ME 455ME 455NATURALNATURAL GAS TECHNOLOGYGAS TECHNOLOGY

NATURAL GAS COMPONENTSNATURAL GAS COMPONENTS

CAN TENGİZCAN TENGİZAHMET TAŞDEMİRAHMET TAŞDEMİR

What are the natural gas What are the natural gas processes?processes?

DRILLINGDRILLING PIPINGPIPING STATIONSSTATIONS USE USE

DRILLINGDRILLING

DRILLING TYPES :DRILLING TYPES :

1-)VERTICAL DRILLING1-)VERTICAL DRILLINGVertical drilling involves drilling a well straight down Vertical drilling involves drilling a well straight down

into the earth until the drill bit reaches the formation into the earth until the drill bit reaches the formation being developed. The well is then completed and starts being developed. The well is then completed and starts producing oil or natural gas.producing oil or natural gas.

2-)HORIZANTOL DRILLING2-)HORIZANTOL DRILLINGHorizontal drilling is the process of drilling a well fromHorizontal drilling is the process of drilling a well from

the surface to a subsurface location just above the target oilthe surface to a subsurface location just above the target oilor gas reservoir called the “kickoff point”, then deviating theor gas reservoir called the “kickoff point”, then deviating thewell bore from the vertical plane around a curve to intersectwell bore from the vertical plane around a curve to intersectthe reservoir at the “entry point” with a near-horizontalthe reservoir at the “entry point” with a near-horizontalinclination, and remaining within the reservoir until the desiredinclination, and remaining within the reservoir until the desiredbottom hole location is reached.bottom hole location is reached.

HORIZONTAL DRILLING.mp4

PIPINGPIPING

Natural gas piping is high-strength steel spiral welded (SAW) pipes, Natural gas piping is high-strength steel spiral welded (SAW) pipes, which are manufactured in natural gas in the performing internal and which are manufactured in natural gas in the performing internal and external insulations are manufactured under high pressure to give external insulations are manufactured under high pressure to give many years service.many years service.

Pipelines: Pipelines, the use of gas has an essential Pipelines: Pipelines, the use of gas has an essential importance. The first gas pipes emptied, pitched log and reinforced importance. The first gas pipes emptied, pitched log and reinforced wood. Their life is aproximetely 75 years. In 1872, the first major wood. Their life is aproximetely 75 years. In 1872, the first major iron pipe line, Titusville (USA) was established to provide gas to the iron pipe line, Titusville (USA) was established to provide gas to the city. Steel pipes are used for the first time in 1887. Welding of steel city. Steel pipes are used for the first time in 1887. Welding of steel pipes with electricity began in 1931.pipes with electricity began in 1931.

The most economical means of transportation of liquid and gas The most economical means of transportation of liquid and gas pipelines on land. Costs for natural gas is delivered to the consumer pipelines on land. Costs for natural gas is delivered to the consumer about a quarter of the money supply creates the pipeline. This cost about a quarter of the money supply creates the pipeline. This cost is the examination of the proposed pipeline to the topographic line, is the examination of the proposed pipeline to the topographic line, the transition process and the right to obtain the map are included. the transition process and the right to obtain the map are included. In addition, the establishment of a communication network, the In addition, the establishment of a communication network, the organization of care centers, pumping stations, metering stations, organization of care centers, pumping stations, metering stations, and the establishment of measures for the prevention of corrosion, and the establishment of measures for the prevention of corrosion, valves and pipeline safety tools and equipment required for valves and pipeline safety tools and equipment required for installation.installation.

Natural Gas Pipelines Construction.flv

STATIONSSTATIONS

NG is passed from underground to delivery to some stations.NG is passed from underground to delivery to some stations.

THESE STATIONS :THESE STATIONS :

COMPRESSOR STATIONSCOMPRESSOR STATIONSRMS STATIONSRMS STATIONS

COMPRESSOR STATIONSCOMPRESSOR STATIONSAs mentioned, natural gas is highly pressurized as it travels As mentioned, natural gas is highly pressurized as it travels

through an interstate pipeline. To ensure that the natural gas flowing through an interstate pipeline. To ensure that the natural gas flowing through any one pipeline remains pressurized, compression of this through any one pipeline remains pressurized, compression of this natural gas is required periodically along the pipe. This is natural gas is required periodically along the pipe. This is accomplished by compressor stations, usually placed at 40 to 100 accomplished by compressor stations, usually placed at 40 to 100 miles intervals along the pipeline. The natural gas enters the miles intervals along the pipeline. The natural gas enters the compressor station, where it is compressed by either a turbine, compressor station, where it is compressed by either a turbine, motor, or engine.motor, or engine.

