is in the middle of a walkway, then there is a high risk of someone tripping over it and injuring themselves. If, however, the torn carpet is under a desk, then the risk is greatly reduced. (c) The term ‘so far as is reasonably practicable’ is a balance of risk against cost where cost is money, time or trouble. If the risk is significant and the cost is manageable then action must be taken; if the opposite applies then no action has to be taken. For example, if the torn carpet is in the middle of a walkway, then the risk is significant, and if the cost to repair or replace it is manageable, then the remedial work should be carried out. If,


however, the torn carpet is under a desk then the risk is negligible, the costs of repairing/replacing the carpet may outweigh the benefit of having the work completed and so no action need be taken. Question 2 Permit-to-work systems are used in many industries.

(a) Define the term ‘permit-to-work system’. (2) (b) Outline three types of work situation that might require a permit-to- work system

giving reasons in EACH case for the requirement. (6) Model Answer (a) A permit-to-work system is a formal, documented, planned procedure designed to protect personnel working in hazardous areas. (b) A permit-to-work system may be required for entry into confined spaces, working on electrical equipment and working at height. For entry into confined spaces, the permit-to-work system would be essential to make sure that the air quality is tested before entry and so protecting workers from suffocation. For working on electrical equipment, a permit-to-work system is required to make sure that the equipment has been made safe before starting work and to prevent contact with live electrical components. For working at height, a permit-to-work system is required for ensuring that measures are in place to protect personnel from falls. Question 3 (a) Describe four unsafe conditions that can lead to an accident. (4) (b)Describe four unsafe acts that can lead to an accident. (4) Model Answer

(a) Examples are:

Guard missing Wet floor Ice on steps Hazardous substances leaking into the atmosphere Machine not maintained Defective hand-tool Torn and damaged PPE. (Only 4 were required)

(b) Examples are:

Playing games or tricks at work Working without authorisation Working without protective devices in place Breaking the rules, cutting corners


Question 4 Outline the general hierarchy of control that can be used to minimise or eliminate workplace hazards. (8 marks) Model Answer

The general hierarchy of control for workplace hazards is: Avoiding risks Elimination/substitution Reducing time/limiting exposure Isolation/segregation Engineering control Safe systems of work Training and information Personal protective equipment Welfare Monitoring and supervision


ELEMENT 1: FOUNDATIONS IN HEALTH AND SAFETY Short Questions

1. An organisation can arrange for insurance which will cover some of the costs if an accident to a worker takes place (for example, to cover compensation payable). There are other costs which could follow an accident that are not usually covered by insurance. Identify EIGHT uninsured costs. (8 marks)

Uninsured costs might include: Product loss or damage Loss of production/output Loss of orders Loss of company image Cost of time spent investigating the accident Loss of time and resources Cost of recruitment of replacement staff Cost of overtime to remaining staff Cost of remedial action following investigation (e.g. change of process or materials) Possible compensation payments due to civil actions taken

2. Outline reasons for maintaining good standards of health and safety within an

organisation. (8 marks) There are moral, legal and economic reasons for the maintenance of good health and safety standards within an organisation. Both the employer and the worker have moral and social obligations concerning health and safety within the organisation. The employer must provide a safe place of work with safe plant and equipment, safe systems of work, training, supervision and competent staff. The worker must comply with the training and instruction given by the employer and also with anything provided for the purposes of health and safety, such as PPE and machine guards. There are also economic reasons to maintain good health and safety in the workplace. The costs of business failure can be very high for an organisation. Damage to materials, plant and equipment can cost a large amount for an organisation. Ill-health, injury or death of staff can also cost an organisation large amount of money. There can be both direct and indirect (or hidden) costs to the organisation.

3. Outline the main components of a health and safety management system. (8

marks)


A well known example of a health and safety management system is ILO-OSH2001. (OHSAS 18001:1999 is a similar system) The main components of ILO-OSH 2001 are:

Policy Organising the staff and other resources Plan and implement Evaluation (monitoring, measuring and reviewing performance) Auditing Action for improvement (can also include continual improvement)

Long Question 4. (a) Identify the possible consequences of an accident to: (i) The injured workers (3 marks) (ii) Their employer. (3 marks)

(b) Identify the direct and indirect costs to the employer of accidents at work. (8 marks) (c)Outline the actions an enforcement agency may take following an accident at work. (6marks)

(a) The possible consequences of the accident could be: (i) To the worker: injury or disease/ill-health may result in loss of employment and loss of income. This can, in turn, result in a loss of quality of life for both the worker and the worker’s dependants (i.e. usually the worker’s family). (ii) To the employer: legal consequences and/or business/economic problems. There may also be visits from a government enforcement agency if the employer’s actions have been negligent.

