National Bibliography and web publications: initiatives of the IFLA Bibliography Section
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National Bibliography and web publications: initiatives of the IFLA Bibliography Section
Bohdana StoklasováMaja ŽumerBeacher Wiggins
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Authors• Bohdana Stoklasová (chair 2001-2005, new
chair Unni Knutsen)• Maja Žumer – chair of the Working group on
(electronic) national bibliography• Beacher Wiggins – new secretary + survey
on inclusion of electronic resources in national bibliographies
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IFLA Bibliography Section
Mission:[Strategic Plan 2004-2005]The Bibliography Section furthers universal bibliographic control (UBC) by promoting standards and best practices in the production, content, arrangement, dissemination and preservation of bibliographic information.
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IFLA Bibliography Section Mission:
In the context of UBC the Section is particularly concerned with the work of national bibliographic agencies. It is also concerned with the promotion of the importance of the discipline of bibliography to library professionals in all types of libraries, to publishers, distributors and retailers, and to end-users. While taking full account of technological capabilities, the Section will ensure that its solutions are not necessarily dependent on particular technologies.
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IFLA Bibliography Section
Cooperation:The Section is closely associated with the other sections within the Division of Bibliographic Control– Cataloguing– Classification and indexing– Knowledge ManagementWhere appropriate, it cooperates with otherdivisions and sections.
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IFLA Bibliography Section
More information:
http://www.ifla.org/VII/s12/index.htm
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IFLA Bibliography Section• program of the Section focused on subjects
important for the region of the IFLA congress
• Web resources – selection criteria, collection development, bibliographic control, archiving & preservation - extremely important for Europe: Berlin 2003, Oslo 2005
• other priorities for Latin America, Africa etc.
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Web resources: Berlin 2003
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More: Oslo 2005• program focused on electronic resources
and electronic bibliographies• survey
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Survey• exponential availability of Web and other
digital resources• critical need to address how national
bibliographic agencies were incorporating these resources into the national bibliography
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Survey - dissemination• Europe (IFLA in Oslo)• 44 national libraries and bibliographic
agencies (two institutions sharing responsibility for NB in some countries – Denmark, Poland, Russia)
• 33 institutions answered the survey
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Responding countriesAustria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom
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Subject areas covered• Legal deposit framework• Current archiving and legal deposit practice• Bibliographic description• Access to Web archive
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Legal deposit framework• legal deposit as foundation for NB• robust legal deposit activity• 30 countries have legislation requiring legal
deposit of some or all types of publications• 11 countries: remote electronic resources
included• 26 countries: fixed electronic resources
included• 21 coutries: plans to change the legal
deposit framework during the coming 5 years
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Current archiving and legal deposit practice• 18 agencies archive remote resources• 26 agencies archive fixed resources• 11 countries – shared responsibility for
archiving (libraries with academies, archives, government agencies, museums etc.)
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Types of archived remote electronic resources• 11 agencies: the entire national domain name space
(e.g. “.fi”, “,uk”)• 12 agencies: selected resources within national
domain name space• 9 agencies: resources published outside the national
domain space (e.g. “.com”, .”org”, “net”)• 7 agencies: only digital born resources• 7 agencies: only resources accessible without cost• 2 agencies: resources that have a fee to be accessed• 2 agencies: resources for restricted user groups• 13 agencies: experiments to test the archiving or
selecting of remote resources
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Tools for harvesting• Heritrix • Nedlib harvester• Wget and Httrack
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International Internet Preservation Consortium• 12 member institutions (more in 2006)• mission: to acquire, preserve and make
accessible Internet materials• goal: to encourage the development and
sharing of tools, methods and standards that support the building of international archives
• standards, tools, tests, recommendations
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Bibliographic descriptionA high percentage of electronic resources are given bibliographic description
• 26 agencies: bibliographic description for fixed resources
• 20 agencies for some or all remote resources
• 9 agencies share the responsibility for bibliographic description with another entity
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Metadata schemas• 11 agencies: DC• 6 agencies: MARC 21• 2 agencies: UNIMARC• [2 agencies: METS]
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Cataloguing toolsCataloguing tool Remote
electronic resources
Fixed electronic resources
AACR 8 10
ISBD 13 21
LC Rule Interpretations
2 2
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Identifiers• ISBN: 21 agencies• ISSN: 22 agencies• URL: 13 agencies• URN: 10 agencies
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Level of bibliographic description
• Fixed resources: mostly full level bibliographic description + authority control
• Remote resources: selection, often full level bibliographic records, only small percentage of authority control
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Capture of ER in NBFixed resources: 18 agencies
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Capture of ER in NBRemote resources: different types included in different countries:
• The entire national domain name space: 2• Topical web sites: 2• Web sites of government institutions: 2• Web sites of non-government institutions: 4• Weblogs (Blogs): 1• Monographs (except those mentioned below): 11• Research reports, dissertations and other academic
works: 10• Textbooks: 7• E-books: 12
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Capture of ER in NB• Serials (except those mentioned below): 12• E-journals: 13• Article archives: 4• Newspapers: 9• Newspaper archives: 2• Maps (including databases): 4• Music scores: 5• Sound recordings: 3• Motion pictures: 2• Games: 2• General learning objects and multimedia: 2• Databases (e.g., bibliographic, full text, numeric,
image, audio, mixed): 3• Chat groups, News groups, Ephemera: 0
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Selection criteria• Fixed resources: 17 agencies• Remoted resources: 10 agencies • Published criteria – URLs to be posted to
the Section’s Website
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Bib description of ER experiments
• use of a metadata generator• use of DC• use of descriptions in an article database to
