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National Check Payments Certification
Image Exchange: Processes
Copyright© 2014 by the Electronic Check Clearing House Organization
NCP 2015 Exam CycleCore Training Series
Session 7
2National Check Payments Certification
NOTICESThis training course may provide an introduction to or summary of various aspects of check payments and the legal and rules framework for check image exchange. Responsibility for compliance with image exchange rules, and/or the legal, operational and regulatory requirements applicable to check image exchange, remains at all times with the financial institution participating in check image exchange and/or the individual or company using a check image exchange service.
This presentation and the information contained herein is not intended as legal or compliance advice or recommendation to any person or company. This document could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors and individual users are responsible for verifying any information found in this presentation and related “live” webinar or webinar playback. Financial institutions should consult with their legal counsel regarding legal and operational requirements applicable to any check image exchange program they may offer or in which they participate.
These program training materials may not be reproduced or published, in whole or in part, without the express permission of ECCHO.
Copyright© 2014 by the Electronic Check Clearing House Organization(Certain contributed content subject to third party copyrights)
3National Check Payments Certification
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View detailed exam info
at: www.eccho.org/ncpc
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4National Check Payments Certification
Session Overview
• Image Exchange Trends• Check Processing Definitions • Types of Image Exchange• Day 1 Processes• Day 2 Processes• Image Returns / Return Reasons
5National Check Payments Certification
Image Exchange Trends• Check processing no longer the physical movement of
paper– Variety of electronic transmissions today
Image Cash Letters (ICLs) between banks for inclearing or transit cash letters
Internal image transmissions from front office to back officeFrom Image ATM, vault, lockbox, or Branch image capture
• Following industry volumes statistics provide overview for:– Average number of Images Received per Day–Number of RTs available to receive check images– Dollar value of check image transactions– Total of image-based transactions
Includes images and substitute checks derived from images
6
Avg # of Images Rec / Day#
Item
s in
Mill
ion
s
Source: Federal Reserve, Viewpointe, The Clearing House, selected ECCHO Full and Participating Members and other local / regional exchanges
56
.59
/ d
ay
Images O
nly
Dec-13
At year-end 2013:• 56.6 million Images/Day • Over 14 billion images
(annualized)
7
# of Receiving R/Ts#
of
Imag
e-A
vaila
ble
R/T
s
Image-A
vailable R
/Ts
24,774Image-Available
R/Ts
Source: Federal Reserve, Viewpointe, The Clearing House, selected ECCHO Full and Participating Members and other local / regional exchanges
Dec-13
8
Transaction $ Amounts$
in B
illio
ns
21
da
ys
in
De
ce
mb
er
to
tali
ng
$1
,66
0
Dec-2013 Annualized= $19.9 trillion
Source: Federal Reserve, Viewpointe, The Clearing House, selected ECCHO Full and Participating Members and other local / regional exchanges
Dec-13
9
# of Image Based Trans.#
Item
s in
Mill
ion
s
21
da
ys
in
De
ce
mb
er
tota
lin
g 1
,18
8
Substitute Checks
Images
Substitute Check volume has
decreased to volumes prior to
Jan-2005
Source: Federal Reserve, Viewpointe, The Clearing House, selected ECCHO Full and Participating Members and other local / regional exchanges
Dec-13
10National Check Payments Certification
Check Processing Definitions• Bundle– Subset of a cash letter usually containing about 200 – 400 checks
Dollar amount of bundle serves as a control totalListed on cash letter level control totals
• Capture: Process to read information from paper check– Virtual Capture: System “reads” (pulls information from) electronic
records
• Cash Letter– Group of checks sent by a bank or its agent(s) to another bank,
clearing house, or Federal Reserve office– Contains number of negotiable items
Accompanied by control information
• File– Collection of related data or program records
Stored on an input/output device or auxiliary storage medium
11National Check Payments Certification
Check Processing Definitions• Inclearing Items – Received for payment– Generally inbound items from clearing house or Fed
• On-Us Items – Drawn against accounts at your financial institution– Deposited to same bank where they are drawn
• Reject Repair – Items rejected during capture–May be due to misread MICR information– Correction of MICR data to allow recapture / processing
• Transit Items – Drawn against accounts at other financial institutions– Separated from on-us checks during processing– Sent for collection to Paying Bank via direct presentment or
through the Fed
12National Check Payments Certification
