NATIONS IN UPHEAVALFRANCE AND ITALY

DEFINITIONS

Nation-state A sovereign state Inhabited by relatively homogeneous

group of people People share a feeling of common

nationality

DEFINITIONS

Nationalism National spirit Devotion and loyalty to one’s own nation Excessive patriotism The desire for national advancement or

independence

FRANCE

No longer a monarchy

Power held in the hands of the people’s elected representatives

NAPOLEON III

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon III NOT the Napoleon of

the Napoleonic Wars Nephew of Napoleon

Bonaparte

NAPOLEON III

President of the Second Republic December 1848 Won by 4 million votes

Why was he popular? Evoked nationalism and the idea of a

nation-state Appealed to the monarchs Appealed to the republicans

NAPOLEON III

Problem 4 year term No re-election

Solution Appeal to the people National Assembly allowed him to

appeal to the people Problem

Only those who had property had the right to vote

NAPOLEON III

Coup d'état - 1851 December 1-2▪ Occupy Paris▪ National Assembly dissolved▪ Universal male suffrage

December 4▪ Killed 200 rioters to prevent left-wing uprising

Declared himself emperor▪ Claimed he was restoring democratic rights

THE PEOPLE WERE HAPPY

Economy Prosperous▪ Railroad industry was booming ▪ Lead to the boom of other industries▪ Lead to employment

CRIMEAN WAR

1854-1856 Challenged Russia’s claim Reason for war

To stop Russia from expanding beyond the Black Sea and into the Balkans and east Mediterranean

Paris Peace Conference 1856 Russia compromised

CRIMEAN WAR

ITALY

Problem? Unification

GIUSEPPE MAZZINI Founder of the Young Italy

Society Society

Median through which goals of Italian nationalism were publicized

Wanted a new Italy to be democratic and republic

How was he going to make a new Italy? Revolts

ROME

Vatican and papacy Wanted to restore the Pope to Rome Intervene against the Roman

Republic Troops from Naples, Austria and France

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Man in charge to defend Rome

Failed Fled with his troops to

the hills Republic of Venice

surrendered to the Austrians in August of 1849

COUNT CAMILLO CAVOUR Took up the task of unification Joined France in Crimean War Joined Prussia against Austria Question of Italian unification

discussed at the Paris Peace Conference

Unification of northern Italy - 1860

GARBALDI’S BACK

His army is used to invade more lands in southern Italy

Problematic for Cavour Army will advance northwards

Solution Cavour and Garbaldi’s troops met in south

of Rome▪ Agree to unification

March 1861 The Kingdom of Italy is formed

SGA TOPICS

Nation-state Nationalism Coup d'état France’s economy Crimean War Mazzini vs. Garibaldi Cavour vs. Garibaldi