National Cherry Blossom Festival

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National Cherry Blossom Festival From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Jefferson Memorial during the 2010 National Cherry Blossom Festival

The National Cherry Blossom Festival (Japanese: ) is a spring celebration in Washington, D.C. ,

commemorating the March 27, 1912, gift of Japanese cherry trees from Mayor Yukio Ozaki of Tokyo City to the

city of Washington. Mayor Ozaki donated the trees in an effort to enhance the growing friendship between

the United States and Japan and also celebrate the continued close relationship between the two nations .[1]

Contents

[hide ]

1 History

o 1.1 Early initiatives

o 1.2 Japanese gift planted

o 1.3 Cherry Blossom Festival

2 Organization and events of the Festival

3 Types of cherry trees

4 Gallery

5 See also

6 References

7 External links

[edit ]History

[edit ]Early initiatives
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ki/Yukio_Ozakihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_blossomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial


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Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore was an early proponent of planting Japanese flowering cherry trees along the Potomac River .

The effort to bring cherry trees to Washington, D.C. , preceded the official planting by several decades. In

1885, Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore returned from her first trip to Japan and approached the U.S. Army

Superintendent of the Office of Public Buildings and Grounds with the idea of planting cherry trees along the

reclaimed waterfront of the Potomac River . Scidmore, who would go on to become the first female board

member of the National Geographic Society , was rebuffed, though she would continue proposing the idea to

every Superintendent for the next 24 years .[2] Several cherry trees were brought to the region by individuals in

this period, including one that was the location of a 1905 cherry blossom viewing and tea party hosted by

Scidmore in northwest D.C. Among the guests was prominent botanist David Fairchild and his fiance Marian,

the daughter of inventor Alexander Graham Bell .[3]

In 1906, David Fairchild imported 1000 cherry trees from the Yokohama Nursery Company in Japan and

planted them on his own property in Chevy Chase, Maryland . The Fairchilds were pleased with the results of

their planting and in 1907 began promoting Japanese flowering cherry trees as an ideal tree to plant around

avenues in the Washington area. On September 26, with the help of the Fairchilds' friends, the Chevy Chase

Land Company ordered 300 Oriental cherry trees for the Chevy Chase area. In 1908, Fairchild donated cherry

saplings to every D.C. school to plant on its school grounds in observance of Arbor Day . At an Arbor Day

speech that Eliza Scidmore attended, Fairchild proposed that the "Speedway" (a now non-existing route around

the D.C. Tidal Basin ) be turned into a "Field of Cherries. "[2]

In 1909, Scidmore decided to raise the money to buy cherry trees and donate them to the District. As a matter

largely of form, on April 5 she wrote a letter to First Lady Helen Herron Taft , wife of newly elected

president Howard Taft , informing her of her plans. Two days later, the First Lady responded:

Thank you very much for your suggestion about the cherry trees. I have taken the matter up and am promised

the trees, but I thought perhaps it would be best to make an avenue of them, extending down to the turn in the
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road, as the other part is still too rough to do any planting. Of course, they could not reflect in the water, but the

effect would be very lovely of the long avenue. Let me know what you think about this .[2]

By chance, Jokichi Takamine , the Japanese chemist who discovered adrenaline , was in Washington with Mr.

Midzuno, the Japanese consul to New York City , on April 8. Informed of a plan to plant Japanese cherry trees

along the Speedway, Takamine asked if Mrs. Taft would accept an additional 2000 trees, while Midzuno

suggested that the trees be given in the name of Tokyo . Takamine and Midzuo subsequently met with the First

Lady, who accepted the offer of 2000 trees .[2]

The original 1910 gift of 2000 cherry trees from Tokyo had to be burned after they were discovered to be infested

withagricultural pests and disease

On April 13, Spencer Cosby , Superintendent of the Office of Public Buildings and Grounds, purchased ninety

cherry trees (Prunus serrulata ) that were planted along the Potomac River from the Lincoln Memorial south

toward East Potomac Park . It was subsequently discovered that the trees were of the cultivar Shirofugen,

rather than the ordered Fugenzo. These trees had largely disappeared by the 21st century .[2]

On August 30, 1909, the Embassy of Japan in Washington, D.C. , informed the U.S. Department of State that

the city of Tokyo intended to donate 2000 cherry trees to the United States to be planted along the Potomac.