A compressor station is a facility which helps the transportation A compressor station is a facility which helps the transportation process of natural gas from one location to another.process of natural gas from one location to another.

Turbine compressors gain their energy by using up a small Turbine compressors gain their energy by using up a small proportion of the natural gas that they compress. The turbine itself proportion of the natural gas that they compress. The turbine itself serves to operate a centrifugal compressor, which contains a type of serves to operate a centrifugal compressor, which contains a type of fan that compresses and pumps the natural gas through the fan that compresses and pumps the natural gas through the pipeline. Some compressor stations are operated by using an pipeline. Some compressor stations are operated by using an electric motor to turn the same type of centrifugal compressor. This electric motor to turn the same type of centrifugal compressor. This type of compression does not require the use of any of the natural type of compression does not require the use of any of the natural gas from the pipe, however it does require a reliable source of gas from the pipe, however it does require a reliable source of electricity nearby. Reciprocating natural gas engines are also used electricity nearby. Reciprocating natural gas engines are also used to power some compressor stations. These engines resemble a to power some compressor stations. These engines resemble a very large automobile engine, and are powered by natural gas from very large automobile engine, and are powered by natural gas from the pipeline. The combustion of the natural gas powers pistons on the pipeline. The combustion of the natural gas powers pistons on the outside of the engine, which serves to compress the natural gas.the outside of the engine, which serves to compress the natural gas.

Gas Compressor Station Animation.flv

Natural Gas Compressor.mp4

RMS STATIONSRMS STATIONS

RMS A STATIONRMS A STATION

RMS B STATION RMS B STATION

RMS C STATIONRMS C STATION

Rms stations are pressure reducing and metering station.Rms stations are pressure reducing and metering station.RMS STATIONSRMS STATIONS A type RMS main steel even in the high-pressure class (35-70 A type RMS main steel even in the high-pressure class (35-70 bar) gas inlet pressure is 19 bar reduces the stations. A type RMS bar) gas inlet pressure is 19 bar reduces the stations. A type RMS 35-70 bar, outlet pressure or pressure of between 12-20 bar. RMS-35-70 bar, outlet pressure or pressure of between 12-20 bar. RMS-A reduced gas gives natural of gas distrubition lines. NG lines and A reduced gas gives natural of gas distrubition lines. NG lines and connecting lines are drawn, and every customer who makes a connecting lines are drawn, and every customer who makes a contract facilities facility was established at the entrance station B-contract facilities facility was established at the entrance station B-type gas outlet pressure is adjusted according to customer demand.type gas outlet pressure is adjusted according to customer demand.

B type rms is located at districts entrances, at the entrance of B type rms is located at districts entrances, at the entrance of organized industrial zones and large industrial companies. It organized industrial zones and large industrial companies. It decreases the presure from 19 bar to 4 bar.decreases the presure from 19 bar to 4 bar.

C type rms is located at street entrances and at large industrial C type rms is located at street entrances and at large industrial entrances. It decreases the preasure from 4 bar to 1 bar.entrances. It decreases the preasure from 4 bar to 1 bar.

RMS STATION FUNCTIONSRMS STATION FUNCTIONS

The station output pressure adjustmentThe station output pressure adjustment

To measure the gas stationTo measure the gas station

Regulating the temperature of the gas stationRegulating the temperature of the gas station

Equipment List:Equipment List: Input-Output Valve GroupInput-Output Valve Group PipingPiping Input - Output Isolation SealsInput - Output Isolation Seals FiltersFilters HeatersHeaters Regulator - Shut-offRegulator - Shut-off Relief (Relief) ValveRelief (Relief) Valve Butterfly ValvesButterfly Valves Flow ComputerFlow Computer PLCPLC Manometre, Termometre, TermowellManometre, Termometre, Termowell  

Input-Output Valve Group:Input-Output Valve Group:

Line Valve - API 6D full bore, trunnion type ball valveLine Valve - API 6D full bore, trunnion type ball valve By-pass ValvesBy-pass Valves Ball Valves: The main valve 1/3 of the size of ball valve 2.Ball Valves: The main valve 1/3 of the size of ball valve 2. Plug Valve: Main valve 1/3 size, in order to adjust the amount of Plug Valve: Main valve 1/3 size, in order to adjust the amount of

flow.flow. Drain Valve: By-pass global valves are used. Line to drain.Drain Valve: By-pass global valves are used. Line to drain.