Check Processing Definitions
• Unit of Work – Individual or multiple transactions–Credits/debits to complete a balanced transaction–Based on specific bank products; could include:
Large corporate depositIndividual customer transaction from ATM or branchMultiple transactions from:
o Vault, lockbox or POD/branch work
–Cut-Off: Work may be cut off at:Volume limit (threshold); orTime of day schedule
13National Check Payments Certification
Cash Letter
CASH LETTER (CL) WITH TOTAL
Bundle 1Tape of Detail w/ bundle total showing
Bundle 2Tape of Detail w/ bundle total showing
Bundle 3Tape of Detail w/ bundle total showing
Example: For a physical cash letter
14National Check Payments Certification
Cash LetterExample: File with Three Cash Letters
FILE-1 - Cash Letter #1 - 3 Bundles - Forward Debit Item(s)- Cash Letter #2 - 1 Bundle - Forward Debit Item(s)- Cash Letter #3 - 2 Bundles - Forward Debit Item(s)
CASH LETTER #3 WITH TOTAL
Bundle 1
Bundle 2
CASH LETTER #2 WITH TOTAL
Bundle 1
CASH LETTER #1 WITH TOTAL
Bundle 1
Bundle 2
Bundle 3
FILE-1
Types of Image Exchange
16National Check Payments Certification
Image Cash Letter (ICL)
• Image Cash Letter (ICL)–Digital images of paper cash letter– Includes both MICR data record and check images–Transmitted from sending bank to receiving bank–Can be created for presentment of all eligible items
Items eligible for image exchange can include anything defined as a check under Reg CC and an item under UCC
May differ based on channel used and applicable rules–Single or multiple presentment point options are available
depending upon clearing channelsCorrespondent BankClearing HouseDirect PresentmentFederal Reserve Bank
17National Check Payments Certification
Image Cash Letter
SENDING BANK(BOFD)
RECEIVING BANK /PRESENTING BANK
CUSTOMER
IMAGECASH LETTER
DEPOSITCHECK
STORE CHECKS
Truncation: Stop processing of physical paper item(s) and forward electronic image(s) and MICR data
PAYING BANK
Image Cash Letter: Digital images of paper cash letter; includes both the MICR data record and the transmitted check images
Forward Collection
ICL
18National Check Payments Certification
Shared Archive
IMAGE
MICR Data RecordARCHIVE
IMAGEAccess
CUSTOMER SENDING BANK(BOFD)
PAYING BANK
Electronic Record: Governed by check law and created from entire MICR line on a check, suitable for posting to a customer’s account
Image exchange requires MICR data record to be sent along with (or preceding/following) the image of the physical item. BOFD may send directly to Paying Bank or to ARCHIVE provider which then sends to Paying Bank
Image Archive: Facility of the sending bank and/or the receiving bank, or of a third-party agent that stores images for and makes them available to the receiving bank and/or the sending bank
Remote Deposit: Capture of the paper items at a location other than the DFI’s check processing operations center including customer and/or branch locations
ScanOriginal Check
IMAGE
19
Federal Reserve
Private Sector RulesCover TheseExchanges
IMAG
E
Exchange co
vered
by
Reg J and OC 3
Settlement Bank
Other Banks Other Exchanges(i.e., Viewpointe,
Endpoint Exchange, SVPCO)IMAG
E
IMAGE
Exchange Network Member Banks
Local/Regional Exchange
Day 1 Processes
21National Check Payments Certification
Typical Item Processing Functions• Day 1– Receipt – File or Paper– Work Set-up / Proof & Encoding– Image Quality Analysis (IQA) and Code Line Match– Electronic (Virtual) Capture / Capture– Image Reject Repair– Duplicate Item Detection– Image Balancing– File Transmission / Dispatch– Image Archive / Bulk File– DDA Posting– Settlement and Reconciliation
• Day 2– Image Exceptions– Outgoing Returns– Incoming Returns– Research and Adjustments
22National Check Payments Certification
Check Collection Process
Corporate Payor
Clearing Banks /Correspondent
Paying Bank
FederalReserve
Bank of First Deposit(BOFD)
On-Us Items
Individual Payee
Merchant or
Corporate Payee
Individual Payor
or
“Day in the Life of a Check” Forward Collection
Image
Image
Image Image
Image Image
Image
23National Check Payments Certification
Receipt• Image Files Created/Transmitted to Centralized Back Office
Operation– Image ATM, Vault or Lockbox– Front counter/Branch image capture
Teller receives, scans, transmits customer deposits to centralized location– Back counter/Branch image capture
Teller receives customer deposit and sends to another station within branch to be scanned
– Image Deposit productsICL, RDC – Options to manage electronic file receipt and confirmation
process prior to “virtual capture” – Incoming transit cash letters (ICLs)
• Any physical/paper inclearing or transit cash letters– Handed off to Proof & Encoding or – Prepared directly for capture
24National Check Payments Certification
Work Setup / Proof & Encoding• Regional Image Capture– Replaces Proof and Encoding function
Ensure items are in proper order, right side up, etc.Encode amount and missing MICR informationMake corrections to transactions as needed to balance
– Remote Image Keying functionKey missing MICR information into electronic work flowDirect keying using image instead of physical item