(b) Direct costs to the employer could include:

Sick pay Repairs/replacement of damaged equipment or buildings Product loss or damage Loss of production Public and/or product liability Fines, legal fees Increase in insurance premiums.

Indirect costs could be:-

Business interruption Loss of orders Cost of time spent on investigations


Loss of corporate image

(c) An enforcement agency will act on behalf of the government and will enforce health and safety law. This may be done in conjunction with the police. They may take a number of possible actions, which may include:

Giving advice Issuing a warning letter Giving a formal notice concerning future work and remedial action to be taken Making a criminal prosecution for negligent acts

5. Explain the difference between the objectives of criminal law system and a civil law system. (2 marks)

Civil law: The objectives of civil law are to compensate an injured party for loss suffered as a consequence of an accident, ill health or death.

Criminal law: the objectives of criminal law are to punish and deter individual’s organizations from behaving in a way that society has decided is unacceptable

6. Outline the three standard conditions that are usually required to be met to prove a case of negligence against an employer? (6 marks) Or Identify defence against a claim for negligence?

There was a duty of care owed to the injured party. The duty was breached. The breach caused the loss (injury, ill-health, death)

7. Outline the typical actions that might be brought against an employer who has breached criminal law in relation to health and safety. (6 marks)

Actions that might be brought against an employer have breached the criminal law there is a vast range of punishment throughout the many countries.

Death is the ultimate penalty. Also, maiming Imprisonment Fines, Confiscation of assets, Restrictions on activities and offices Held and time allocated to serve the community.

8. Explain why health and safety legislation might be enforced to different standards in different countries. (6 marks)

There are differences in enforcement practices and standards. Variation of enforcement between countries may be caused by:

Different legal systems, e.g. prescriptive or goal setting;


Different standards of legislation and enforcement; Different penalties for breaches; Religious beliefs and cultural issues, how societies view offences; The ability and knowledge of the enforcing authorities and their staff; Funding, number and workload of enforcement staff; Degree of monitoring by enforcing authorities; Degree of reporting to enforcing authorities; and Political pressure, e.g. enforcement initiatives

9. Outline the sources of information employers should provide to employees related to health and safety. (8 marks)

Internal

Risk assessments; Policies; Inspection reports; Medical records; Accident records; Health and safety committee minutes; Plant registers; Health and safety practitioners (Advisors/ officers, etc) Health and safety representative; and The company’s safety library

External

Governmental organizations for sources of law and guidance National safety organizations / professional institutions Suppliers and manufacturers, e.g. suppliers of substances, plant, equipment, etc. data sheets, manuals; International standards, e.g. the ISO Consultants and specialists, Worker insurance companies and unions; and The internet


ELEMENT 2: POLICY Short Questions

1. Outline the circumstances where a health and safety policy will need to be

reviewed. (8 marks)

A health and safety policy will need to be reviewed: After the elapse of time When new processes are introduced When new technology is introduced When there is a change in structure When there is a change in premises Following a change in legislation When requested by a Safety Committee Following an audit review Following an accident Following an enforcement action

2. Outline the contents of a ‘statement of intent’ within an organisation’s health and

safety policy. (8 marks)

The contents of a statement of intent are: An outline of the organisational approach Aims and objectives Commitment Compliance with legal obligations Adequate resources Adequate training Keeping up-to-date Signature of key personnel

3. Identify EIGHT issues that are typically included in the arrangements section of a

health and safety policy document. (8 marks)

Possible answers are: Safety training Safe system of work Risk assessment Environmental monitoring Safety monitoring Accident reporting/investigation Noise control PPE issue and use


Fire/first-aid Health surveillance

4. (a) Describe the content of the three main sections of a health and safety policy document, explaining the purpose and content of each section. (6 marks) (b)Explain why the health and safety policy should be signed by the most senior person in an organisation, such as a managing director or Chief Executive Officer. (2 marks)

The content of the three main sections should be:-

Statement of intent – overall philosophy, principles of legislation applied to the organisation, broad responsibilities and targets set. It should also cover the monitoring and review process, and comparison of past and present performance (i.e. benchmarking)

Organisational structure - roles and responsibilities of management and employees, the chain of command for health and safety management, delegation and operational duties for health and safety

Arrangements section – practical arrangements to implement the policy, e.g. planning health and safety measures using risk assessment, detailed hazard control measures, staff consultation and methods for active and reactive monitoring

(b)The statement of intent section of the health and safety policy document should be signed by the most senior person to demonstrate that the company is committed to the health and safety management programme and to set goals and objectives for the organisation. This would include active measures to comply with the law and to established best practice. The signature of the most senior person is personal endorsement of the statement.

