NCP-26 Construction Project Management Techniques

8/9/2019 NCP-26 Construction Project Management Techniques

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Construction project management technique

Registration no.

ASSIGNMENT

NICMAR / CODE OFFICE

1. Name -

2. Reg. No. -

3. Course No. - NCP 26

4. Course T!"e - Co#s!ru$!o# Pro%e$! Ma#ageme#! !e$'ues

(. Assg#me#! No. - O#e

A new international cricket facility is to be constructed outside a mega city over a

piece of land. Facility to include

i. Capacity of spectators !"#"""ii. $ay% &ight play facility

iii. '( camera platform in si) directions

iv. *afety of players from spectators

v. +avilion for (,+s to sit -""

vi. +arking adequate space for all above/

'ime available is *i)teen months including monsoon. Cost of construction need to

be recovered in five years. Average cost of ticket is Rs. 1""%0. Appro)imate

matches per year. *ubmit the project report covering

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i. ,dentification of project

ii. *tages in development of project

iii. 2ork break down structure to undertake the project

iv. 3ilestone 4 C+3 chart for corporate control

v. Cost of project

I)e#!*$a!o# o* Pro%e$!

+roject is a mission# undertaken to create a unique facility# product or service

within the specified scope# quality# time and costs. +roject can also be defined as

organi5ation and performance of resources such as men# money# machinery#

materials# space and technology into logical sequence of activities.

3ost projects start with a need to have a new facility long before designers startdesigns and drawing of the projects and certainly before field construction work

can commence. 6lements of this phase include0

Conceptual analysis 7

'echnical and feasibility study0

6nvironmental impact reports0

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8ere# our project is to build a cricket stadium outside a mega city over a piece of

land in 19 months.

8ockey is our national game but cricket is more popular. $ay by day cra5e for

cricket is soaring not only in old aged or middle aged people but youngsters and

teenagers# boys and girls0everybody is taking keen interest to watch cricket either

to watch on '( screen or at cricket stadium.

: $ays test cricket is the oldest form of the game. *o many people like to watch

this sort of game because it is said that test cricket is real ;


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mostly beautiful girls wearing short clothes/ who encourage batsmen to hit more

and more runs or bowlers to take more wickets. ,ndian Cricket >eague ,C>/ and

,ndian +remiere >eague ,+>/ are new tournaments which are becoming more and

more popular.

3eanwhile technology was improving and become part of the game. ?efore

there was only '( and newspapers# but now we have internet. 2e have digital

cameras with e)tra 5oom# stump vision cameras# speedometers to check the speed

of the ball thrown by the bowlers# digital sound systems# graphics systems# all the

necessary data of the past cricket comes on the screen within a few seconds. 'hese

all aspects strengthen the idea that cricket will live and it is part of our lives.

*tadium is to be built near the mega city. Resources will be available easily.

3achinery and manpower will be available at ease. ,nfrastructure facilities are

there so the roads and transportation# electricity# water# and materials will be

available easily.

3arket is highly competitive and we are living in the era of Advertising and

marketing. *o many companies would like to sponsor matches. >ot of money can

be generated through giving rights to the television channels for broadcasting of

the matches. &ot only this# sponsors are ready to pay money for their logos on the

uniform of the cricketers. 3oney

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can be generated through the advertising hoardings on the ground boundary. 'here

is no doubt that commerciali5ation and glamour will draw more and more cricket

spectators to the stadium to watch their favorite cricketers in action as well as

beautiful girls or cheer leaders.

C@&C>*,@& After going through all these aspects we can conclude that

building a cricket stadium outside the mega city will be beneficial project not to

the cricket lovers only but as a profit making business also.

Feas+"!, S!u),

Feasibility study or $etail +roject Report/ is to be carried out by doing the

detailed analysis by the team of e)perts in building the stadium# engineers 4

Cricket ?oard. 'hese consultants to be selected based upon their respective

professional reputation 4 previous project e)perience. 'he study team also

reviews the information from the user point of view# market study 4 transport

analysis which is the main important issue while selecting the area.

>ocation

2hile selecting the location for the international cricket facility outside the 3ega

City following points need to be carefully viewed because the success of project is

widely depend upon these points.

Tra#sor!a!o# +ublic transport must be available conveniently from the city to

the facility as the success of the project is largely depending upon these.