• Proof & Encoding for remaining paper items– Prepare unencoded paper deposits received from:
Branches or internal bank departments for image capture process– Encode amount and missing MICR fields– Correct customer errors, as needed– Balance transactions
• Prepare for capture/sort process
25National Check Payments Certification
Image Quality Analysis (IQA)
• Image Quality Analysis (IQA)– Image processing function to interrogate electronic
items prior to virtual or electronic capture–Ensure all items adhere to the accepted quality
standards–Most systems utilize combination of systematic IQA
and manual staff reviewSystematic first level rejection of any itemsManual second level review of any itemsBased upon business rules parameters which are
configurable by each bank– Items that fail IQA
May be rejected, returned or adjusted
26National Check Payments Certification
IQA / Code Line Match
• Ensure item’s electronic data record (MICR information) matches visual representation of original check’s MICR line–As shown on image
• Business Rules Parameters– Image quality requirements
Too light, too darkSize of item, etc.
–Needed MICR information for itemsFull-field versus partial MICRSome image exchange rules allow partial MICR “by
agreement”
27National Check Payments Certification
Electronic / Virtual Capture• File Control – Verify X9 format, control totals, check for duplicate
file• Image Capture Functionality – Can set business rules for:– Special processing requirements – Assign virtual sort patterns (time of day, type of work, etc.)– Assign internal control documents– Full-field encoding requirements– Image quality parameters– Adjustment method– Indorsement to be applied (BOFD/Subsequent)– Automatic system alerts (i.e.: file does not fit profile)
• Paper Items: Capture/Sort– Read / capture MICR line data and sort items based on routing criteria
May indorse item backs with BOFD / subsequent indorsement– Microfilm or image capture fronts and backs of item
28National Check Payments Certification
Electronic / Virtual Capture
• System “Reads” Electronic Data Record–Capture of front and back of image–Appends data record with:
Processing sequence numberIndorsement (BOFD/Subsequent)
• Electronic Items “Virtually Sorted” by Destination–On-us items uploaded to bank’s posting
application and image archive (if appropriate)–Transit items included in outgoing Image Cash
Letter (ICL) based upon routing criteria
29National Check Payments Certification
Image Reject Repair
• Items missing required MICR information–Rejected from the virtual capture process–Queued for key entry process using image
Key entry missing or incorrect electronic data record (MICR) information
–Merge “repaired” data records back into electronic work flow–Segment items requiring additional investigation–Send to Exceptions & Returns
Usually researched and processed next day
30National Check Payments Certification
Duplicate Item Detection
• Follows data imaging and repair–Suspect duplicates presented on image review
screen–Operator reviews for decision–True duplicates result in exception item
May be returned or adjusted Depends on timing and other factors
31National Check Payments Certification
Image Balancing• Branch Capture Workflow– Balance individual transactions– Create correction entries as needed
• Image Deposit / Inclearing ICL workflow– Verify incoming customer-created X9 file
Check for duplicates and verify required information– Systems may electronically insert credit (“deposit ticket”)– Systems may automatically create adjustments directly back
to the customer for:Ineligible items enclosedPoor quality imageMissing image
– System can reject file prior to processing if:Incoming work out-of-balance at a file level
32National Check Payments Certification
File Transmission / Dispatch• Create outgoing ICL in standard format (X9.100-187)• Transmit outgoing image cash letters by endpoint– Image exchange system queries captured item information
Attach associated images and addenda recordsManage file transmission schedule by endpoint
• Software generally manages:– Image file creation– Valid X9 file format– Duplicate item / file detection and prevention– Verification control totals prior to transmission– ICL transmission and tracking– Dispatch according to schedules
Determined by agreement / Float Management scheduling• Transit Dispatch (Paper)– Ensure correct routing by captured MICR information
33National Check Payments Certification
Image Archive / Bulk File• Completion of Virtual Capture Process– Balancing, and posting processes– On-us items segmented by statement requirements by account
• No image process to replace bulk file– For statement rendering
On statement date, file becomes “pick list” into image archive• Bulk File – Paper– Filing and temporary retention system
Process occurs at end of day after capture, balancing and posting– May still be required for customers with special statement
requirementsIRD may need to be created for customer / statement type that requires
return of physical checks – Process: All captured on-us items resorted into appropriate cycles
