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PEACE, ORDER AND GOOD GOVERNMENT CHAPTER

-17

RESIDUARY NATURE OF POWER-

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GAP BRANCH

HISTORY ON NATIONAL CONCERN BRANCH

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PRESENT SITUATION:- Russell case

DEFINITION OF NATIONAL CONCERN

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1. Nati!"i#$ i%&'ta!($

). G$*'a&+i( Di%$!i!

. P'i!(ia/ I!a0i/it T$t:

2. Diti!(t!$ (unique not common in provinces)

3. NEWNESS

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EMERGENCY BRANCH

CONCLUSION4

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PEACE, ORDER AND GOOD GOVERNMENT - C+a&t$' -17

RESIDUARY NATURE OF POWER

Section 91 of Constitution ct! 1"#$ gives fe%era& par&iament t'e poer to

mae &as for t'e *Peace! +r%er an% ,oo% ,overnment! t'e matters 'ic'

%oesn.t come it' in t'e provincia& 'ea%s! i&& fa&& un%er t'e fe%era& poer/

0n t'e %emocratic government it as %esigne% to create stronger centra&

government/ ut section 92 (13)Property and civil rights of the province

an% 592(16)Matters merely of local and private nature in the provinceare

t'e seeping 'ea%s of province! ecause most of t'e matters eing covere%un%er t'ese 'ea%s or it can e %escries as an actua& resi%uar poer in t'e

'an%s of t'e province/

O6C!!' R$&'t (1939) refuse% to agree it' t'e P+,, as a resi%uar

poer! it as %escrie% in t'e report t'at enumerate% 'ea%s of fe%era&

poer are mere& t'e eamp&es of t'e P+,,! t'e are &iste% for t'e greater

certaint/

oever! 0 %isagree it' t'e vie of +.Conner report! m vie is simi&ar to P/

ogg t'at it is c&ear from t'e opening or%s of t'e of section 91 t'atenumerate% 'ea%s are not t'e eamp&es of t'e P+,,! ecause if t'ese

topics are consi%ere% to e mere& eamp&es t'en t'e topics given un%er

fe%era& poer (e/g/ 6ra%e an% Commerce! aning! i&& of ec'ange an%

Promissor note! Coprig't! 7arriage an% 8ivorce) ou&% proa& fa&& un%er

t'e section 92(13) Propert an% civi& rig't of t'e province/

0t as t'e 'istorica& necessit of %escriing t'ese 'ea%s un%er t'e section

91! for &imiting t'e roa% scope of S/92(13)/

not'er reason for not agreeing it' t'e +.Conner report! ecause courts

un%er t'e practice %o not consi%er t'e enumerate% 'ea% as mere&

eamp&es/ 6'ese 'ea%s to e consi%ere% as ec&usive poer of centra&

government/

GAP BRANCH

,ap ranc' covers t'ose cases an% &&s t'ose gaps 'ere a reference as

ma%e to one aspect of suect matter an% t'ere is no mention of t'e ot'er

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aspect of t'e same suect matter/ ;n%er t'e P+,,! gap ranc' is t'e a

to && t'e gap eteen t'e %istriution of poers eteen provincia& 'ea%s

an% fe%era& 'ea%s! t'ere are t'e fe gaps in %istriuting t'e poers eteen

an% province an% fe%era&/ e/g/ section 92(11) empoers t'e provincia&

&egis&ature to mae &as in re&ation to incorporation of companies it'provincia& oect/ ationa&

8imension %ictum! an% insiste% on& t'e emergenc ranc' of t'e P+,,

poer/

PRESENT SITUATION: Russell caseas again c'a&&enge% inA.-. On%. V.

&anaa Te*+e"ance Ac%1;2

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1.B'et'er t'e usse&& case as rong& %eci%e%D +

