Technical Meeting

On Topical Issues in the Development of Nuclear Power Infrastructure

Vienna Austria, 31 January - 3 February 2017

National Roadmap for Nuclear Power

Programme - INDONESIA

Budi Santoso

Planning Bureau

National Nuclear Energy Agency - BATAN

Introduction

Nuclear Power Programme in Indonesia

Status of Infrastructure

Indonesia – Experimental Power Reactor

OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION

INDONESIA

Archipelagic country with >17,000 islands, population of 252 million people, with various electricity ratios and industrial development scale

Primary energy needs projection and electricity needs in 2025 and 2050 according to the National Energy Policy (KEN): – Demand for primary energy will reach approximately 400 MTOE in 2025 and

1000 MTOE in 2050

– Power plant capacity target in 2025 is 115 Gwe, and in 2050 it is about 430 GWe. (Installed capacity in 2016 was about 55 GWe)

• Government strongly encourages the growth and use of new and renewable energy (NRE). Nuclear energy belongs to NRE and is positioned as the last option (Gov. Reg. 79/14)

• However, on June 22, 2016 the President has requested a national roadmap be prepared, a power reactor research be built and international networks be established.

OVERVIEW

MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT

THIRD PLENARY SESSION OF NATIONAL ENERGY COUNCIL Press Release

No: 02/Humas/2016, Date: 22 June 2016

One of the conclusions of the 3rd plenary session: bellow: President emphasized that a roadmap should be established for development of nuclear option. That nuclear as the final option” as stated in the National Energy Policy (KEN), has been defined in the Action Plan / General Planning of Nuclear Energy (RUEN) as follows:

a. Constructing experimental power reactor and reactor laboratory for nuclear experts to express, interact and work, as well as providing support to conduct research in nuclear field in order to preserve knowledge already gained

b. Encouraging international cooperation so as to keep up with the advancements of technology

• Projection Scenario based on : Economic growth, population growth, industrial and transportation growth, electricity energy demand growth.

• The Government strongly encourages the growth and use of new and renewable energy (NRE).

• Nuclear is part of NRE and it is now positioned as the last option. The President has delivered a speech at a session of the National Energy Council (DEN) on June 22, 2016 to immediately establish a roadmap of nuclear power plants, build a power reactor research and establish international networks

ENERGY POLICY: Indonesia Energy Demand Projection Growth to 2050 Based on National Energy Policy (Gov Reg 79 year 2014)

KE

EBTKE

EBT

EB

ET

Batubara Tercairkan (Liquefied Coal)

Gas Metana Batubara (Coal Bed Methane)

Batubara Tergaskan (Gasified Coal)

Nuklir (Nuclear)

Hidrogen (Hydrogen)

Panas Bumi (Geothermal)

Hidro (Hydro)

Bioenergi (Bioenergy)

Surya (Solar)

Angin (Wind)

Energy

Conservation

New Energy

Renewable Energy

Systematic Effort, planned, and integrated to conserve

domestic energy resources and improve efficiency

utilization(GR 70/2009 Energy Conservation)

Clustering NRE based on Act 30/2007 on Energy

Nuclear Power Programme in Indonesia

Act No 10./1997

on Nuclear Energy

NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY -BATAN

Promoting Body

To conduct R&D promotion on nuclear energy

NUCLEAR ENERGY REGULATORY AGENCY -BAPETEN

Regulatory Body

To control the use of nuclear energy

BATAN AND BAPETEN FUNCTION

POWER REACTOR

NON POWER REACTOR

Non-Commercial

Commercial

Non-Commercial

Commercial

REACTOR TYPE : Act 10/1997 and GR 2/2014

Non Commercial: BATAN

Commercial : State company (BUMN), Private, Cooperative

CURRENT STATUS OF NPP SITE STUDY IN INDONESIA

Serpong selected as site for

Indonesia Experimental Power

Reactor

Bangka Sites Pre-FS (2010-

2011), Feasibility

Study (2011-2013)

West Kalimantan Site Pre-FS (Energy Planning) (2013)

Pre-Site Survey (2014)

Batam Site ……..

Muria Site Evaluation (1991-1996),

Monitoring of meteorology and microseismic (present time)

East Kalimantan Site ……..

Banten Site ……..

With many islands and varieties of demands and grid infrasructure, Indonesia needs to look at both large NPPs and SMRs

• Electrification ratio of 88.30% in 2015, not equally distributed among regions. 4 provinces have electrification ratio less than 70%.