associated with statement cutoff dates
34National Check Payments Certification
DDA Posting
• Posting to customer accounts–Part of end of day processing functions for
check processing area–Send all information about items processed
that day to DDA system to attempt posting to customer accountsDeposited creditsOn-us checks
35National Check Payments Certification
Settlement and Reconciliation
• Settlement – Facilitates the exchange of funds between banks for the value of cash letters sent and received– All credits must equal debits before processing can be
determined to be complete• Reconciliation – Focuses on control totals after posting– Primarily for internal accounts– Compares internal control totals for items captured to
credit and debit entries reflected in GL accounts• Float Management Reporting– Analyze trend data based on specific product requirement
36National Check Payments Certification
General Ledger Reconciling
• Reconciling cash letters in an electronic environment can be more complicated and critical than with paper– It is impossible to send two of the same paper cash
letters; not so with ICL–Multiple presentments and added clearing channels
make reconciling more complicated, as there could be:• More general ledgers to reconcile (added clearing channels)• More items to reconcile (multiple presentments)
Day 2 Processes
38National Check Payments Certification
Typical Item Processing Functions• Day 1– Receipt – File or Paper– Work Set-up / Proof & Encoding– Image Quality Analysis (IQA) and Code Line Match– Electronic (Virtual) Capture / Capture– Image Reject Repair– Duplicate Item Detection– Image Balancing– File Transmission / Dispatch– Image Archive / Bulk File– DDA Posting– Settlement and Reconciliation
• Day 2– Image Exceptions– Outgoing Returns– Incoming Returns– Research and Adjustments
39National Check Payments Certification
Check Collection Process
Returning Bank /Correspondent
Paying Bank
FederalReserve
Bank of First Deposit(BOFD) /
Reconverting Bank
On-Us Items
Individual Payee
Merchantor
Corporate Payee
“Day in the Life of a Check” Returns
ICLR
ICLR
ICLR
ICLR
ICLR
ICLRor
ICLRor
40National Check Payments Certification
Image Exceptions• Exceptions – Review and Resolution – Can systematically download items– Review on-us items rejected from previous day’s posting for:
Stop payments or non-sufficient fundsFraud review, selected signature verificationOther conditionsRepair missing or incorrect information
– Items to be paidAdd to workflow to be processed on today’s business
– Items to be returned: Return items to BOFD Add to a Return Image Cash Letter (ICLR) or create an IRDFor image records, add return reason code in X9 fileReturn records “Type 31” and “Type 35”
– All outgoing returns timing must follow UCC and Reg CC return deadlines• Physical Paper Exception Items– Sorted out from all other on-us items– Delivered to Exceptions area for manual review and resolution
41National Check Payments Certification
Outgoing Returns• Completes process started in Exceptions area for items decisioned
to “Return”– Reg CC requires Paying Bank to:
Identify return and Reason for return
• Route return file (ICLR or paper) to BOFD – Based on indorsement from forward item received; follow Return
Routing Hierarchy for images received– Look in X9 electronic records Type “26” or back of the item, or Type
“28” record(s)• Exceptions $2,500 or greater segregated for special handling– Based on Reg CC Notice of Nonpayment requirement
• Reg CC requires returns must get back to BOFD by 4:00 pm local time (of BOFD) 2nd business day after presentment– Same timing for Notice of Nonpayment
Return can serve as notice
42National Check Payments Certification
Incoming Returns
• Items matched to bank’s All Items File–Charged back to depositing customer or
represented Images of items to be charged back provided to
customerPrinted notice sent or IRD created
–Items to be represented are segregated and uploaded to today’s workflowCan eliminate need to re-process through Proof
and Encoding
43National Check Payments Certification
Statement Processing• General description of paper statement rendering process
– Physical checks identified, pulled, inserted in printed customer statement– Not as common in image world with:
Image statementsOnline statements and account management
• Process: Same as we described before. . . Items pulled from Bulk File– Sent to statement area for statement rendering– Statements made available / sent to customers
No image process to replace bulk fileFor statement rendering: Statement file becomes “pick list” into image archive
• Statement Types– Safe-keeping statement
Check number and dollar amount– Enclosure statements
Physical paper and other enclosures– Online statements– Image statement
Image of paid items
44National Check Payments Certification
Research and Adjustments
• Many adjustments reduced with image exchange– Information may be downloaded from Fed or other
exchange partners–Manually entered into system–System assigns cases and queues for operator
System obtains images, all items file information, addenda data, etc.