).0f t'e %ussell Caseas ase% on t'e emergenc! t'e a&&ege% emergenc

of %runenness 'a% no passe% aa/

Court %i%n.t anser t'e questions an% Priv Counci& t'roug' Aiscount Simonrefuse% to overru&e t'e usse&& case an% sai% it.s een #E ears an% case is

rm& roote% in t'e Constitution on Cana%a an% 'e&% t'at usse&& as not

%eci%e% on t'e asis of =mergenc an% P+,, is not on& conne% to

emergencies/&iscount Simon gave the ne' test: t'at t'e rea& suect matter

goes eon% t'e &oca& an% provincia& interest an% ecome t'e concern of

%ominion as 'o&e/

onannesson &) $est St) Paul (1952)S/C/ 'e&% t'at a$'!a:ti(satise% t'e

nationa& concern test/

Munro &) *ational Capital Commission (+," ationa& Capita& region satise% t'e nationa&

concern test/

%) &) Cro'n .ellerbach (+,//"S/C/ up'e&% t'e Fe%era& +cean 8umping ct

an% %a'i!$ &//:ti!satise% t'e >ationa& concern test! ecause it e?ects

t'e internationa& aters an% it is t'e matter of Cana%a as 'o&e/

0ntario 1ydro &) 0ntario (+,,2" S/C/ up'e&% t'e fe%era& uris%iction over

at%i( $!$'*un%er Fe%era& tomic =nerg Contro& ct un%er S/92(1E)(c)

an% a&so t'e pro%uction! use an% app&ication of atomic energ is t'e matter

of nationa& concern/

A9 DEFINITION OF NATIONAL CONCERN

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. P'i!(ia/ I!a0i/it T$t: Fai&ure of one province to tae preventive

measures/ =/g/ 0n Munro casefai&ure of ationa& egion matter/

2. Diti!(t!$ (unique not common in provinces)

+n& %istinctness is not suGcient to satisf! ut provincia& inai&it test is

require% t'e matter to e a%mitte% un%er t'e nationa& concern ranc' of

P+,,! ot'erise t'e matter i&& fa&& un%er t'e provincia& poer of 92(13) or

92(1#)/

An%#-In,a%#!n Ree"ence (196)S/C/ up'e&% t'e fe%era& age an% price

contro& un%er t'e =mergenc ranc' of P+,,/ ut 3eet4 ) %enie% on t'e

nationa& concern ranc'! ecause ages an% price contro& is too roa% topic

an% un%er t'e nationa& concern ranc' an% matter must e a *%istinct for

passing un%er t'e nationa& concern ranc' / 6'is opinion as supporte% t'e maorit an% court up'e&% t'e fe%era& age an% price contro& un%er t'e

emergenc ranc'/

3. NEWNESS

6'e matters 'ic' %i% not eist %uring t'e confe%eration an% no t'e

cannot e put &ae&e% un%er t'e provincia& or fe%era& poer an% t'e matter is

c&ear& ne in nature! i&& e %ea&t as a ne pro&em an% comes un%er t'e

P+,, poer of centra& government/ 0n The 5ueen &) 1auser(+,6,"8ue to

t'e ne suect matter S/C/ 'e&% t'e fe%era& >arcotic Contro& ct as a va&i%eercise of P+,, poer/ @ater on in 7882%) &) Malmo-#evineS/C/ 'e&% t'e

possession of mari'uana as a va&i% &a poer of crimina& &a an% overru&e%

t'e %ecision of auser case/

ecause t'e matter of %rugs ma a&so come un%er t'e crimina& poer of t'e

Centra& government! at t'at time! fe%era& poer to prosecute un%er t'e

crimina& &a as in %out! t'at.s ' t'e courts ten%enc to move t'e &as

into anot'er categor/

C!(/:i! = !$"!$4 0t is conc&u%e% t'at neness is irre&evant an%

un'e&pfu& in %etermining t'e content of resi%uar poer/

7atter &ie eronautics! tomic energ an% >ationa& Capita& region %oes not

come it' in t'e an enumerate% 'ea%s of poer an% covere% un%er t'e

P+,, poer/

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EMERGENCY BRANCH

Vi(:!t Ha/#a!$came into t'e priv counci& in 1911 an% %ie% in 192"!

un%er t'e tenure of Aiscount a&%ane priv counci& ignore% t'e >ationa&

8imension %ictum! an% insiste% on& t'e emergenc ranc' of t'e P+,,

poer/

0n Toronto 9lectric Commissioner &) Snider (+,7:" Priv Counci& t'roug'

Aiscount a&%ane sai% t'at P+,, poer as avai&a&e on& in t'e *cases

arising out of some etraor%inar peri& to t'e nationa& &ife of Cana%a! suc' as

t'e cases arising out of a "a'/

Anti-;nationa& an% =mergenc ranc')/