• Electricity consumption per capita remained low at 910 kWh in 2015. • 35 GW program with commercial operations target in 2019. By 2016

as much as 19,120 MW (or 55%) contracts (PPA) have been signed. • Need to fulfill energy demand especially using New and Renewable

Energy (NRE) during 2025-2050 • Indonesia has committed through the COP 21 to reduce greenhouse

gas emissions by 29% in 2030

Nuclear can contribute to meet energy demand, increase share of NRE and support COP 21 target

CURRENT STATUS: Electricity Generation in Indonesia and Nuclear Option

Indonesia committed to voluntarily reduce GHG

emissions 29% by its own efforts or achieve 41%

with international assistance in 2030.

14

In 2017, Directorate General of New, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation will set up a roadmap of NPP as a mandated also by national energy master plan. The roadmap consist of : • Preparing the technological aspects of NPP • Fuel type, • Location, • Safety, • Legal system (regulation, standard, etc) • Readiness funding and human resources, • etc.

INDONESIA NUCLEAR ENERGY ROADMAP

Status of Infrastructure

• Self assessment of 19 NPP infrastructures readiness was completed in October 2009.

• An INIR mission for Phase 1 was conducted in November, 2009. The results show that Indonesia has done extensive preparatory work on most infrastructure issues that would allow the country to make decision to further consider introduction of nuclear power, i.e. to go from phase 1 to phase 2 in Milestone approach. However, three aspects remain to be met, i.e. National Position, Management, and Stakeholder Involvement

• After INIR Mission there have been some significant work with regard to NPP preparation, e.g. comprehensive Bangka Feasibility Study

INFRASTRUCTURES FOR NPP INTRODUCTION

Indonesia has done Phase 1 (based on self-evaluation and the Integrated National Infrastructures Review Mission -IAEA), except for the aspect of National Position, Management, and Stakeholder Involvement.

National Positions is a key element in nuclear power plant construction program, is expected to be met by forming / functioning of the institution responsible for nuclear power programs in Indonesia, or NEPIO.

STATUS OF NPP INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IAEA INIR MISSION

Government:

• Regulation

• Technology Selection

• Education, Socialization

• Licensing

• Safety

• Political Decision

• National Program

Legislative:

• Compliance with Law

• Safety Assurance

• National/Local Benefit

• Political Decision

Local Government:

• Regulation

• Safety Assurance

• Local Benefit

• Political Decision

• Social and Environment

Impact

• Job opportunities Community and NGO:

• Safety Assurance

• Job

• Local Benefit

• Environment and social

impact

Youth & Scientific Community • Local human resources

involvement • Local benefits • Safety aspects • Education, Socialization • Social Networking

Media: • News worthy Information

• Safety Assurance

• Public Information and

Opinion

NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME AND STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT

Fukushima

PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE BASED ON ANNUAL SURVEY 2010-2015

59.7%

49.5% 52.9% 60.4%

72.0% 75.3% 77.5%

0.0%

25.0%

50.0%

75.0%

100.0%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Fukushima NPP Acc

Act 10/1997 Nuclear Energy

GR 29/2008 on Licensing of

Ionizing Radiation Sources &

Nuclear Material

GR 54/2012 Safety & Security

of Nuclear Installations & Material

GR 61/2013 Radioactive

Waste Management

GR 2/2014 Licensing of Nuclear Inst. & Materials

BCR 4/2009 Decommissioning

of Nuclear Reactors

BCR 3/2011 Safety

Requirements for Design of NPPs

BCR 5/2007 Safety

Requirements for Site Evaluation of Nuclear Reactors

Safety Requirements

for Operation of NPPs

Safety Requirements for Commissioning

of NPPs

Safety Requirements

for Construction of Nuclear

Installations

GR 33/2007 Radiation Safety

& Security of Radioactive

Sources

GR 58/2015 Safe Transport

of Radioactive\

Material

REGULATIONS ON NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

Indonesia – Experimental Power Reactor

Location : PUSPIPTEK SERPONG

Power : 10 MWth

Technology : HTGR

Construction : 2018-2022

Comissioning / Operation : 2022/2023

Project Status : Completion of pre-project of the

• Development of the experimental power reactor of I-EPR is an innovative way and one of the entry points in the utilization of nuclear energy in Indonesia

• In line with the regulation in which BATAN has an authority to build and operate non- commercial NPP

• Development of I-EPR is also a strategic effort for mastering nuclear energy project management, engineering capacity building and human resource development to strengthen the role of Technical Supporting Organization (TSO).

• I-EPR will be a FOAK (First of a Kind) for future Indonesia’s commercial NPPs

INDONESIA Experimental Power Reactor (I-EPR)

• Act No 17 Year 2007: National Long Term

Development Planning

Mandate from the Act: During 3rd Mid Term

Development Plan (RPJM) 2015-2019: starting

nuclear energy utilization for electricity by

considering strict safety factor.