Presents to operator for reviewSystem generates letters to other institutions if neededSystem generates settlement entries
–Once research completedSystem generates cases to be uploaded to the Fed and
exchange partners
45National Check Payments Certification
Research and Adjustments
• Research request submitted and downloaded–Put in a processing queue for operator retrieval
• Photo copy requests: System automatically does image retrieval from image archive–Can submit direct to requestor if email address
providedExample: Request to determine how error occurred
and provide entry to reverse if issue is foundSystem emails or delivers information direct to
requestor
46National Check Payments Certification
Adjustments
• Additional information covered in other sessions in this series:–Common adjustment types–Fed OC 3 and Reg J provisions–ECCHO Rules provisions and Matrix
Image Returns / Return Reasons
48National Check Payments Certification
Outgoing Returns• Previously mentioned Reg CC Requirements– Timely delivery of all items decisioned to “Return”
• Reg CC also requires Paying Bank to:– Identify return; and – Reason for return
• Route Returns to BOFD – Based on indorsement from forward item received
Follow Return Routing Hierarchy for image returnso See ECCHO Rules
• Following examples – X9.100-187 standard records– Type 26 or Type 28 record(s) that are “flipped” for return
routingSee session on Standards and Formats to review various record types
49National Check Payments Certification
Reasons for Returns• Customer and Administrative Returns– Customer Returns
Dishonored item under check lawo Usually attempted charge to customer account
– Administrative Return/Administrative reasonReturn for reason other than dishonored item
o May be handled internally rather than charge to customero May be handled through adjustment process
If handled as return – must meet return timing
• How to tell which is which?– Identification of return type – Returns Indicator field
Carried in Cash Letter Header Record (Type 10)o If Returns Indicator equal to ‘R’ = Customer returno If Returns Indicator equal to ‘E’ = Administrative reason
50National Check Payments Certification
Return Reason Codes• Standard recognizes return reason codes may be used for both
Customer and Admin returns– Same code – Different purposes:
‘I’ return code for:o Customer return = Indorsement missingo Administrative return = Image missing
‘Q’ return code for:o Customer return = Not Authorized o Administrative return = Ineligible
– Same code – Same purpose:‘3’ for both
o Warranty Breach (includes Rule 8 & 9 claims) Unauthorized Remotely Created
• How to tell which is which?– Identification of return type - Returns Indicator field– Carried in Cash Letter Header Record (Type 10)
If Returns Indicator equal to ‘R’ = Customer returnIf Returns Indicator equal to ‘E’ = Administrative reason
51National Check Payments Certification
Reasons for Return
• Common Return Reason Codes–Customer Return Reasons
NSF – Not Sufficient Funds = ‘A’Stop Payment = ‘C’Closed Account = ‘D’Endorsement Missing = ‘I’Not Authorized = ‘Q’Warranty Breach = ‘3’
–Administrative ReasonsImage Missing = ‘I’Ineligible = ‘Q’Unusable Image = ‘U’Duplicate Presentment = ‘Y’
52National Check Payments Certification
Intermediary
25
26*
25
26 *
2828 **
Paying Bank
Bank of First Deposit
(BOFD)
Forward Presentment
Legend:• BOFD – Lt. Green*• Intermediary – Blue**• Paying Bank – Red
X9.100-187 Flows
53National Check Payments Certification
Paying Bank/ Returning Bank
Bank of First Deposit
(BOFD)
31/33
26 * 32
28** 35
X9.100-187 FlowsReturn
“26” becomes “32” record“28” becomes “35” recordLegend:
• BOFD – Lt. Green*• Intermediary – Blue**• Paying Bank/Returning Bank – Red
ReturnRecord/Return
Addendum B
54National Check Payments Certification
Paying Bank/ Returning Bank
Bank of First Deposit
(BOFD)
31/33
26 *32
28**
35
35
Legend:• BOFD – Lt. Green*• Intermediary - Blue**• Paying Bank/Returning Bank - Red
X9.100-187 Flows
New “35” record added
Note: Return Reason is in 31 & 35 records
ReturnRecord/Return