Piping:Piping:

Pipe Material - API 5L X65 wt: 10.3mmPipe Material - API 5L X65 wt: 10.3mm Fitting Materials - ASTM A234, GrWPBFitting Materials - ASTM A234, GrWPB Flanges - ASTM A105, ASME B16.5Flanges - ASTM A105, ASME B16.5 Studs - ASTM A193 B7 Galvanized plated or Ni-CdStuds - ASTM A193 B7 Galvanized plated or Ni-Cd Nuts - ASTM A194 2H, galvanized or coated Ni-CdNuts - ASTM A194 2H, galvanized or coated Ni-Cd

Input-Output Isolation seal:Input-Output Isolation seal: Login Insulation Seal - ANSI 600 Monoblock gasket.Login Insulation Seal - ANSI 600 Monoblock gasket. Output Isolation Gasket - ANSI 300 Monoblock gasket.Output Isolation Gasket - ANSI 300 Monoblock gasket.

Filter by:Filter by: It is used to remove diffirent matter and moisture from entering the It is used to remove diffirent matter and moisture from entering the

gas station .There is a filter on the all line. There is indicating the gas station .There is a filter on the all line. There is indicating the level of the water accumulated in the filter, a blockage due to level of the water accumulated in the filter, a blockage due to contamination with a level indicator and in the case of a differential contamination with a level indicator and in the case of a differential pressure working on the differential pressure gauge. pressure working on the differential pressure gauge.

Design - ASME Section VIIIDesign - ASME Section VIII Type - Cartridge (Stainless steel-reinforced cartridge)Type - Cartridge (Stainless steel-reinforced cartridge) Easy open (stud-and-nut used)Easy open (stud-and-nut used) While in the opening of the gas does not allow.While in the opening of the gas does not allow. DP and the signal to move the switch (switch) is available.DP and the signal to move the switch (switch) is available. Is to clean the drain valve.Is to clean the drain valve.

Heater:Heater: INCREASE the temperature of gas in the station. Presure INCREASE the temperature of gas in the station. Presure

decreases with decreasing temperature and the cooling gas decreases with decreasing temperature and the cooling gas regulator pilots because of that reason causing the gas temperature regulator pilots because of that reason causing the gas temperature value desired 15 º C.value desired 15 º C.

Design - ASME Section VIIIDesign - ASME Section VIII Type - Heat Exchanger (Heat Exchanger)Type - Heat Exchanger (Heat Exchanger) Gas hot water circulating through tubes in doing fine.Gas hot water circulating through tubes in doing fine. Natural gas-fired hot water boilers is provided.Natural gas-fired hot water boilers is provided.

The station exit temperature is set the desired temperature, the The station exit temperature is set the desired temperature, the heater with the help of PLC regulation on the 3-way valve heater with the help of PLC regulation on the 3-way valve (thermoregulating valve) are hot and cold water setting.(thermoregulating valve) are hot and cold water setting.

Into the hot water heater outlet temperature to the desired value Into the hot water heater outlet temperature to the desired value directly without going back to the boiler.directly without going back to the boiler.

Boiler in the boiler thermostat does not work when it is not needed.Boiler in the boiler thermostat does not work when it is not needed.

Regulator:Regulator: Consisting of two pressure reducing regulator system.Consisting of two pressure reducing regulator system. The backup system malfunction when one of the other circuits. The The backup system malfunction when one of the other circuits. The

gas pressure is reduced and the amount of gas measured at the gas pressure is reduced and the amount of gas measured at the station.station.

Pilot-driven active-monitor-type regulatorsPilot-driven active-monitor-type regulators Sensitivity - RG 1%, 2% SG (catalog value)Sensitivity - RG 1%, 2% SG (catalog value) Instantaneous shut-off valve (slam-shut valve) does not exist.Instantaneous shut-off valve (slam-shut valve) does not exist. Placed in the main body of the regulator on the monitor instead of Placed in the main body of the regulator on the monitor instead of

the sudden shut-off valve.the sudden shut-off valve. Heating is provided through the pilot gas does not freeze.Heating is provided through the pilot gas does not freeze.

Relief Valve:Relief Valve:

That is used for safety equipment. The regulator output That is used for safety equipment. The regulator output pressure relief valve (Pressure Relief Valve) set the pressure relief valve (Pressure Relief Valve) set the value rises above the gas pumps on the station.value rises above the gas pumps on the station.

