Naresh Report

7/24/2019 Naresh Report

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A

Seminar report

On

CNC Machine

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

degree Of Mechanical


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CONTENTS

Sr No Name of the Chapter

1. INTROD!TION

". M#ANIN$ O% !N!

&. S# O% T'(I!A) !N! MA!*IN#

+. (ARTS O% !N! MA!*IN#

,. !N! MA!*IN# - IN(T (RO!#SS OT(T

/. !ONTO) (AN#) O% !N!

0. !N! ROT#R - T*# IM(ORTANT (ARTS

. !N! MA!*IN# AND SA%#T'

2. S#TTIN$ ( T*# !TTIN$ TOO) TO T*# !ORR#!T )#N$T*

13.AD4ANTA$#S AND DISAD4ANTA$#S O% !N! MA!*IN#S

11."D !OM(T#R AID#D D#SI$N AND MAN%A!TR#

1".&D !OM(T#R AID#D D#SI$N AND MAN%A!TR#

1&.INDSTRIA) (ROD!TION %)O5!*ART

1+.R#%#R#N!#


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INTRODUCTION

In Indu6tr7 it i6 not efficient or profitable to ma8e e9er7da7 product6 b7 hand. On a

!N! machine it i6 po66ible to ma8e hundred6 or e9en thou6and6 of the 6ame item6 in a

da7. %ir6t a de6ign i6 drawn u6ing de6ign 6oftware and then it i6 proce66ed b7 the

computer and manufactured u6ing the !N! machine. Thi6 i6 a 6mall !N! machine and

can be u6ed to machine wood6 pla6tic6 and aluminum. In indu6tr7 !N! machine6 can be

e:tremel7 large.


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MEANING OF CNC

!N! mean6 !omputer Numerical !ontrol. Thi6 mean6 a computer con9ert6 the

de6ign into numberwhich the computer u6e6 to contro!the cutting and 6haping of thematerial.

USE OF T"#ICA$ CNC MAC%INE

1. The de6ign i6 loaded into the computer which i6 attached to the !N! machine. The

computer change6 the de6ign into a 6pecial code ;numerical< that control6 the wa7 the

!N! cut6 and 6hape6 the material.

". The material to be 6haped i6 taped on to a bloc8 with double 6ided tape. Thi6

mu6t be done carefull7 6o that it doe6 not come off the bloc8 during machining.

&. The bloc8 i6 then placed in the 9ice in6ide the !N!. It mu6t be tightened up

carefull7. If it i6 not 6ecure when the machine 6tart6 to cut the material it can come

awa7 from the 9ice. 5hen the machine 6tart6 wor8ing the 9ice mo9e6 up down

right and left according to the de6ign.


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+. The guard i6 placed in po6ition. It protect6 the machine operator in ca6e the material i6

pulled out of the 9ice b7 the power of the cutter. %or 6afet7 rea6on6 if the guard i6 not

in po6ition the motor will not 6tart.

,. The !N! i6 turned on and the 6hape i6 cut from the material. 5hen the cutter

ha6 6topped the 6haped material can be remo9ed from the 9ice.


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#ARTS OF CNC MAC%INE

&ICE: Thi6 hold6 the material to be cut or 6haped. Material mu6t be held 6ecurel7

otherwi6e it ma7 =fl7= out of the 9ice when the !N! begin6 to machine. Normall7 the

9ice will be li8e a clamp that hold6 the material in the correct po6ition.

GUARD:The guard protect6 the per6on u6ing the !N!. 5hen the !N! i6 machiningthe material 6mall piece6 can be =6hoot= off the material at high 6peed. Thi6 could be

dangerou6 if a piece hit the per6on operating the machine. The guard completel7

enclo6e6 the dangerou6 area6 of the !N!.

C%UC'( Thi6 hold6 the material that i6 to be 6haped. The material mu6t be placed in it

9er7 carefull7 6o that when the !N! i6 wor8ing the material i6 not thrown out at high

6peed.

MOTOR: The motor i6 enclo6ed in6ide the machine. Thi6 i6 the part that rotate6 the

chuc8 at high 6peed.


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$AT%E )ED:The ba6e of the machine. 6uall7 a !N! i6 bolted down 6o

that it cannot mo9e through the 9ibration of the machine when it i6 wor8ing.