These trees arrived in Washington, D.C., on January 6, 1910. However, the inspection team from

the Department of Agriculture (led b yFlora Wambaugh Patterson ) found that the trees were infested with

insects and nematodes , concluding that the trees had to be destroyed to protect local growers. President Taft

gave the order to burn the trees on January 28 .[2] Secretary of State Philander C. Knox wrote a letter

expressing the regret of all involved to the Japanese Ambassador. Takamine responded to the news with

another donation for more trees, 3020 in all, of a lineage taken from a famous group of trees along the ArakawaRiver in Tokyo and grafted onto stock from Itami, Hyogo Prefecture . On February 14, 1912, 3020 cherry trees

of twelve cultivars were shipped on board the Awa Maru and arrived in D.C. via rail car from Seattle on March

26 .[2]

[edit ]Japanese gift planted
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Photographers and painters along th eTidal Basin under blossoming cherry trees, 1920

In a ceremony on March 27, 1912, First Lady Helen Herron Taft and Viscountess Chinda, wife of the Japanese

ambassador, planted the first two of these trees on the north bank of the Tidal Basin in West Potomac Park . At

the end of the ceremony, the First Lady presented Viscountess Chinda with a bouquet of 'American Beauty'

roses . These two trees still stand at the terminus of 17th Street Southwest, marked by a large plaque .[2] By

1915, the United States government had responded with a gift of flowering dogwood trees to the people of Japan .[4]

From 1913 to 1920, trees of the Somei-Yoshino variety, which comprised 1800 of the gift, were planted around

the Tidal Basin. Trees of the other 11 cultivars, and the remaining Yoshinos, were planted in East Potomac

Park. In 1927, a group of American school children re-enacted the initial planting. In 1934, the District of

Columbia Commissioners sponsored a three-day celebration of the flowering cherry trees.

[edit ]Cherry Blossom Festival

The Washington Monument , as seen from West Potomac Park across the Tidal Basin

The first "Cherry Blossom Festival" was held in 1935 under joint sponsorship by numerous civic groups,

becoming an annual event. The cherry trees had by this point became an established part of the nation's
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capitol. In 1938, plans to cut down trees to clear ground for the Jefferson Memorial prompted a group of women

to chain themselves together at the site in protest. A compromise was reached where more trees would be

planted along the south side of the Basin to frame the Memorial. A Cherry Blossom Pageant was begun in

1940 .[2]

On December 11, 1941, four trees were cut down. It is suspected that this was retaliation for th e attack on Pearl

Harbor by the Empire of Japan four days earlier, though this was never confirmed. In hopes of dissuading

people from further attacks upon the trees during the war, they were referred to as "Oriental" flowering cherry

trees for the war's duration .[2] Suspended during World War II , the festival resumed in 1947 with the support of

the Washington, D.C., Board of Trade and the D.C. Commissioners. [citation needed ]

In 1948, the Cherry Blossom Princess and U.S. Cherry Blossom Queen program were started by th eNational

Conference of State Societies . A Princess was selected from each state and federal territory, with a queen

chosen to reign over the festival. In 1952, Japan requested help restoring the cherry tree grove at Adachi,

Tokyo along the Arakawa River, which was the parent stock of the D.C. trees but had diminished during the

war. In response, the National Park Service sent budwood back to Tokyo .[2]

The Japanese ambassador gave a 300-year old stone lantern to the city of Washington to commemorate the

signing of the 1854 Japan-US Treaty of Amity and Friendship by Commodore Matthew C. Perry . For a number

of years, the lighting of this lantern formally opened the Festival. Three years later, the president of the pearl

company started by Mikimoto Kkichi donated the Mikimoto Pearl Crown. Containing more than five pounds of

gold and 1,585 pearls, the crown is used at the coronation of the Festival Queen at the Grand Ball. The next

year, the Mayor of Yokohama gifted a stone pagoda to the City to "symbolize the spirit of friendship between

the United States of America manifested in the Treaty of Peace, Amity and Commerce signed at Yokohama on

March 31, 1854. "[2]

Lady Bird Johnson plants a cherry tree along the Tidal Basin during the 1965 National Cherry Blossom Festival.
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The Japanese gave 3,800 more Yoshino trees in 1965, which were accepted by First Lady Lady Bird Johnson .