Measuring Line:Measuring Line:

Ball valveBall valve Flow Correction (straightener)Flow Correction (straightener) Transmitter (3 pcs DP, 1 P)Transmitter (3 pcs DP, 1 P) Orifismetre (senior version)Orifismetre (senior version) Flow Limiter butterfly valveFlow Limiter butterfly valve Actuated ball valveActuated ball valve

Run Switching:Run Switching: Measuring, for each of the line itself is carried out by the Flow Computer.Measuring, for each of the line itself is carried out by the Flow Computer. Flow Computer, the measurement coming from the DP, P, T (outlet Flow Computer, the measurement coming from the DP, P, T (outlet

temperature), the specific gravity kromotograftan gas, CO2, N2 is calculated temperature), the specific gravity kromotograftan gas, CO2, N2 is calculated using the values of the amount of gas passing through an instant.using the values of the amount of gas passing through an instant.

Go to the main control unit of the PLC values on each line.Go to the main control unit of the PLC values on each line. Will make all decisions regarding the station PLC.Will make all decisions regarding the station PLC. Line the upper and lower limit values manually entered in the PLC (min. Line the upper and lower limit values manually entered in the PLC (min.

20%, max.% 90). When the amount of gas passing through the line 2.hat 20%, max.% 90). When the amount of gas passing through the line 2.hat max value on the PLC controller automatically opens the outlet valve 1.line max value on the PLC controller automatically opens the outlet valve 1.line lowered. In this way, the amount of gas is devided equal to 2 lines. The lowered. In this way, the amount of gas is devided equal to 2 lines. The same amount of gas passing through the outlet valve closes 2.lines begins same amount of gas passing through the outlet valve closes 2.lines begins to degrade single-line starts. Switching Such work is called Run.to degrade single-line starts. Switching Such work is called Run.

REGULATORS

TYCO. PRV-1 Pressure Regulating Valve - YouTube.flv

B531 Twin Parallel Natural Gas Regulator_ Principle of Operation - YouTube.flv

RELiEF VALVES

ISOLATION SEALS

THE OTHER VELVES

RMS A STATIONRMS A STATION

RMS B STATIONRMS B STATION

RMS C STATIONRMS C STATION

USING OF NGUSING OF NG

The area of using of natural gasThe area of using of natural gas

1-) Use as a raw material1-) Use as a raw material2-) Use as CNG2-) Use as CNG3-) Industrial uses3-) Industrial uses4-) Residential uses4-) Residential uses

1-) Use as a raw material1-) Use as a raw material

Natural gas is used to these; the composition of the Natural gas is used to these; the composition of the hydrocarbons, industrial ammonia, methanol, hydrogen hydrocarbons, industrial ammonia, methanol, hydrogen and synthesis of petrochemical products, ink, glue, and synthesis of petrochemical products, ink, glue, synthetic rubber, photographic film, plastics, fertilizers synthetic rubber, photographic film, plastics, fertilizers and etc. and etc.

2-) Use as CNG:2-) Use as CNG:Compressed natural gas (CNG) is the most comfortable, the most Compressed natural gas (CNG) is the most comfortable, the most

economical, safest, cleanest fuel with natural gas, pipeline, yet unpaved economical, safest, cleanest fuel with natural gas, pipeline, yet unpaved areas, in order to allow the use of special stock units filled with compressed areas, in order to allow the use of special stock units filled with compressed state.state.

TSE and European norms, custom stock units filled with compressed TSE and European norms, custom stock units filled with compressed gas. Special truck, tractor and lorry trucks are delivered to users by moving. gas. Special truck, tractor and lorry trucks are delivered to users by moving. This system "is called CNG system". CNG system, all energy use in the This system "is called CNG system". CNG system, all energy use in the home use up the giant industrial enterprises easily apply. In this way, non-home use up the giant industrial enterprises easily apply. In this way, non-natural gas infrastructure in the regions, people and organizations to benefit natural gas infrastructure in the regions, people and organizations to benefit from the advantages offered by natural gas opportunities.from the advantages offered by natural gas opportunities.

Energy needs in all areas, eateries, recreational facilities, Energy needs in all areas, eateries, recreational facilities, greenhouses corn farms, villas, public houses, hotels, ranging from small greenhouses corn farms, villas, public houses, hotels, ranging from small businesses to large industrial companies and a wide range of autogas is businesses to large industrial companies and a wide range of autogas is possible to take advantage of CNG.possible to take advantage of CNG.