Addendum B
Return
55National Check Payments Certification
25
Representment
Paying Bank
Bank of First Deposit
(BOFD) / Representing Bank
26*32
28**
35
28***
35
Legend:• BOFD – Lt. Green*• BOFD / Representing Bank – Dark Green***• Intermediary - Blue**• Paying Bank/Returning Bank - Red
X9.100-187 Flows
“32” becomes “26” record“35” becomes “28” records
Check Detail Record
56National Check Payments Certification
25
26***
Paying Bank
Bank of First Deposit
(BOFD) / Representing Bank
26* 32
28** 35
28*** 35
X9.100-187 Flows
Legend:• BOFD – Lt. Green*• BOFD / Representing Bank – Dark Green***• Intermediary - Blue**• Paying Bank/Returning Bank - Red
“26” record added for Representing Bank
Check Detail Record
Representment
57National Check Payments Certification
Electronic Records
• Return Reason – Type 35 Record–Paying Bank adds return reason to its Type 35
RecordMatch Return Reason in Type 31 Record
• Other Institutions in return collection chain–When adding a Type 35 record, match return
reason from:Last Type 31 Record, orLast Type 35 record received
o Should be the same reason code
58National Check Payments Certification
Electronic Records
• Representment – Type 28 Record–Should only have return reason, if created (flipped)
from Type 35 Record that had return reason• Why is this critical to the collection process?–Without return reason, item may be flagged as
duplicate–Especially true for represented items and when
Intermediary Bank may be part of collection process and checking for duplicates–No knowledge item was previously presented and
returned
59National Check Payments Certification
Duplicates and Representment• Some intermediary banks do duplicate checking–May cause issues on represented items
• Previous examples illustrated “flipping” electronic indorsement records– Item presented;– Item returned;– Item represented with:
BOFD and Paying Bank only in those exampleso No Intermediary Collecting Bank
– Following slides will illustrate “flipping” of electronic indorsement records with Intermediary Collecting Bank for both:Return Processing; andRepresented items
60National Check Payments Certification
Intermediary Duplicate Checking Return Processing
Paying Bank/ Returning Bank
Bank of First Deposit
(BOFD)
31/33
Intermediary
31/33
2632
2835
35
35
Return Reason in 31 & 35 records
26 3228 35
“26” becomes “32” record“28” becomes “35” record
35
Return Reason in 31 & 35 records
New “35” record
Added by Paying Bank
New “35” record
Added by Intermediary
61National Check Payments Certification
Intermediary Duplicate Checking Representment Processing
25
Bank of First Deposit
(BOFD) / Representing Bank
28 35
Intermediary
Return Reason “35” Record
Return Reason “35” Record
26
“26” record added as Representing Bank
“32” becomes “26” record“35” becomes “28” records
26322835
2835
62National Check Payments Certification
Intermediary Duplicate Checking
• If Intermediary Banks does duplicate checking:–Proper use of return reason code in electronic
records may help prevent “false positives” on represented items
63National Check Payments Certification
Questions
??? ?? ?
64National Check Payments Certification
Recommended Resources
• Regulation CC (12 CFR – Part 229): http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=0ed75d38896a339d9b5189ceb4ebe8b9&node=12:3.0.1.1.10&rgn=div5
• Regulation J:(12 CFR – Part 210): http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=0ed75d38896a339d9b5189ceb4ebe8b9&node=12:2.0.1.1.11&rgn=div5
• Federal Reserve website: http://www.frbservices.org/regulations/operating_circulars.html
• ECCHO website: www.eccho.org/rules
• NCP P.R.E.P. Guide–Available to all exam candidates upon registration
Thank You!
Image Exchange: Processes
Electronic Check Clearing House Organization3710 Rawlins Street; Suite 1075
Dallas, Texas 75219
NOTICEThis NCPC Program document contains copyrighted materials of its publisher.
These program training materials may not be reproduced or published, in whole or in part, without the express permission of ECCHO.
Ellen Heffner, NCPDirector of Education