These trees were grown in the United States and many were planted on the grounds of the Washington

Monument . For the occasion, the First Lady and Ryuji Takeuchi, wife of the Japanese ambassador, reenacted

the 1912 planting. In 1982, Japanese horticulturalists took cuttings from Yoshino trees in Washington, D.C., to

replace cherry trees that had been destroyed in a flood in Japan. From 1986 to 1988, 676 cherry trees were

planted using US$ 101,000 in private funds donated to the National Park Service to restore the trees to the

number at the time of the original gift .[2]

In 1994, the Festival was expanded to two weeks to accommodate the many activities that happen during the

trees' blooming .[5] Two years later, the Potomac and Arakawa became sister rivers. Cuttings were taken from

the documented 1912 trees in 1997 to be used in replacement plantings and thus preserve the genetic heritage

of the grove. In 1999, fifty trees of the Usuzumi variety from Motosu, Gifu , were planted in West Potomac Park.

According to legend, these trees were first planted by Emperor Keitai in the 6th century and were designated

a National Treasure of Japan in 1922 .[2] From 2002 to 2006, 400 trees propagated from the surviving 1912trees were planted to ensure the genetic heritage of the original donation is maintained .[2]

Visitors in a cherry grove on the National Mall , April 5, 2009

[edit ]Organization and events of the Festival
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Gordon Peterson as master of ceremonies for the 2006 Cherry Blossom Festival

Today the National Cherry Blossom Festival is coordinated by the National Cherry Blossom Festival, Inc., an

umbrella organization consisting of representatives of business, civic, and governmental organizations. More

than 700,000 people visit Washington each year to admire the blossoming cherry trees that herald the

beginning of spring in the nation's capital.

The two-week festival begins on the last Saturday of March with a Family Day and an official opening

ceremony in the National Building Museum .[6][7] An array of activities and cultural events takes place on the

following days .[8] The Blossom Kite Festival (formerly the Smithsonian Kite Festival) usually takes place during

the festival's first weekend. Every day there is a sushi /sake celebration, classes about cherry blossoms, and abike tour of the Tidal Basin. Other events include art exhibits (photography, sculpture, animation), cultural

performances, rakugo , kimono fashion shows, dance, singing, martial arts , merchant-sponsored events, and

a rugby union tournament.

On the second Saturday of the celebration, a three-stage festival takes place on th e Southwest

Waterfront .[9] When the festival ends, a fireworks show begins on the nearb yWashington Channel .[10] The next

morning, the Cherry Blossom 10-Mile Run begins on the grounds of the Washington Monument .[11] Later in the

day, dignitaries gather at the Tidal Basin to participate in a ceremonial lighting of the 360-year old Japanese

stone lantern .[12]

On the last Saturday of the festival, the National Cherry Blossom Festival Parade takes place

along Constitution Avenue .[13] During and after the parade, the Sakura Matsuri -Japanese Street Festival

(Japanese: ),[14] the largest Japanese Cultural Festival in the United States, takes place at 12th

Street and Pennsylvania Avenue , Northwest .[15] Because the festival must be planned long in advance, it

sometimes fails to be celebrated during the peak of the cherry blooms. See also Japanese festivals .
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wiki/National_Cherry_Blossom_Festival#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest,_Washington,_D.C.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Cultural_Festivalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cherry_Blossom_Festival#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cherry_Blossom_Festival#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_Avenuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cherry_Blossom_Festival#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_Basinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cherry_Blossom_Festival#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Monumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_Blossom_10-Mile_Runhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cherry_Blossom_Festival#cite_note-fireworks-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cherry_Blossom_Festival#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Waterfront,_Washington,_D.C.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Waterfront,_Washington,_D.C.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimonohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakugohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sushihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_Kite_Festivalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cherry_Blossom_Festival#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cherry_Blossom_Festival#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cherry_Blossom_Festival#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Building_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_ceremonieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Peterson


