Native Americans

-Land Bridge- aka Beringia

last Ice Age- 12,000 yrs ago

-Hunting and Gathering

-Agriculture develops

-Ancient civilizations

-adapted to their environments

-close relationship to the land

communal ownership

-belief in universal spirit

-Tribal communities

. •During the glacial period this was part of a migration route for people, animals, and plants. •Bering Land Bridge, aka Beringia, is how many human populations first passed from Asia to populate the Americas

You can find it today, 42 miles from the Bering Strait and the fishing boundary between the United States and Russia

Explorers

-Renaissance: rebirth -Exploration: too $$ to travel by land. Need alternative routes

Portugal: leaders of sea travel

Vasco Da Gama (1460-1524) was a Portuguese explorer who discovered an ocean route from Portugal to the East.

Columbus 1492: Italian sea cpt. set sail to find route to Asia/China

•

A cultural and political movement from 14th c (1300s)- 17th c (1600s) A new way of viewing the world thanks to printable type, ideas could be read and spread.

•Amerigo Vespucci: • discovered that South America stretched really far South and Americas were named after him.

•Vasco Nuñez de Balboa:

• Sent on an expedition with looking for treasure for Spain. The explorers were allowed to keep four-fifths of the treasure, while the monarchs got 1/5. This was called the Quinto Real, or Royal Fifth. •Lasting Influence- Balboa is one of the main reasons Spain had control of Mexico and Hispaniola. This affected the cultures and languages of the people, and Spanish is still spoken there today

•Ferdinand Magellan:

•What He Wanted: Portuguese-born navigator enlisted the king of Spain's support for an expedition to reach the Moluccas (islands in Indonesia) by sailing westwards. •Lasting Influence: cross the Atlantic and navigate through the straits at the southern point of South America which were later named after him. •April 1521, Magellan was killed in Philippians there after becoming involved in a battle between two rival local chieftains. •The strait of Magellan named after him and his crew reached Spain in September 1522, completing the first ever circumnavigation of the globe.

ALL WERE…. • Conquistadors:

– Spanish and Portuguese explorers.

– They colonized much of the world for Spain and Portugal in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries.

Impact of Contact

-Colombus’ impression: Natives will be easy to enslave

-colonization by force

-effects of disease: killed Native Americans who had no immunity

-importation of Africans: needed labor force

-Treaty of Tordesillas: Divided the world between Spain and Portugal

http://www.history.com/topics/columbus-

controversy/videos#christopher-columbus-

man-and-myth

Colombian Exchange

-transfer of goods

between societies

-Americas sent corn,

potatoes, squash,

tomatoes, peanuts,

tobacco

-Europe sent horses, cows,

pigs, coffee, vanilla,

chocolate, and technology

Columbus created a trade route from Asia, to Europe, to North America. Many plants, animals and diseases were transferred between the three continents. The Columbian Exchange both benefited and effected North America, Africa and Europe. Europe became $$$ & were immune to many diseases they carried

The Columbian Exchange both benefited and negatively effected

North America, Africa and Europe.

NORTH AMERICANS:

The Native Americans got many diseases from Columbus's voyage. Many people

were killed from these diseases becasue they weren't immune to them like the

Europeans. Also many people were killed by warfare, which lowered their population.

The Native Americans lost a lot of land and slave labor by being traded by Africans and

Europeans. The only benefit from his voyage was they got new plants and animals.

AFRICANS:

Africans were believed to have extremely good slaves. The Europeans wanted slaves

so they had more work being done, so they traded with Africa for slaves. Africa lost most

of their best slaves and they were not happy about this at all. They also lost a lot of their

population from diseases that Europeans gave them. Many Africans died from this and

many lost their lives from going through hard slave labor. The benefit from Columbus's

voyage, like Native Americans, was they got new plants and animals.

EUROPEANS:

Europeans had huge benefit after Columbus's voyage and rediscovery of North

America. They became more wealthy than anyone else in the trade route. They had

most of the best fit slaves working for them which they traded from Africa. Their best

weapon was disease. They were immune to many diseases such as smallpox, measles,

and influenza while Africa and North America wasn't. The Europeans gave them these

diseases which killed them or made them extremely ill. The diseases wiped out their

populations and Europe got more land.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNpfM4

First English Attempt

-Roanoke, NC-1587

Sir Walter Raleigh: sent

to establish colony in NA

Problems: not enough

supplies, winter

approaching. Cpt John

White sails back to get

supplies.

Returned in 1590…everyone

was gone.

Lost Colony

John White: Gov/Cpt

Virginia Dare: 1st child

born in New World

http://www.history.com/videos/mystery-

roanoke#mystery-roanoke

Lost Colony

►What happened?

– Disease

– Starvation

– Indian attack

– Assimilation to nearby Indian tribe

►Only clue: words “CROATOAN” carved

into a post

Think/Pair/Share QuickWrite

• Read the Roanoke Colony Article

• Think: About What Happened and Why

• Pair and Share With a Partner

• Write a one paragraph analysis of what

you believe happened to the Lost Colony

and why.