Natural Enve

8/2/2019 Natural Enve

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PRESENTATION ON

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT


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CRUST

LOWER MANTLE

LITHOSPHERE

UPPER MANTLE

OUTER CORE

INNER CORE

ACCORDING TO THE EARTH SCCIENCE..


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GEOGRAPHICAL ACTIVITIES


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WATER ON EARTH


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Water covers 70.9% of the Earth's surface.

On Earth,

96.5% - Oceans

1.7% - Groundwater

1.7% - Glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland

0.001% - in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of solid and liquid water

particles suspended in air), and precipitation

& a small fraction in other large water bodies

Only 2.5% of the Earth's water is freshwater, and 98.8% of that water isin ice and groundwater.

Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, ponds and the

atmosphere.


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ATMOSPHERE & CLIMATE


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ATMOSPHERE

The atmosphere of the Earth serves as a key factor in sustaining the

planetary ecosystem.

It is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by

Earth's gravity.

Dry air consists of

78% - Nitrogen

21% - Oxygen

1% - Argon and other inert gases such as carbon dioxide.

Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor.

Air content and atmospheric pressure varies at different layers.


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Atmospheric layers

Earth's atmosphere can be divided into five main layers:

1. Exosphere: The outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere extends from the

exobase upward, mainly composed of hydrogen and helium.

2. Thermosphere: Its height varies with solar activity and ranges from about

350800 km (220500 mi; 1,100,0002,600,000 ft). The

International Space Station orbits in this layer, between

320 and 380 km (200 and 240 mi).

3. Mesosphere: The mesosphere extends from the stratopause to 8085km (5053 mi; 260,000280,000 ft).


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4. Stratosphere:The stratosphere extends from the tropopause to about

51 km (32 mi; 170,000 ft). The stratopause, which is the

boundary between the stratosphere and mesosphere,

typically is at 50 to 55 km (31 to 34 mi; 160,000 to 180,000 ft).

5. Troposphere: The troposphere begins at the surface and extends to

between 7 km (23,000 ft) at the poles and 17 km (56,000 ft)

at the equator, with some variation due to weather.

The tropopause is the boundary between the troposphere

and stratosphere.

OTHER LAYERS

1.Ozone layer2.Ionosphere

3.Homosphere & Heterosphere

4.Planetary boundary layer


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CLIMATE

Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity,

atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle countand numerous other meteorological elements in a given region

over long periods of time.


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LIFE


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Ecosystems

An ecosystem(also called as environment) is a naturalunit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-

organisms (biotic factors) in an area functioning

together with all of the non-living physical (abiotic)

factors of the environment .

Biological diversity

Human ecosystems

Wilderness


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Biomes & Biogeochemical cycles

Biomes : Biomes are terminologically similar to the concept ofecosystems, and are climatically and geographically defined areas of

ecologically similar climatic conditions on the Earth, such as communities

of plants, animals, and soil organisms, often referred to as ecosystems.

Biogeochemical cycles :

Water cycle

Oxygen cycle

Carbon cycle

Nitrogen cycle

Phosphorus cycle


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GLOBAL WARMING


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Polar ice caps melting

Fires & wildfires

Destructive storms


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Death by smog

Desertification

Tsunamis


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Cold Waves

Increased volcanic activity

More dangerous

thunderstorms


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Animal attacks

Diminished food and watersupplies


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CHALLENGES / ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES


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Climate Change

Conservation

Energy

Environmental Degradation

Environmental Health

Genetic Engineering

Intensive Farming

Mega Projects

Land Degradation


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Soil

Land Use

Nanotechnology

Nuclear Issues

Overpopulation

Ozone Depletion

Pollution


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Goals Commonly Expressed ByEnvironmental Scientists


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Future Goals Of Zero Pollution

Converting Non-recyclable Materials Into Energy.

Reduced Consumption Of Non-renewable Resources.

Developing Green, Low-carbon Renewable Resources.

Conservation And Sustainable Use Of Scarce Resources.

Preservation Of Endangered Species Extinction.


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