Nationalism in the Developing World
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Transcript of Nationalism in the Developing World
Nationalism in the Developing World
Mr. ErmerWorld History APMiami Beach Senior High
India British communication infrastructure connects far-
flung Indian population British create educated class of Indian administrators
Educated in European politics and values Indian National Congress (INC) & Muslim League
Wilson’s Fourteen Points, Lenin’s proletariat uprising Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948)
Ahisma (tolerance & nonviolence) Satyagnraha (truth and firmness)
Government of India Act (1937) Creates institutions of self-governance Indian princes, Muslims make India Act unsuccessful
Muhammad Ali Jinnah Proposed a two state solution to Indian independence
1947: Partition of British India
China 1912: Sun Yatsen declares China a republic
Unstable because of warlords, poor economy, treaties Chinese nationalists encouraged by Wilson’s 14 Points
Instead Treaty of Paris gives Japan more power in China May Fourth Movement
Anti-imperialist student protests Chinese Communist Party (CCP) founded by Mao Zedong
Sun Yatsen’s Three Principles Democratic government, Chinese unity, development Nationalist People’s Party
CCP members join NPP Soviet Union lends assistance in organization of party
Civil War 1925: Sun Yatsen dies, Chiang Kai-shek takes leadership Northern Expedition targets communists Establish Nationalist government in Nanjing Long March: Communist Red Army forced to remote area
Japan After WWI, Japan considered a “Big Five Power”
Supported early efforts at disarmament, peace Washington Naval Conference, Kellogg-Briand Pact
Japanese economy suffers through 1920s Calls for expanded freedoms, political participation
Conservatives block most movements Only expand suffrage to all men Military takes control of foreign policy
Events in Eurasia, Chinese Civil War begin to undermine Japanese interests in Manchuria 1931: Japanese forces take control of Manchuria
Mukden Incident Japanese establish Manchuko in Manchuria Japan dominates China, League of Nations protests Japan leaves League of Nations
Japanese Expansion
Africa WWI: Africans begin to fight back against
Europeans Transition from self-sufficient economies to trade
dependent economies Europeans invest heavily in infrastructure Taxes drive Africans into labor market Europeans control most means of production
Cash crops and mineral wealth African Nationalism
Educated “New Elite” African class emerges Jomo Kenyatta
Appropriate European notion of the “Nation” Some look to precolonial societies for identity Some look to race for creation of unity
Pan-Africanism
Pan-Africanism
Latin America New ideas begin to affect political climate
University protests and Communist parties Concern for Indians and African-Americans
Latin American economy export based Dependent on U.S. and European markets
Dollar Diplomacy & the Roosevelt Corollary U.S. money and military intertwined in Latin America
FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy U.S. signs “sweetheart treaties” trains local armies Good Neighbor Policy failures and successes
Nicaraguan Civil War Lazaro Cardenas and PeMex
Cultural Exchange and the GNP Carmen Miranda and the United Fruit Company