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In 2009, the National Cherry Blossom Festival introduced an alternative event to its lineup, with the debut

of Cherry Blast , an underground-ish mix of projected art, dance performances, live music, fashion and DJs that

took place in an empty (but festively decorated) Anacostia warehouse. (Most of the crowd was shuttle-bussed

in from Dupont Circle .) In 2010, Cherry Blast II the creation of artist Philippa P. Hughes of the Pink Line

Project moved to a storage warehouse in Adams Morgan , but still featured an eclectic group of local artists

and musicians .[16] Cherry Blast III took place indoors near the Southwest Waterfront in the evening of the 2011

festival's second Saturday ,[17] during and after the festival's nearby fireworks show .[10]

[edit ]Types of cherry trees

The Yoshino cultivar is the most common in D.C. and can be found encircling the Tidal Basin

Of the initial gift of 12 varieties of 3,020 trees, two the Yoshino and Kwanzan now dominate .[18]

The Yoshino produces single white blossoms that create an effect of white clouds around the Tidal Basin and

north onto the grounds of the Washington Monument. Intermingled with the Yoshino are a small number of Akebono cherry trees, which bloom at the same time as the Yoshino and produce single, pale-pink

blossoms .[18][19]

The Kwanzan grows primarily in East Potomac Park and comes into bloom two weeks after the Yoshino. It

produces clusters of clear pink double blossoms. East Potomac Park also has Fugenzo, which produces rosy

pink double blossoms, and Shirofugen, which produces white double blossoms that age to pink . [18][20]

Interspersed among all the trees are the Weeping Cherry, which produces a variety of single and double

blossoms of colors ranging from dark pink to white about a week before the Yoshino. Other cultivars that can

be found are the Autumn Cherry (semi-double, pink), Sargent Cherry (single, deep pink), Usuzumi (white-grey),and Takesimensis .[18][19][20]
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Bonsai From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Bonsai (disambiguation) .

Not to be confused with Banzai .

Bonsai at the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum at the United States National Arboretum

Bonsai group planting at the "Foire du Valais" (Martigny, Switzerland )

Sequoia sempervirens (California redwood) "Informal Upright" style bonsai tree from the Brooklyn Botanic Garden

Bonsai ( ? , lit. plantings in tray , from bon , a tray or low-sided pot and sai , a planting or

plantings, pronunciation (help info))[1] is a Japanese art form using miniature trees grown in containers. Similar

practices exist in other cultures, including the Chinese tradition of penjing f rom which the art originated, and the
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miniature living landscapes of Vietnamese hn non b . The Japanese tradition dates back over a thousand

years, and has its own aesthetics and terminology.

"Bonsai" is a Japanese pronunciation of the earlier Chinese term penzai . A "bon" is a tray-like pot typically used

in bonsai culture .[2] The word bonsai is often used in English as an umbrella term for all miniature trees in

containers or pots, but this article focuses on bonsai as defined in the Japanese tradition.

The purposes of bonsai are primarily contemplation (for the viewer) and the pleasant exercise of effort and

ingenuity (for the grower) .[3] By contrast with other plant cultivation practices, bonsai is not intended for

production of food, for medicine, or for creating yard-size or park-size gardens or landscapes. Instead, bonsai

practice focuses on long-term cultivation and shaping of one or more small trees growing in a container.

A bonsai is created beginning with a specimen of source material . This may be a cutting, seedling, or small tree

of a species suitable for bonsai development. Bonsai can be created from nearly any perennial woody-

stemmed tree or shrub species[4]

that produces true branches and can be cultivated to remain small throughpot confinement with crown and root pruning. Som especies are popular as bonsai material because they have

characteristics, such as small leaves or needles, that make them appropriate for the compact visual scope of

bonsai.