3-)Industrial uses3-)Industrial uses

Small industrial workshops and furnature used for Small industrial workshops and furnature used for manufacturing purposes. Iron and steel, cement, manufacturing purposes. Iron and steel, cement, chemical industry, glass and tiles utilized in the chemical industry, glass and tiles utilized in the manufacture of natural gas, is also an important source manufacture of natural gas, is also an important source of energy for the textile industry. Turkey's electricity of energy for the textile industry. Turkey's electricity needs are produced in a considerable part of the natural needs are produced in a considerable part of the natural gas fired power plants.gas fired power plants.

4-)Residential uses4-)Residential usesa) Purpose Use of Kitchena) Purpose Use of Kitchen By the fact that the basic rule of the gas tube and the cost of natural gas is the low By the fact that the basic rule of the gas tube and the cost of natural gas is the low

constant. Because of the cleaning and maintenance of furnaces are used.constant. Because of the cleaning and maintenance of furnaces are used.b) Purpose of Use Hot Waterb) Purpose of Use Hot Water With hot water to form a solid or liquid fuel-fired water heaters tube gas heaters are With hot water to form a solid or liquid fuel-fired water heaters tube gas heaters are

used. Their stock of the fuel and ash, is there such problems. These problems are used. Their stock of the fuel and ash, is there such problems. These problems are eliminated with the use of natural gas. The boiler generates heat and hot water eliminated with the use of natural gas. The boiler generates heat and hot water heating system devices such as.heating system devices such as.

c) Warm-Purpose Usec) Warm-Purpose Use Warm-upWarm-up Heating device according to the requests of people using their locality comfort of your Heating device according to the requests of people using their locality comfort of your

own is a form of warm-ups. Combi boilers, central heating, stoves and fireplaces.own is a form of warm-ups. Combi boilers, central heating, stoves and fireplaces.d) Central Heatingd) Central Heating Conversion of the existing heating system to natural gas boiler room.Conversion of the existing heating system to natural gas boiler room.

Central Heating System ComponentsCentral Heating System Components

Central heating systems principles, to achieve a win or a group Central heating systems principles, to achieve a win or a group of heat, hot water, steam or hot air heated to places with the of heat, hot water, steam or hot air heated to places with the transmission.transmission.

Combi Heating SystemCombi Heating System

A boiler is defined as "a closed vessel in which water A boiler is defined as "a closed vessel in which water or other liquid is heated, steam or vapor is generated, or other liquid is heated, steam or vapor is generated, steam is superheated, or any combination there of, steam is superheated, or any combination there of, under pressure or vacuum, for use external to itself, by under pressure or vacuum, for use external to itself, by the direct application of energy from the combustion of the direct application of energy from the combustion of fuels, from electricity or nuclear energy."fuels, from electricity or nuclear energy."

3-Ways Valve:3-Ways Valve:3 ways valve is used to parser hot water and heating.3 ways valve is used to parser hot water and heating.

Water Switch:Water Switch:Water switch requests to want hot waterWater switch requests to want hot water

Electronic Card:Electronic Card:Electronic card is the brain of combi.Electronic card is the brain of combi.

Main Heat Exchanger:Main Heat Exchanger:Main exchanger heats the water from the burner heat. Main exchanger heats the water from the burner heat.

Plate Heat Exchanger:Plate Heat Exchanger:Plate heat exchanger heats the city water from the 1. exchanger Plate heat exchanger heats the city water from the 1. exchanger heats.heats.

Pump:Pump:Pump sends heated water to plate exchanger and heat register.Pump sends heated water to plate exchanger and heat register.

Pressure Sensor:Pressure Sensor:Pressure sensor reports the water quantity to electronic card.Pressure sensor reports the water quantity to electronic card.

Heat Sensor:Heat Sensor:Heat sensor sets the temperature of water as taking information of Heat sensor sets the temperature of water as taking information of electronic card.electronic card.

Filling Tap:Filling Tap:When combis water pressure is decreasing, it pumps water to When combis water pressure is decreasing, it pumps water to combi.combi.

Expansion Tank:Expansion Tank:Expansion tank sets the waters equilibrium in combi.Expansion tank sets the waters equilibrium in combi.

Thermometer:Thermometer:Thermometer is measuring the waters heat in combi.Thermometer is measuring the waters heat in combi.

Manometer:Manometer:Manometer is measuring the waters pressure in combi.Manometer is measuring the waters pressure in combi.

Burner:Burner:Burner burns the mixture of air and natural gas.Burner burns the mixture of air and natural gas.

3 WAY VALVES

PUMPS

PRESSURE SENSORS

HEAT SENSOR

EXPENSIONS TANK

BURNERS

BOILER CHIMNEY(BACALI)

HERMETIC COMBI

CONDENSING COMBI(YOĞUŞMALI)

THE END