CUTTING TOO$:Thi6 i6 u6uall7 made from high qualit7 6teel and it i6the part that

actuall7 cut6 the material to be 6haped.


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CNC MAC%INE * IN#UT+ #ROCESS+ OUT#UT

A !N! production facilit7 need6 three piece6 of equipment>

A Computer(

The computer i6 u6ed to draw the de6ign. *owe9er the de6ign i6 onl7 a picture and the

!N! machine cannot u6e thi6 to manufacture the product. The computer 6oftware mu6t

al6o con9ert the drawing into number6 ;coordinate6< that the !N! machine can u6e

when it 6tart6 to cut and 6hape the material.

An Interface(

A computer cannot be directl7 connected to a !N! machine. The computer i6 connected

to an interface. Thi6 con9ert6 the 6ignal6 from the computer to a form that the !N!

machine under6tand6. The 6ignal6 are in the form of digital 6ignal6 when the7 are 6ent to

the !N! machine.

CNC ,Computer Numerica! Contro!- Machine(

The 6ignal6 from the interface control the motor6 on the !N! machine. The 6ignal6

determine the wa7 the 9ice mo9e6. The 9ice mo9e6 in three direction6 ? ' and @.

;*oriontall7 9erticall7 and depth


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CONTRO$ #ANE$ OF CNC

A !N! machine i6 normall7 controlled b7 a computer and 6oftware. *owe9er mo6t

!N! machine6 ha9e a range of control6 for manual u6e. It i6 rare for a !N! machine to

be u6ed manuall7 a6 6imple operation6 are be6t carried out on cheapBba6icBmanual

machine6. 5hen a !N! machine i6 u6ed manuall7 it i6 been u6ed well below it6

capabilit7 and 6pecification.

RESET )UTTON> The mo6t important control button i6 u6uall7 the re6et button.

5hen the !N! machine i6 turned on the re6et button i6 pre66ed b7 the machine

operator. Thi6 Cero6 the cutter mo9ing the cutter to coordinate6 3 3 3 on the ? And

@ a:i6. In 6imple term6 the re6et button mo9e6 the cutter to the corner of the machine

abo9e the wor8 table. If the re6et button i6 not pre66ed it i6 po66ible that the !N!


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machine will 6tart cutting the material in the wrong place or e9en mi66 cutting the

material and plunge into the wor8 table.

MANUA$ CONTRO$> The cutter can be controlled manuall7 althoughthi6 i6 rarel7

needed. The C? and C' button6 control the mo9ement of the cutter along the

horiontal 6urface6. The C@ button6 control depth and up B down mo9ement.

STO# )UTTON> Mo6t control panel6 ha9e 6top button6. 5hen pre66ed the6e 6top

the machine 9er7 quic8l7.

S#EED AND FEED> On 6ome !N! machine6 it i6 po66ible to manuall79ar7 the 6peed

and feed of the cutter.


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CNC ROUTER * T%E IM#ORTANT #ARTS

CNC MAC%INES AND SAFET"

!N! machine6 are 9er7 6afe to u6e a6 the7 are de6igned to be a6 6afe a6 po66ible.


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One of the main ad9antage6 of !N! machine6 i6 that the7 are much 6afer than

manuall7 operated machine6.

1.Mo6t modern !N! machine6 are de6igned 6o that the cutting tool will not 6tart unle66

the guard i6 in po6ition. Al6o the be6t !N! machine6 automaticall7 loc8 the guard in

po6ition whil6t the cutter i6 6haping material. The guard can onl7 be opened if the cutter

ha6 6topped.

".It i6 e66ential that pupil6 B 6tudent6 B machine operator6 recei9e Cqualit7 in6truction

before attempting to u6e an7 !N! equipment.

&.!N! router6 u6ed for 6haping material6 6uch a6 wood6 and pla6tic6 ha9e built ine:traction. Du6t can be 9er7 dangerou6 if inhaled and can al6o cau6e e7e irritation. The

!N! Router 6hown abo9e ha6 an outlet for an e:traction unit. A6 the router i6 full7

enclo6ed du6t cannot e6cape into the atmo6phere. If an e:traction unit i6 attached the

du6t i6 remo9ed automaticall7. Mo6t manuall7 operated machine router6 ha9e 9er7


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limited e:traction 676tem6 which lea9e 6ome du6t in the air.