The source specimen is shaped to be relatively small and to meet the aesthetic standards of bonsai. When the

candidate bonsai nears its planned final size it is planted in a display pot, usually one designed for bonsai

display in one of a few accepted shapes and proportions . From that point forward, its growth is restricted by the

pot environment. Throughout the year, the bonsai is shaped to limit growth, redistribute foliar vigor to areas

requiring further development, and meet the artist's detailed design.

The practice of bonsai is sometimes confused with dwarfing , but dwarfing generally refers to research,

discovery, or creation of plant cultivars that are permanent, genetic miniatures of existing species. Bonsai does

not require genetically dwarfed trees, but rather depends on growing small trees from regular stock and seeds.

Bonsai uses cultivation techniques like pruning, root reduction, potting, defoliation, and grafting to produce

small trees that mimic the shape and style of mature, full-size trees.

Contents

[hide ]

1 History

o 1.1 A concept and early versions

o 1.2 Hachi-no-ki

o 1.3 The classical bonsai period

o 1.4 The rise of modern bonsai
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2 Cultivation and care

o 2.1 Sources of bonsai material

o 2.2 Techniques

o

2.3 Care 3 Aesthetics

4 Display

o 4.1 Containers

5 Bonsai styles

o 5.1 Other styles

6 Size classifications

7 Indoor bonsai

8 See also 9 References

10 External links

[edit ]History

[edit ]A concept and early versions

The earliest illustration of a bonsai (penjing) is found in th e Qianling Mausoleum murals at th eTang Dynasty tomb of Crown

Prince Zhanghuai , dating to 706 .[5][6]

The lineage of bonsai derives from the Chinese penjing .[7] Imperial embassy personnel and Buddhist s tudents

from Japan had been returning from mainland China with many souvenirs, including occasional container

planting, since the 6th century .[8] At least 17 diplomatic missions were specifically sent from Japan to

the Tang court between the years 603 and 839 .[8]
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iki/Bonsai#Size_classificationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#Other_styleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#Bonsai_styleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#Containershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#Displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#Aestheticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#Carehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#Techniqueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#Sources_of_bonsai_materialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#Cultivation_and_care


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Japan's historical Shsin , which houses 8th-century artifacts including material from Japan' s Tempy period,

contains an elaborate miniature display dating from this time .[9] This artifact is composed of a wooden tray

serving as a base, carved wooden mountain models, and sand portraying a riverine sandbar. Small tree

sculptures in silver metal are meant to be placed in the sand, to produce a table-top depiction of a treed

landscape. While this display is closer to the Japanes e bonkei display than to a living bonsai, it does reflect the

period's interest in miniature landscapes.

From about the year 970 comes the first lengthy work of fiction in Japanese , Utsubo Monogatari (The Tale of

the Hollow Tree ), which includes this passage: "A tree that is left growing in its natural state is a crude thing. It

is only when it is kept close to human beings who fashion it with loving care that its shape and style acquire the

ability to move one." The idea, therefore, was already established by this time that natural beauty becomes true

beauty only when modified in accordance with a human ideal .[10]

In the medieval period, recognizable bonsai began to appear in handscroll paintings like the Ippen shonin

eden (1299) .[11] Saigyo Monogatari Emaki was the earliest known scroll to depict dwarfed potted trees in Japan.

It dates from the year 1195, in the Kamakura period . Wooden tray and dish-like pots with dwarf landscapes on

modern-looking wooden shelf/benches are shown in the 1309 Kasuga-gongen-genki scroll. These novelties

show off the owner's wealth and were probably exotics imported from China .[12]

Chinese Chan Buddhist monks also came over to teach at Japan's monasteries , and one of the monks'

activities was to introduc e political leaders of the day to the various arts of miniature landscapes as ideal

accomplishments for men of taste and learning .[13][14]