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I#*ras!ru$!ure 'here must be the proper road connectivity from the city to the

facility

A$$ommo)a!o# 'he distance for the five star hotels and other ranges of hotels

from lu)ury to low range for the public also be at the convenient distance i.e it

should not be too far.

Aror! 'he land selection should be largely depend upon the distance of

Airport from the facility due to the security reasons of the players

I#)us!res 'he distance of the facility should be well enough far from the any big

industries 4 their routing of the transport should avoid that route which is to be

used for the cricket facility.

Fu!ure S$oe 'he area for the facility should have the potential so that

,n future also# there would be possibility for building the similar facility or

building the public infrastructure like 3all


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Te$o-E$o#om$ Feas+"!, S!u),F#a#$e 0 E$o#om$

As given # there is chance of matches but in the facility # there can be scope to

establish that during the off season other activities can be organi5ed for the fund

pooling # also the national cricket % practice session can be held to ensure the

substantial fund pooling.

Also# enough scope should be provided for the advertisements panels for fund

pooling

*cope for the future e)pansion which can be integrated with *hopping %

commercial comple)es for better attraction for the public.

?asic 3arket @rientation 4 then to estimate the appro)imate occupancy of the

stadium

+roject sales targets can establish thereafter 4 e)pected revenues

Critical factor that determine market potential.

I#es!me#! re'ureme#!s ro%e$! *#a#$#g a#) re!ur#s

Es!ma!e o* !o!a" ro%e$! $os!

+roposed financial structure of venture# indicating e)pected sources and terms ofequity and debt financing.

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T,e o* *#a#$#g+rojected financial statement# information on profitability# and return on

investment

Sour$es o* Ree#ues 'icket collection # advertisement agencies # +arking 4

leasing for national% state level games 4 also by providing on rent for practice or

other sports camp facilities for various colleges# institutes or sports academies.

Running e)penditure on maintenance# salaries of worker 4 staff.

Cr!$a" *a$!ors )e!erm##g ro*!a+"!,

Te$$a"

*tudy would be require on special technical comple)ities and need for know0how

and special skills as main primary objective for the project is to built up theinternational facility so the structure 4 in built facilities must be superior 4 look

unique with all modern amenities so there would be the special technology would

be needed 4 at the same time it should be cost effective. *o# the design of the

facilities should be compatible with the proposed technology will be used within

the budget.

'o be assessed 4 analy5ed the total requirement of equipment needed for the

project then search out the possible supplier of equipment , ideally open market

(Global tender)competitive quotation required before finali5e the equipment from

particular supplier. And then the total cost of the equipment.

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'o be assessed 4 analy5ed the total requirement of manpower needed for the

project 4 there availability # a full deployment chart is to be make out for the total

man month required for the project. As this is the international level standard

facility so some special skilled manpower % e)perts are needed even from abroad

also to make this feature a unique one.

,nfrastructure facility like transport and communication # power # water # etc

?reakdown of projected operating costs by major categories of e)penditures.

*ource# cost# and quality of raw material supply and relations with support

industries.

,mport restrictions on required raw materials.

+roposed location in relation to supplier# markets# infrastructure 4 manpower

+roposed stadium si5e in comparison with other own international stadium.

+otential environmental issues.

Goer#me#! suor! a#) regu"a!o#s

+roject in conte)t of government economic development and investment program.

*pecific government incentives and support available to project.

6)pected contribution of project to economic development.

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Pro%e$! Dee"ome#! Pro$ess

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Preliminary

Engineering

Detailed En ineerin

Procurement

Construction

Commissioning

Operation &

Maintenance

Planning / InitialResource Pooling

Detail desi nin


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P"a###g Orga#7#g 0 S!a**#g

First of all the project has to plan to how to e)ecute it with desired quality standard

4 in schedule .Analy5ing the amount of resources are needed in time frame.

3ainly# to analy5e the type of functions are required 4 accordingly the positions

required with delegations 4 their channels of communication

*econdly# organi5ing the basic resources in orderly manner# and arranges people

and resources in an acceptable pattern so that they could perform the required

activities efficiently and achieve the objectives.

Recruitment % staffing to have good organi5ation structure with good human

resources for the organi5ation. 'his is achieved through staffing by manpower

planning# recruitment# selection 4 placement.