+.The !N! router abo9e ha6 a 6ingle pha6e electrical 6uppl7. Older machine6 6uch a6

manuall7 operated milling machine6 and centre lathe6 ha9e three pha6e 6upplie6. A 6ingle

pha6e electrical 6uppl7 can be Cplugged into an7 a9ailable 6oc8et. The electrical 6uppl7

for the machine come6 through a re6idual circuit brea8er ;R!E


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CORRECT $ENGT%

One of the few operation6 that the machine operator carrie6 out i6 to change the

cutting tool. #ach !N! machine ha6 a range of cutting tool6. Straight cutter6 chamfer 4-

groo9e and radiu6 cutter6 are 6ome e:ample6. If a detailed de6ign i6 being manufactured

it ma7 be nece66ar7 to change the cutting tool at lea6t once during the manufacturing

proce66. It i6 9er7 important that all the cutter6 are 6et up to e:actl7 to the 6ame length in

the cullet. If thi6 i6 not done the material being machined will be machined at incorrect

depth6.

A 6pecial depth gauge i6 u6ed to accuratel7 6et up the cutting tool6. ;See diagram below


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AD&ANTAGES AND DISAD&ANTAGES

OF CNC MAC%INES

!N! ;!omputer Numerical !ontrol machine6< are widel7 u6ed in manufacturing

indu6tr7. Traditional machine6 6uch a6 9ertical miller6 centre lathe6 6haping machine6

router6 etc. operated b7 a trained engineer ha9e in man7 ca6e6 been replaced b7

computer control machine6.

AD&ANTAGES

1. !N! machine6 can be u6ed continuou6l7 "+ hour6 a da7 &/, da76 a 7ear and onl7

need to be 6witched off for occa6ional maintenance.

". !N! machine6 are programmed with a de6ign which can then be manufactured

hundred6 or e9en thou6and6 of time6. #ach manufactured product will be e:actl7

the 6ame.

&. )e66 68illedBtrained people can operate !N!6 unli8e manual lathe6 B milling machine6

etc... 5hich need 68illed engineer6F

+. !N! machine6 can be updated b7 impro9ing the 6oftware u6ed to dri9e the

machine6

,. Training in the u6e of !N!6 i6 a9ailable through the u6e of C9irtual 6oftware. Thi6 i6

6oftware that allow6 the operator to practice u6ing the !N! machine on the 6creen of a

computer. The 6oftware i6 6imilar to a computer game.

/. !N! machine6 can be programmed b7 ad9anced de6ign 6oftware 6uch a6

(roBD#SGTO(H enabling the manufacture of product6 that cannot be made b7 manual

machine6 e9en tho6e u6ed b7 68illed de6igner6 B engineer6.

0. Modern de6ign 6oftware allow6 the de6igner to 6imulate the manufacture of hi6Bher


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idea. There i6 no need to ma8e a protot7pe or a model. Thi6 6a9e6 time and mone7.

. One per6on can 6uper9i6e man7 !N! machine6 a6 once the7 are programmed

the7 can u6uall7 be left to wor8 b7 them6el9e6. Sometime6 onl7 the cutting tool6

need replacing occa6ionall7.

DISAD&ANTAGES

1. !N! machine6 are more e:pen6i9e than manuall7 operated machine6 although

co6t6 are 6lowl7 coming down.

". The !N! machine operator onl7 need6 ba6ic training and 68ill6 enough to 6uper9i6e

6e9eral machine6. In 7ear6 gone b7 engineer6 needed 7ear6 of training to operate centre

lathe6 milling machine6 and other manuall7 operated machine6. Thi6 mean6 man7 of the

old 68ill6 are been lo6t.

&. )e66 wor8er6 are required to operate !N! machine6 compared to manuall7

operated machine6. In9e6tment in !N! machine6 can lead to unemplo7ment.

+. Man7 countrie6 no longer teach pupil6 B 6tudent6 how to u6e manuall7 operated lathe6 B

milling machine6 etc... (upil6 B 6tudent6 no longer de9elop the detailed 68ill6 required b7

engineer6 of the pa6t. The6e include mathematical and engineer

68ill6.