• Government Regulation No.2 Year 2014 : Licensing

of Nuclear Installation and Utilization of Nuclear

Material

Article 5:

(1) Construction, Operation, and Decommissioning

of Non-Commercial Power Reactor or Non-

Commercial Non-Power Reactor is implemented

by BATAN

• President Regulation 2/2015: National Mid Term

Development Planning 2015-2019 states mandate

to for implementing small scale of NPP

• The result of public opinion polling 2016 77.5 %

agree to NPP

I-EPR Development Basis

Desalination, District Heating

Urea Synthesis

Wood Pulp Manufacture

De-sulfurization of Heavy Oil

Petroleum Refineries

Town Gas

Styrene (ethylebenzene)

Ethylene (naptha, ethana)

Hydrogen (Steam Reforming)

Gasification of Coal

Electricity Generation (Gas Turbine)

Iron Manufacturing

Cement Manufacturing

Glass Manufacturing

POTENTIAL UTILIZATION OF HTGR

HTGR technology in the world

• Dragon 20 MWth (British): 1963-1976

• AVR, 46 MWth (Germany) : 1967-1988

• Peach Bottom, 115 MWth (USA): 1967-1974

• THTR (Jerman), 700 MWth (Germany): 1986-1989

• HTTR, 30 MWth (Japan): 1998-now

• HTR 10, 10 MWth (China), 2000-now

• HTR PM, 2 x 250 MWth (China). Under construction.

• Master Plan for 6 x 250 MWth.

ROADMAP OF NPP DEVELOPMENT

1. Pre-Project

2. EPC

3. Commissioning - Operation

4. NRE Laboratory

5. Commercialization

2014

2018

2022

2025

2030

• Bidding

• Multiple-year funding

• G to G

• Assurance of funding

Option 1 Option 2

2014

2019

2023

2026

2030

ROADMAP FOR I-EPR

REGULATORY APPROACH Licensing Applications based on Government Regulations No 2/2014)

Some Remarks: • Uniqueness of reactor (HTGR) which is not a water-based reactor • Limited availability of documents/references for non-water based reactors.

BAPETEN has approached other HTGR countries and the IAEA. • Some additional regulations for siting, design, and construction are under way:

(i) Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installation, (ii) Geotechnical Aspects of Site Evaluation and Foundation for NPP, (iii) SAR for NPP and SSC in NPP, (iv) Construction for Nuclear Installations

• Adjustments for existing regulations are required to accommodate HTGR technology and safety requirements post Fukushima

Site Evaluation

Site Permit Design

Approval Construction

License Operation

License

1. Site Evaluation for Site Permit (2014-2016) • Site Evaluation Program (SEP) and Management System of Site Evaluation

have been approved by BAPETEN on 25 February 2015 • Site Permit is under evaluation by BAPETEN

2. Pre-Project Activities (2015) • Conceptual Design & Front End Engineering Design • Integrated FS • Design Information Questionnaire, Reactor Main Data, EPC Bidding

document, PSAR 3. Environmental Impact Assessment (2015)

• TOR EIA has been approved by Ministry of Environment • EIA has been presented and still under evaluation

4. Cooperation and International Agreement for supporting the Project • China, Japan, Russia • IAEA

5. Public Acceptance • BATAN has conducted intensive socialization for the community around the

project site, employees of Puspiptek area , as well local governments

STATUS OF I-EPR PROJECT

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

Indonesia visited vendor countries such as China, Germany, Japan, South Africa, and Russia to discuss about the technology and regulatory aspects

Workshop on Modular HTGR Safety Philosophy, Safety Requirements and Evaluation, in Jakarta, 13-16 Dec 2016

• Supports from NPTDS - Department of Nuclear Energy, and Technical Cooperation in the form of workshops at BATAN and BAPETEN headquarters, inviting IAEA and international experts; also conduct of scientific visits and fellowships to other countries

Workshop on Modular HTGR Coated Particle Fuel Safety and Supporting Analysis, in Jakarta, 5-9 Dec 2016

COOPERATION WITH THE IAEA

Workshop on Pebble Bed HTGR Design, in Serpong, 28 Sep-2 Oct

2015

IAEA Workshops in Indonesia

Review of design and safety documents, in Serpong, Dec 2016 Scientific Visits to China

and Germany, 2016 Fellowship at the IAEA, Dec 2016 – Feb 2017

SOCIALIZATION AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION

BATAN has conducted intensive socialization in the community around the project site in Serpong, as well as employees of Puspiptek and local governments

POSSIBILITY FOR COMERCIALIZATION OF I-EPR

Thank you