After that# establishment of the standard 4 controlling the project with delegating

the authorities.

After that the project concurrence is taken from the government, and remarks ifany should be incorporated in the Project.

I#!a" Resour$e Poo"#g

First of all initial set up to be build up 4 pooling the initial personal to start the

Bob 4 establish the basic resources required.

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Desg# 0 E#g#eer#g

Pre"m#ar, E#g#eer#g / Fro#! E#) E#g#eer#g Desg#8FEED9

'his is the conceptuali5ation phase of engineering based upon the feasibility 4

'echno06conomic feasibility report. 'his includes the basic design of the facility

4 requires the architectural concepts# evaluation of alternatives in regard to

technological process# si5e 4 capacity 4 scope for future e)pansion# also includes

economic feasibility studies with different options. 'his is the stage of generation

of overall flow sheets 4 specifications. ,n this phase # there is the decision of si5e

4 shape of the facility # site layout # decision of establishing other amenities like

parking # rest rooms # modern techniques # broadcasting facility # entertainment for

players 4 etc in line with the technological process to be used. 'his stage would

give the specifications 4 standards on which total facility to be constructed.

@n the preliminary engineering and design are essentially complete# there isgenerally and e)tensive review process before detailed work is allowed to proceed.

De!a"e) E#g#eer#g

'his process involves successively breaking down# analy5ing and designing the

structure into elements so that it complies with all the recogni5ed standards of

safety and performance. A set of drawing and specification are prepared for use by

the contractors. ,n preparing the detailed drawing 4 specifications# the large input

comes from engineers or architects of different trades such as civil# mechanical#

electrical# instrumentation 4 etc or interior designer or landscape architect as the

case may be. 2hile carrying out the detailed engineering and design work# these

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engineers even carryout large amount of field studies for all engineering

information required for foundations and strengths of structural materials to be

incorporated in the project. Field construction methods are also taken into

consideration for workable construction details at each stage.

Pro$ureme#!

+rocurement involves two type of activities which includes directly purchase of

material required for the project or subletting the purchase items or subcontracting

the work directly to subcontractor. *o as per the design# various sealed quotations

is to be taken from various suppliers e)pert in their fields/ for procuring the

material 4 also the procurement department ensure the timely delivery as per the

specified time

'he main procurement functions will include

(endor list definition

,ssue of inquiries

*tandardi5ation of materials% *ervices as per the designer%

international community requirements.

Collection of 'echnical evaluation of quotations

Commercial tabulation of quotations

+reparing of +urchase order drafts

6)pediting of orders and issue of schedules and procurement

progress reports

2itness% approve test and inspections

Coordination with company procurement dept.

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Collection of (endor documentation as per purchase orders# to

be included in the final data book.

Co#s!ru$!o#

Construction will be undertaken by a selected team through global tender after

scrutini5ing its technical 4 financial details of past 4 future commitments and

then from a set of selected teams% tenderers one with most economical and best

offer offered by the Contractor is awarded the work which later mobili5ed its team

as per +lan. 'his team will work as part of integrated +3' to ensure timely

completion of the +roject within the Contract *chedule.

Contractor intends to e)ecute the Construction work scope generally using in0

house resources of supervision# labor and equipment# thereby retaining overall

control of both the quality and the scheduling of the work.

,n this process whereby the designer


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Finally the project is handed over to operate 4 further maintenance is required

regularly as required.

Pro%e$! Ma#ageme#! Orga#7a!o#

enerally# project management is distinguished from the general management

of corporations by the mission0oriented nature of a project. A project organi5ation

will generally be terminated when the mission is accomplished. According to the

+roject 3anagement ,nstitute# the discipline of project management can be defined

as follows;rea:)o;# S!ru$!ure 8=>S9

'he 2?* is made up of work elements or work packages that relate to progress

and schedule and that comprise the scope of work. 'he primary portion of work

packages is represented by physical deliverables such as drawings# specifications#

equipment# materials# construction and start up services# etc. 'he progress of this

aspect of the project scope can be measured as the completion of activities take

place and are commonly known as progressableG items. @ther elements that

support e)ecution of the works such as administration# management# etc. are

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known as non0progressableG items. 'hese latter items are also part of the 2?*

but are primarily captured for the cost control purposes and need not be

represented as activities within the schedule# although they may be required for the

purposes of schedule resource analysis.