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/D COM#UTER AIDED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE

There are two t7pe6 of computer aided de6ign 6oftware. "D de6ign 6oftware allow6 thede6igner to de6ign 6hape6 with 9er7 limited three dimen6ional propertie6. Do not

undere6timate the de6ign6 that can be achie9ed through "D 6oftware

1. The de6ign i6 drawn u6ing 6oftware 6uch a6 Tec Soft "D De6ign. At fir6t

appearance thi6 6oftware loo86 ba6ic but depending on the 68ill of the de6igner quite

comple: de6ign6 can be produced.

The e:ample 6hown i6 a 6imple bloc8 of material with initial6. .

". 5hen the de6ign i6 complete the drawing i6 proce66ed. Thi6 con9ert6 the drawing

into a detailed 6erie6 of ? ' and @ coordinate6. (roce66ing mu6t ta8e place before

the !N! machine can cut the de6ign from material.

5hen the !N! machine 6hape6 the material the cutter follow6 the

coordinate6 in 6equence until the 6hape ha6 been manufactured.


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&. Mo6t !ADB!AM 6oftware allow6 the de6igner to te6t the manufacture of

hi6Bher de6ign on a computer rather than actuall7 ma8ing it. Thi6 6a9e6 time and

material6. Te6ting de6ign6 i6 carried out u6ing C6imulation 6oftware. 5hen the

de6ign i6 run through 6imulation 6oftware the computer di6pla76 the

manufacturing on the 6creen. It al6o chec86 whether or not the de6ign can be

manufactured 6ucce66full7. Man7 de6ign6 ha9e to be altered before the7 can be

made b7 a !N! machine

+. After all the te6ting and impro9ement6 to the de6ign it can finall7 be manufactured on

a !N! machine.


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0D COM#UTER AIDED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE

&D De6ign 6oftware allow6 the de6igner to produce three dimen6ional repre6entation6

of hi6Bher idea6. 5hen completed the de6ign can be 9iewed on the 6creen and it can e9en

be re9ol9ed and e:amined at an7 angle. &D 6oftware i6 much more comple: than "D

6oftware 6uch a6 Tec Soft "D de6ign. It require6 6peciali6t training before it can be u6ed

competentl7.

1. The de6igner draw6 up the de6ign u6ing 6oftware. The de6ign can be e:amined in

detailed and if modification6Balteration6 are needed the7 can be made on the

6creen. Software of thi6 t7pe allow6 the de6igner to model hi6Bher idea on the

6creen rather than ma8eBmanufacture an e:pen6i9e model. $ood &D 6oftware

allow6 the de6igner to de6ign almo6t an7 item.


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". The de6ign i6 proce66ed. 5hen the de6ign ha6 been completed u6ing 6oftware it

mu6t be e:ported a6 a 6tereo lithograph7 file. Thi6 t7pe of file can be imported

into proce66ing 6oftware which con9ert6 the drawing into a long li6t ofcoordinate6. #ach 6et of coordinate6 i6 called a $ code M code.

&. Mo6t !ADB!AM 6oftware allow6 the de6igner to te6t the manufacture of

hi6Bher de6ign on a computer rather than actuall7 ma8ing it. Thi6 6a9e6 time and

material6. Te6ting de6ign6 i6 carried out u6ing C6imulation 6oftware. 5hen thede6ign i6 run through 6imulation 6oftware the computer di6pla76 the

manufacturing on the 6creen. It al6o chec86 whether or not the de6ign can be

manufactured 6ucce66full7. Man7 de6ign6 ha9e to be altered before the7 can be

made b7 a !N! machine.


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+. An ad9anced !N! machine can be u6ed to manufacture the three dimen6ional

product. Thi6 !N! i6 both fa6t and accurate ma8ing 6uitable for 6chool and indu6trial

u6e.


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Conc!uion

J !nc mean computer numerical control machine it6 a form of programmable

automation drill drawing6 on wood u6e g coding con6i6t of & motor6 and their dri9er6

and pic with it6 ba6ic circuit and bod7 made of wood hold on motor6 and drill and the

wood we want to draw on it

J 5e tried to ma8e cheap fa6t 6afet7 cnc machine that drill on wood piece according to

an7 drawing we draw to it.

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