Long Question 5. (a) Explain the purposes of the following sections of a health and safety policy: (i) “Statement of intent” (2 marks) (ii) “Organisation” (2 marks) (iii) “Arrangements”. (2 marks)

(b)Outline the issues that are typically included in the arrangements section of a health and safety policy. (8 marks)

(c)Describe the circumstances that would require a health and safety policy to be reviewed. (6 marks)


(a)The main components are:

(i) The statement of intent: broad outline of the organisation’s overall philosophy in

relation to management of health and safety.

(ii) Organisational: distribution of responsibilities for health and safety throughout the organisation.

(iii) Arrangements: practical arrangements by which general policy is to be implemented.

(a) Matters to cover here are:

Planning health and safety measures using risk assessment Detailing of hazard control measures, e.g. arrangements for manual handling, COSHH, emergency arrangements, first- aid procedures How to put staff consultation and communications mechanisms into place; training arrangements, etc Monitoring compliance and assessing its effectiveness by means of active and reactive methods.

(b) The health and safety policy should be reviewed if or when:

The structure of the organisation, and/or key personnel change The organisation changes premises New processes are introduced An audit or risk assessment requires a review There is enforcement action or following findings of accident investigations. If the law changes When worker consultation or worker representatives highlight deficiencies When a third party, such as an insurance company, customers or clients requests it Some time has passed since the policy was first developed(i.e. it may be out of date)

6. Outline the advantages and disadvantages to conduct benchmarking in an organization. (8 marks)

Advantages

Identifies key performance indicators;


Ensures monitoring procedures are effective; Feeds in to the continuous improvement cycle; Provides the ability to identify normal practice among peer business and to compare performance; Avoid making mistakes by learning lessons from others; Generates management focus, interest and, therefore action; and Gains the confidence of stake holders

Disadvantages

Choosing a company to bench mark against that has similar activities, but is not a close competitor; Assuring accuracy of the data; Accessing data, which may be spread across several departments; and Gaining commitment to a time consuming exercise over and above normal monitoring

7. Explain why health and safety policies lack success in an organization. (8 marks)

Some policies lack success for the following reasons:

There is a minimal leadership by directors and senior managers who fail to drive the policy; There are no annual objectives set to implement the policy; Health and safety is not given priority with other business objectives. Resources are not provided to implement actions required; The aims and intentions are not clearly understood by all personnel; The policy puts too much emphasis on employee’s responsibilities, and is not management led; There is no measurement of whether objectives set are being achieved; Management are unaware of their role in health and safety; and Management receives no training to enable them to implement actions required.


ELEMENT 3: ORGANISING FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY Short Questions

1. Outline the practical means by which a manager could involve employees in the improvement of health and safety in the workplace. (8 marks)

An employer should involve his employees in the decision making process by consulting with them on workplace issues. Employers should not only give information to employees, but also listen to and take account of what they say before any health and safety decisions are made. The practical means by which this can be done are by employing both formal and non-formal methods, such as: Team meetings Safety circles Works and office safety committees One-to-one informal meetings between management and staff Employers can also involve workers in risk assessments of various types, including those for general risk assessments, manual handling and display screen equipment. They could also, with appropriate training, be involved in workplace inspections and tours.

2. Outline the information that could be considered to ensure that a contractor is

competent to undertake a task. (8 marks)

The following should be requested from the contractor: References and past work records Safety policy Training records Method statements Risk assessments Insurance certificates Membership of trade body

3. (a) Give TWO reasons why visitors to a workplace might be at greater risk of injury

than workers. (2 marks) (b) Identify the precautions to be taken to reduce the risk of injury to visitors to the workplace. (6 marks)

(a) Visitors may be exposed to additional risk because:

They may be unfamiliar with processes being carried out and the associated hazards and risks. They may not have been issued with PPE as a visitor.