'he 2?* is the hierarchy of these elements that represent the organi5ation and

reporting structure of the project and reflects how the project is planned# e)ecuted

controlled. 'his subdivision of work provides the lowest level of progress and

schedule control.

'he main characteristics of the 2?* are#

'he subdivision of the work to detailed level for purposes of

manageability.

Comprises progress ableG work for progress measurement.

Reflects the entire project scope.

Creation of a 2ork ?reakdown *tructure

2?* preparation is a team effort between engineering# construction# and

procurement that is facilitated by the +roject Controls 3anager and%or >ead

*cheduler. 'he 2?* is reflective of the engineering# procurement# and

construction e)ecution plans and is structured to accommodate the way

engineering tasks are e)ecuted# the way materials are procured and the way

construction activities are sequenced.

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'he cost and physical work are subdivided into elements that can be defined#

planned and controlled. &otwithstanding the general requirement to complete

construction works by operating system# the most common approach to

establishing the 2?* is by geographical or plot areas.

=>S Crea!o# S!es

2hen reviewing the source documents listed in the table above# consideration is

given to the following topics# in particular# to assure the above requirements are

met

+lot +lan % field development layout characteristics and design areas

*plit of work with Boint (enture partners of other work centre

nusual contract or internal requirements

3anagement%organi5ational requirements

Client financial%accounting requirements

6ngineering# procurement and construction e)ecution strategies

+lanning and scheduling requirements

Cost control and reporting requirements

*ystem turn over requirements1

8istorical database requirements

+roject controls systems%tools defined

6ngineering and Construction cost and cash flow analyses

1

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+hysical location of work necessary on some projects/

+roject phase

6stablish the 2?* hierarchy structure by establishing the levels and assigning

each component to a level.

Review the project management system coding requirements number of digits#

structure capabilities# etc./.

6stablish the coding structure and codes.

Review the structure with the project management# client# and startup support

teams.

>oad the 2?* into the project management systems.

6stablish or modify the timesheet coding matri) based on 2?*.

$istribute the approved 2?* structure and timesheet coding structure to the

project team.

C"ass*$a!o# o* ?ee"s

To!a" Pro%e$! ?ee"7 'he total project is the highest level of the 2?*. 'he total

project is summari5ed into a single duration span or completion date at this level.

'his includes all labour# materials# subcontracts# etc.

Ee$u!e Summar, ?ee" 7 At this first level# division is by major project

function# such as 6+C or sometimes implementation stages. 'his level is often

represented by a +roject or Contract 3aster *chedule in simple bar chart format.

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Co#!ro" ?ee"7 'his level subdivides the progressable work of the project into

specific geographic areas and is used for Cost and 2ork hour control. 'he

discipline code in combination with the unit or major cost area typically makes up

a control package identifier. Resource >oad >evel 7 'his level is a major area

breakdown within the unit and is created as a summary of the $etailed C+3 level.

,t is used to resource load the summari5ed 2ork package%C'R activities.

>u)ge!/Es!ma!e7 $uring the estimate development# details are utili5ed for

quantities at a low level# in terms of si5e and specification. 'he estimate is

developed in accordance with the project 2?*.

De!a"e) CPM ?eel 7 'he Control >evel generally contains too great a work

scope to be scheduled and managed effectively. 'herefore# the project is further

subdivided so that it can be effectively planned and controlled. 'he following

criteria apply for the $etailed C+3 >evel.

CPM / Ne!;or: A#a",ss

Ne!;or: E"eme#!s

&etwork is defined as the pictorial representation of a given project in the form of

arrows which form an essential element of network. Arrow represents an activity#

task of operation of the work0since an activity consumes resources. Arrow

represents utili5ation of resources.+age 22of 32


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Arrow has a directional sense# which can be represented by the arrow head. 'his is

used for the direction of the flow of work. ,t is marked from left to right.

?eginning of the arrow i.e tail is the start of work 4 the head is the completion of

the activity beginning of completion of an activity marks a phase or stage of work.

'his is represented by a suitable geometrical figure like circle# triangle or

rectangle. 'his is known as event and is an instantaneous stage of work. 6ven

nature does not consume any resource by itself.