The c.1300 rhymed prose essay, Bonseki no Fu (Tribute to Bonseki ) written by celebrated priest and master

of Chinese poetry , Kokan Shiren (1278 1346), outlined the aesthetic principles for what would be termed

bonsai, bonseki and garden architecture itself. At first, the Japanese used miniaturized trees grown in

containers to decorate their homes and gardens .[14][15][16]

Criticism of the interest in curiously twisted specimens of potted plants shows up in one chapter of the 243-

chapter compilation Tsurezuregusa (c.1331). This work would become a sacred teaching handed down from

master to student, through a limited chain of poets (some famous), until it was at last widely published in the

early 17th century. Before then, the criticism had only a modest influence on dwarf potted tree culture.

In 1351, dwarf trees were displayed on short poles as portrayed in the Boki Ekotoba scroll .[17]

Several other scrolls and paintings also included depictions of these kinds of trees. Potted landscape arrangements made

during the next hundred years or so included figurines after the Chinese fashion in order to add scale and

theme. These miniatures would eventually be considered garnishes decidedly to be excluded by Japanese

artists who were simplifying their creations in the spirit of Zen Buddhism .[18]

[edit ]Hachi-no-ki
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Japanese white pine from the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum at the United States National Arboretum.

Around the 14th century, the term for dwarf potted trees was "the bowl's tree" ( , hachi-no-ki ).[19] This

denoted the use of a fairly deep pot, as opposed to the shallow pot denoted by the term bonsai .

Hachi-No-Ki (The Potted Trees ) is also the title of a Noh play by Zeami Motokiyo (1363 1444), based on a

story from c. 1383. It tells of an impoverished samurai who sacrifices his three last dwarf potted trees as

firewood to provide warmth for a traveling monk on a winter night. The monk is an official in disguise who later

rewards the samurai by giving him three lands whose names include the names of the three types of trees the

samurai burnt: ume (plum), matsu (pine ), and sakura (cherry ). In later centuries, woodblock prints by several

artists would depict this popular drama. There was even a fabric design of the same name.

Stories referring to bonsai began to appear more frequently by the 17th century. Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu (r.

1623-1651) was a hachi-no-ki enthusiast. A story tells of Okubo Hikozemon (1560 1639), councilor to the

shogun, who threw one of Iemitsu's favorite trees away in the garden in sight of the shogun in order to

dissuade him from spending so much time and attention on these trees. In spite of the servant's efforts, Iemitsu

never gave up his beloved art form. Another story from this time tells of a samurai 's gardener who killed himself

when his master insulted a hachi-no-ki of which the artisan was especially proud .[20]

Bonsai dating to the 17th century have survived to the present. One of the oldest-known living bonsai trees,

considered one of the National Treasures of Japan , is in the Tokyo Imperial Palace collection .[21] A five-needle

pine (Pinus pentaphylla var. negishi ) known as Sandai-Shogun-No Matsu is documented as having been cared

for by Tokugawa Iemitsu .[21] The tree is thought to be at least 500 years old and was first trained as a bonsai

by, at latest, the year 1610 .[21] The earliest known report by a Westerner of a Japanese dwarf potted tree was

made in 1692 by George Meister .[22]

Chinese bonsai containers exported to Japan during the 17th and 18th centuries would become referred to

as Kowatari ("old crossing"). These were made between 1465 and about 1800. Many came

from Yixing in Jiangsu province unglazed and usually purplish-brown and some others from around Canton ,

in particular, during the Ming dynasty .[23][24] Miniature potted trees were called hachi-ue in a 1681 horticulture

book. This book also stated that everyone at the time grew azaleas , even if the poorest people had to use
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_white_pinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_white_pinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeami_Motokiyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeami_Motokiyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeami_Motokiyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuraihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuraihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuraihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_mumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_mumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_mumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodblock_printhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodblock_printhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodblock_printhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokugawa_Iemitsuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokugawa_Iemitsuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokugawa_Iemitsuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuraihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuraihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuraihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Treasures_of_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Treasures_of_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Imperial_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Imperial_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Imperial_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai#cite_note-Bonsai_Te

National Cherry Blossom Festival

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