They may lack knowledge on site layout and pedestrian routes may be inadequate or not signed properly. They may not have knowledge of emergency procedures. They may be particularly vulnerable if they are young or disabled.

(b)Measures to ensure the health and safety of visitors should include:

Visitor identification by means of badges A signing in and out routine Prior notification of staff members involved in the visit Provision of information to visitors on hazards and emergency procedures An explanation of specific site rules (e.g. use of PPE) Clear marking of pedestrian routes Visitors to be escorted by a manager or supervisory staff

4. Outline the topics that may typically be included in the agenda of a safety

committee meeting. (8 marks) Topics to be included in the agenda of a safety committee meeting could include:

The study of accident and disease statistics Examination of safety audit reports Consideration of reports and information from the enforcing agencies or government authorities Consideration of reports submitted by safety representatives Assistance in development of procedures and policy Consultation on training programmes Monitoring the effectiveness of training programmes Monitoring and improvement of safety communications Practicalities of workplace issues such as - the impact of shift Working, maintenance and breakdown procedures on health and safety

5. Outline the main health and safety responsibilities of: (i) Employers (4 marks) (ii) Workers. (4 marks)

(i) It is the responsibility of the employer to ensure: The health, safety and welfare of all employees Provision of safe plant and systems of work Safe arrangements for handling, storage and transport of articles and substances Provision of information, instruction, training and supervision Provision of safe access and egress


Provision of a safe working environment and adequate welfare facilities (ii) Workers are expected to:

Act responsibly. Take reasonable care of themselves and of others who may be affected by their actions or omissions. Co-operate with their employer in respect of their health and safety duties. Not intentionally or recklessly interfere with (or misuse) anything provided in the interests of health, safety and welfare.

Long Question 6. (a) Outline the responsibilities of employers in the workplace. (10 marks) (b) Outline the reasonable actions an employer would take before engaging a contractor to undertake a large redecorating task. (10 marks)

(a) It is the responsibility of the employer to ensure:

The health, safety and welfare of all employees Provision of safe plant and systems of work Safe arrangements for handling, storage and transport of articles and substances Provision of information, instruction, training and supervision Provision of safe access and egress Provision of a safe working environment and adequate welfare facilities

(b) The employer should take all reasonable steps, including:

Seeking references for previous work Establishing adequate insurance cover Requesting the contractor’s safety policy Seeking examples of risk assessments and method statements Requesting records of training Seeking accident records Requiring details of any prosecutions for health and safety offences Seeking details of professional body membership

7. Outline the key health and safety responsibilities of designer/ manufactures/ distributor which are common in many countries. (8 marks)

Persons designing, manufacturing, importing or supplying articles or substance have general responsibilities to:


Ensure articles (items) are safe and without risks to health when used, set, cleaned or maintained;

Ensure substances (materials) are safe and without risks when being used, handled, processed, stored or transported.

Carry out or arrange for the carrying of tests, research or examinations which may be necessary to comply with above;

Provide information about the use and conditions necessary to ensure that the setting, cleaning, maintaining or disposal of the article or substance is safe, and without risks to health;

Take reasonably practicable steps to provide further information should new serious risks come to light; and

Ensure that erecting or installing articles for use at work ensures that they are safe and without risks to health when used, set, cleaned or maintained.

8. Outline the steps an organization should take for effective management of contractors. (8 marks)

The effective management of contractors can be broken down in to 5 steps:

Selecting a contractor Planning the job Controlling contractors on site Checking the contractors work Reviewing the contractor’s performance, and the effectiveness of control

9. Identify the type of contract in an organization. (6 marks)

The types of contract in an organization are:

Labour only – where labour is supplied to work under the direct control of a client, as in the case of agency staff, etc.

Fixed price contract – a commonly used type of contract, this involves a contractor providing a service such as cleaning, repair, maintenance, etc.

Work on totally separated site – typically these involve projects which, though carried out on the client’s premises, can be securely fenced off from the rest of the premises.

10. List some of the duties a health and safety advisor may undertake (8 marks)

Health and safety advisor should Be properly trained and suitably qualified for the level of organizational risk; Maintain adequate information systems; Be able to interpret the law in the context of their own legislation;


Be involved in establishing management and risk control systems; Establish and maintain procedures for reporting, investigating, recording and

analyzing accidents and incidents; Establish and maintain procedures to monitor, review and audit health and safety;

and Be able to present their advice independently and effectively.

NEBOSH IGC1 (1-3 elements).pdf

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