Native Americans were the people who lived on the North American continent thousands of years before...
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Introduction to Mesoamerica
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Native Americans were the people who lived on the North American continent thousands of years before the European settlers started their voyages in the fifteenth century. Most scientists agree that the Native Americans crossed this land bridge from Asia through the Bering Strait during several series of migrations or movements.
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Early Human Migrations
Water Routes
Land Routes
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The Hunters followed Game
When: circa 20,000 B.C.E. - 8000 B.C.E.
Clovis Hunters and the Pleistocene Extinctions
Hunter-gathering societies– Nomadism– Band structure– Egalitarianism
Population diffusion
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Major Pre-Columbian Civilizations
1. Olmecs2. Maya3. Aztecs4. Incas
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The Olmecs
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Veracruz The Olmec inhabited the
region 1,200 years ago, and remained here until the beginning of the Christian era.
Olmec” was not what the people called themselves– It means “rubber
people” and comes from the rubber trees that flourish in the region
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Where? Among the various
Mesoamerican Pre-Classic period (1200 BCE-400 BCE) groups, the Olmecs are the most well-known.
About 3,000 years ago the Olmecs lived along the Gulf of Mexico coast in what is now southern Mexico. The area is now known as Veracruz.
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Culture The word "Olmec"
also refers to the rubber balls used for their ancient ball game.
Olmec were a highly developed and well organized group with a complex calendar, hereditary elite, hieroglyphic writing system, and maize cultivation.
They also created unique art objects and sculptures.
A quintessential Olmec piece that displays a clefted head, the typical were-jaguar mouth and the so-called flaming eyebrows, the original use of this remarkable piece was probably religious in nature.
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The Mayans
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Lands of the Mayans
The Yucatan
Peninsula
The Yucatan
Peninsula
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Important city-state: Chichen-Itza
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Chichen-Itza - Ball Court
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Overview of Tikal (Guatemala)
Temple of the Masks
Temple of the Masks
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Mayan Cultivation of
Maize
Chac, God of Rain Chac, God of Rain
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Mayan Drinking Cup for Chocolate
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Mayan Glyphs used in their
writing system
Mayan Mathematics
sky king house child city sky king house child city
• Developed a number system
• Understood the concept of zero. (similar to India advance).
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Pakal: The Maya Astronaut
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Monumental
Building:
Tikal: Temple of the Masks
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The Aztecs
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Lands of the Aztecs
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Tenochtitlan: The “Venice” of the
Americas
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Aztec Chinampa or Floating Garden:
15ft. to 30ft. wide
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Aztec Sun Stone - Calendar
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Aztec Math
Aztec Writing
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Aztec Codex (15c Manuscript)
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Aztecs Sacrifice Neighboring Tribes to the Sun God
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The Aztecs WereFierce Warriors
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The Incas
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Lands of the Incas- Peru
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Incan Suspension Bridges
Incan Suspension Bridges
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Incan Digging Sticks
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Over 100 Different Types of Potatoes Cultivated by
the Incans
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Produce from a Typical Incan Market
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Incan Terrace Farming
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The Quipu: An Incan Database
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Machu Picchu