Arrows indicating activities and 6vents indicating identifiable instantaneous stages

are the important elements of project network. 'here is another type of activities#

which do not require any resources# and which are basically imaging activities

called dummy activities.

,n general while creating the network diagram on +rimavera following are the

network elements

Activity

$uration

Relationship **#*F#F*#FF/

>inks

Resource

'ype of Activity

Constraint

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Calendar

A#a",ss Pro$e)ure

After building the &etwork >ogic 4 chart various analysis is to be carried out to

see the effectiveness of the schedule 4 also to see the condition of the project time

to time. ,f # the schedule is prepared on +rimavera then the analysis is to be carried

out to see the followings

6arly 6vent 'ime

Forward +ass

>atest allowable 'ime

?ackward +ass

Critical Activity

Critical +ath >ongest +ath/

'otal 4 Free float for the activity

Condition of 6arly 4 >ate Curve

3ainly # the analysis is done to have the condition of actual progress between the

6arly 4 >ate Curve# if the actual progress is inclined towards the >ate curve # then

all the activities coming in Critical +ath 4 the activities which having the total

float near to Hero is to be reshape. As per the current scenario# the forecast of

resources also can be formulated. According to the 2?* of the project# its been

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very easy to have the progress of each area % phase or as per the elements of 2?*

to identify the portion which is responsible for the shortfall.

CPM Ne!;or:

&etwork >ogic Chart is prepared on +rimavera with 2?* 4 enclosed along

with the * Curve indicating the 6arly 4 >ate Curve. According to the current

progress# it shows the completion time for each activity 4 the +roject.

2ith an activity0on0branch network# dummy activities may be introduced for the

purposes of providing unique activity designations and maintaining the correct

sequence of activities. A dummy activity is assumed to have no time duration and

can be graphically represented by a dashed line in a network. *everal cases in

which dummy activities are useful are illustrated in Fig. 1"01. ,n Fig. 1"01a/# the

elimination of activity C would mean that both activities ? and $ would be

identified as being between nodes 1 and -. 8owever# if a dummy activity I is

introduced# as shown in partb/ of the figure# the unique designations for activity ?

node 1 to =/ and $ node 1 to-/ will be preserved. Furthermore# if the problem in

part a/ is changed so that activity 6 cannot start until both C and $ are completed

but that F can start after $ alone is completed# the order in the new sequence can

be indicated by the addition of a dummy activity J# as shown in part c/. ,n

general# dummy activities may be necessary to meet the requirements of specific

computer scheduling algorithms# but it is important to limit the number of such

dummy link insertions to the e)tent possible.

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3any computer schedul ing systems support only one network

representation# either activity0on0branch or acitivity 0on0node. A good

project manager is familiar with ei ther representation

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Pro%e$! Cos!

(arious elements to be taken while assessing the cost for the +roject. 2hile

evaluating the project cost# each element has to be identify who contribute in the

project 4 then its cost has to be assessed like total 3an 3onths# 'otal 3achine

3onths# material# Fuel 4 etc. 'hen there rate % unit are to be taken 4 cost to be

incurred against each head to be evaluated 4 finally the overall cost.

Cost components considered for the purpose of this e)ercise include

Capital cost of infrastructure civil engineering# land# power supply#

security system# telecommunications# etc./ and other basic utilities.

@perating cost of ,nternational play ground with all modern facilities.

3aintenance cost of the cricket ground.

Cos!#gand acquisition# including assembly# holding and improvement

K+lanning and feasibility studies

KArchitectural and engineering design

KConstruction# including materials# equipment and labor

KField supervision of construction

KConstruction financing

K,nsurance and ta)es during construction

K@wnerLs general office overhead

K6quipment and furnishings not included in construction

K,nspection and testing

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'he operation and maintenance cost in subsequent years over the project life cycle

includes the following e)penses

K>and rent# if applicable

K@perating staff

K>abor and material for maintenance and repairs

K+eriodic renovations

K,nsurance and ta)es

KFinancing costs

Ktilities

K@wnerLs other e)penses

COST OF PRO@ECT

NCP-26 Construction Project Management Techniques

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Transcript of NCP-26 Construction Project Management Techniques