Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715
-
Upload
kirk-jones -
Category
Documents
-
view
262 -
download
5
Transcript of Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715
![Page 1: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Natural and Mechanical Cooling Methods for Farm and Homestead Storage Chris Chaisson Kirk Jones
![Page 2: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Cooling Systems – Natural to Mechanical• Ground temperature
• Spring water
• Ice
• Outside Air
• Passive venting air exchange
• Active venting air exchange
• Commercial refrigeration
• Controllers
• Freeaire controller – active air/commercial refrigeration
• Coolbot controller – controlled window AC
• Callahan’s Farm Hack system
• myDTC – DIY active air
• myWebController – DIY active system
• Co gen/tri-gen – using heat to cool
• Future Systems/Future needs
![Page 3: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why Natural or Mechanical?
Seasonal Storage (cool seasons)
• Vents
• Fans
• Freeaire Polar Package
Year Round Storage
Ice
Compressor
walk-ins
Coolbot
Mix: Freeaire/conventional
vents and coolbots
Co/Trigeneration
absorption refrigeration
![Page 4: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Which one is better? For whom?
• Wine- Cellar- mechanically controlled
• Cheese- Cellar- mechanically controlled
• Homestead – Small root cellar/Ice
• Farmstead – large root cellar/Ice
• Farm/CSA/Institution- Root Cellar/Walkin
• Small markets- Free aire/Compressor/Cellar
![Page 5: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Important Post-Harvest Care
• Produce should be harvested
when cold
• Harvest as late in season
• Naturally seasoned
vegetables store longer and
better
• Brix content will be higher
• Remove field heat
– Hydro cooling
– Use mechanical systems
![Page 6: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Field heat
![Page 7: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Traditional In-Ground StorageCitrus fruit storage cave in Cappadocia, Turkey
Women culling lemons and repackaging for shipment
![Page 8: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Spring House for Cold Storage Denning, Ulster County, New York
![Page 9: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Community ice harvests
![Page 10: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ice in Colonial America
![Page 11: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Thompson's Ice HouseSouth Bristol, Maine
![Page 13: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ice Options now
•Cutting and hauling• Forming in place
•Storage Designs• Below or above ground• Sawdust or wood shavings• Vents and drains• Gravel/permeable floor• Thermal mass stone/concrete walls
![Page 14: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Rainbow Heritage
![Page 15: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The cave construction 1
![Page 16: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cave construction 2
![Page 17: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cave construction 3
![Page 18: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cave Construction 4
![Page 20: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ice in Harvest
• Tapered plastic tubs
• -20F is ideal
![Page 21: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ice in theCarrot Cave
![Page 22: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ice thermal values•Thermal Conductivity, 2.2 W/m-K•Heat capacity, 2.1 kJ/kg-K•Heat of Fusion, 333.55 kJ/kg
![Page 23: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Passive venting a root cellar•4-6” PVC S+D
•Warm air escape at
ceiling
•Cold air entry 6” above
floor
•Vent through existing
window w/ insulation
and plywood
•Hardware cloth and
screen against insects
and rodents
•Close in Winter
![Page 24: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Adamah Adam
![Page 25: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Venting details
![Page 26: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
120 CFMSimple in-line fan
and damper
Active Venting
![Page 27: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Dampers and duct fans
Spring loaded 4” backdraft dampers, $20 each
4” In-line duct fan, $29 ea
![Page 28: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Adamah Retreat Center
![Page 29: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Mechanical cooling – refrigeration
• Compressor
• Absorption refrigeration
• Biogas, wood cogen (furnace, kiln), solar –solar during day and propane at night
• Modify and mix
• Coolbot - Cheaper situation that uses an air conditioner
• Freeaire
![Page 32: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
FreeAire System
![Page 34: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
FreeAire components
![Page 35: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Web Interface
![Page 36: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
FreeAire Benefits
• Cooler Controller Capabilities – Year Round Savings– Controls Compressor run time: Reduces energy consumption & wear and tear. – Controls Evaporator Fan run time: Reduces energy consumption, reduces heat introduced
into cooled spaces & wear and tear. – Defrost Cycle Management (both air and electric defrost cycle): Reduces energy
consumption, reduces heat introduced into cooled spaces. – Data Logger: Keeps a downloadable record of system component runtime and energy
consumption & savings.
• Cooler Controller Capabilities – Year Round Savings with Optional Features– Monitors & Manages Door Heater Operation: Reduces energy consumption, reduces heat
introduced into cooled spaces. – Humidity Monitoring: Monitors and controls humidity levels in cooled spaces and ensures
that humidity levels stay within a user selected range. – CO2 Monitoring: Monitors CO2 levels and can cycle fresh outside air into a cooled space (with
Polar Power package).
• Cooler Controller Capabilities – Maximum Savings with Polar Power (In Winter)– Uses outside air for cooling when conditions allow (in conjunction with Polar Power
package): Turns off conventional mechanical refrigeration system components, reduces heat introduced into cooled spaces, system wear and tear & dramatically reduces energy consumption.
![Page 37: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Chris Callahan (UVM AgExt)Outside Air Hack
![Page 38: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Set the Temperature between 35 and 40F
![Page 39: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Drumlin Farm Service Barn (MassAudubon)
Root cellar below, seed and squash storage above
Renovating main floor into classroom addition
Insulating South wall, with newer windows
![Page 40: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Root CellarCold and Moist Chambers
![Page 41: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Squash Room and Seed Storage
![Page 42: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Drumlin Cellar Venting
![Page 43: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Drumlin Cellar Electrical
![Page 44: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Drumlin Attic Venting
![Page 45: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Drumlin Attic Electrical
![Page 46: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
myDTC8
![Page 47: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Powisset Barn Crop Storage
![Page 48: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Powisset Crop Storage – Design Phase I
![Page 49: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Powisset Barn – Trustees of Reservations
![Page 50: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Powisset – Design Phase II
![Page 51: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
myWebController.comWebRelay-10
![Page 52: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Coolbots
• More efficient above 35F if well insulated and doors stay closed
![Page 53: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Cogeneration –Combined Heat and Power
![Page 54: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Trigen systems
![Page 55: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Absorption chillers
• Very Compact
• Few mechanical parts
• Low maintenance
• Runs on waste heat
• Reduces overall fuel use and electricity consumption
![Page 56: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Traditional RV Schematic
![Page 57: Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051520/58edd0e11a28abf7768b467f/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Promising Technology
“Small-scale trigeneration system offers hope for refrigeration in developing world” Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Magazine, 2014
“All-in-one energy system offers greener power for off-grid homes, farms and businesses” Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, 2014