access the full texts of the articles• use the newly created LC access level
record for creating catalogue records
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Access to Web archive• legislation concerning the rights of users to
access and use electronic resources: 14 countries
• access to the Web archive: 10 agencies (mostly local access)
• digital repository for the archiving of ER: 16 agencies
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Survey conclusion • national bibliographic agencies are seeking ways to
provide bibliographic description based on using and capturing existing metadata
• bibliographic description will be accomplished using alternatives to the full level catalog records that are used for analog and print resources
• revising legal deposit legislation will be crucial to the inclusion of Internet resources to the collections of national libraries
• most European libraries are planning such revision of legal deposit legislation
• national bibliographies are moving towards more extensive inclusion of electronic resources – both remote and fixed
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Survey conclusion• experimentation is under way to improve the capture,
preservation, and provision of access to Web resources by national bibliographic agencies
• best practices and emerging standards will result from the various experimentation
• the IIPC will play an influential role in Web harvesting, archiving and access
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What about national bibliography in this context?NB [only] 50 years ago and today• different context• different documents• different users• need for different solutions• need for new guidelines• WG on (electronic) national bibliography
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50 years ago»The ideal [current national] bibliography is conceived as a complete listing of all books, documents, pamphlets, serials, and other printed matter published within the bounds of a single country and within the time limits of the previous year or less« (Conover, 1955).
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TodayNational bibliography in the modern sense of the word is defined as a cumullation of the authoritative and comprehensive records of the national imprint (i.e., products of the national publishing industry) of a country, published regularly, and with the least possible delay. It is produced in accordance with international standards by the national bibliographic agency. Publication details and authorship are investigated and verified in detail.
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What does it really mean?• How is the national imprint (or, production
of national publishing industry) defined?• What are its borders (geographically,
conceptually)?• Which standards should be followed?• What is the appropriate delay in publication
of national bibliographies?• Which format of the national bibliography is
the most appropriate?
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What are NB used for now?• Selection and acquisition in libraries and
similar institutions• Cataloguing • Verification of authorship and publication
history• Statistical account of a country’s publishing
output• Evidence of the impact of government
policies in relation to education, language, economic programs, etc.
• To reveal the extent of a country’s self sufficiency in producing the publications it requires
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WG on (electronic) national bibliography• Goal: To develop guidelines for national
bibliographies in electronic form (ENB)– develop selection principles that will
cover electronic resources– prepare recommendations for ENB
functionality– define access points– prepare guidelines for the interface
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Competition on the information market• there is an overlap (and competition) with
other products and services:– books-in-print – national union catalogues – catalogues of big university/research
libraries– Google, Amazon, Yahoo…
• the national bibliography should provide something other products and services do not or cannot
• the added value of NB has to be advertised
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Users of NB
• good evidence and understanding of use in libraries
• some investigation into other users in some countries
• broader studies on both current and potential users are needed
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Present and potential users• librarians• end-users• book trade• agencies• rights management organisations• others
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Librarians• cataloguers
– copy cataloguing– cataloguing support (bibliographic and authority
records)• acquisition librarians
– ordering publications– identifying publishers, distributors, publication status
• collection development– analysis and selection– awareness of future publications
• reference librarians– acting on behalf of end-users
• legal deposit management– analysis and control of legal deposit
• preservation– to determine trends in publishing and plan preservation
procedures
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End-usersVery heterogeneous• library patrons• remote users• formal or informal groups• corporate bodies
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Book trade• publishers:
commercial and non-commercial sector, also government and official publishers use national bibliographies to analyze the market and competition
• booksellerssimilar to collection development and acquisition librarians. In addition they may perform the function of a reference librarian and possibly even refer customers to libraries (or Google, Yahoo…?) for out-of-print publications
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Agencies• funding bodies: to study the impact of
existing funding or to plan future funding policies
• official statistics for statistical account of all aspects of country’s publishing output
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Rights management• collecting societies: high-quality authority
control and authoritative data on authorship - national bibliography data can be (and is) used to support management of intellectual rights
• government bodies: for management of lending right remuneration
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Others• printers identifying publishers to offer
cooperation• journalists to identify language/genre/origin
patterns in publications• organizers of book fairs• identification of translators from/to specific
language• identification of illustrators
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Information needs and contexts• cataloguing• re-use of records• collection development• acquisition and booksellers• publisher analysis• analysis of publishing sector• rights management• computer software
– federated/distributed searching– harvesting
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Analysis• searching requirements
– types of searching– necessary access points
• data needed– extent of record– format
• additional expectations
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Next steps• analysis of existing selection
principles• recommendations on selection
principles• specification of functionality of ENB• guidelines for the interface• interoperability with other
environments and systems– conceptual– technical
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The future?• challenge for the Bibliography Section• challenge for the IFLA WG on (electronic)
national bibliography• challenge for you• challenge to influence the picture of the
future
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