Nanotechnology lecture1

Nanotechnology

Prof. Ninad Mehendale

2017

Prof. Ninad Mehendale Nanotechnology 2017 1 / 69

Nanotechnology


What is Nano?


What is Nano?

often Nano refers to- Extremely smallIt is the one billionth part of meter. (10−9)


What is Nanotechnology?

Nanotechnology can be defined as engineering at a very small scale


What is a mistake here?


Everything in terms on Nanometers


Fundamental Science Behind Nanotechnology


What we are going to learn today


What is electron?


What is electron?

The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electriccharge.


Mass of electron

Mass of electron is 9.10938291X10−31kg


Mass of electron

Mass of electron is 9.10938291X10−31kg

In 1897, the mass-to-charge ratio of the electron was first measured by J.J. Thomson. By doing this, he showed that the electron was in fact a

particle with a mass and a charge.


Size of electron


Size of electron

Where e and me are the electric charge and the mass of the electron,C is the speed of light, and ε0 is the permittivity of free space.


Last bench wake up


What is ATOM ?


Definition of ATOM

The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleussurrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The atomic nucleuscontains a mix of positively charged protons and electrically neutralneutrons


Definition of ATOM


ATOM mass range

Mass range: 1.67 X 10−27 to 4.52 X 10−25 kg


ATOM size


What is ATOM bomb


What is Bomb

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive forcefrom nuclear reactions, either fission or a combination of fission and fusion.Both reactions release vast quantities of energy from relatively smallamounts of matter. The first fission ("atomic") bomb test released thesame amount of energy as approximately 20,000 tons of TNT. The firstthermonuclear ("hydrogen") bomb test released the same amount ofenergy as approximately 10,000,000 tons of TNT.TNT (trinitrotoluene(try-night-row-TALL-you-een))


Nuclear reaction

A nuclear reaction is semantically considered to be the process in whichtwo nuclei, or else a nucleus of an atom and a subatomic particle (such asa proton, neutron, or high energy electron) from outside the atom, collideto produce one or more nuclides that are different from the nuclide(s) thatbegan the process


Nuclear fission

Nuclear fission is either a nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of a particlesplits into smaller parts. (e.g. Uranium)


Nuclear fusion

Nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nucleicollide at a very high speed and join to form a new type of atomic nucleus.During this process, matter is not conserved because some of the mass ofthe fusing nuclei is converted to photons (energy).


What is ION


What is ION

An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is notequal to the total number of protons, giving the atom a net positive ornegative electrical charge.


What is molecule?


What is molecule?

A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms heldtogether by chemical bonds.


What is molecular recognition?

The term molecular recognition refers to the specific interaction betweentwo or more molecules through noncovalent bonding such as hydrogenbonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces,π − π interactions, halogen bonding, electrostatic and/or electromagneticeffects. In addition to these direct interactions as well solvent can play adominant indirect role in driving molecular recognition in solution


Boring


Break


Can we go out???


Should I come back?


Break over


Covalent bond


Covalent bond

A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electronpairs between atoms.


Non covalent bond

Sodium fluoride involves the attraction of the positive charge on sodium(Na+) with the negative charge on fluoride (F-).


Non covalent bond

A non-covalent interaction differs from a covalent bond in that it does notinvolve the sharing of electrons, but rather involves more dispersedvariations of electromagnetic interactions between molecules or within amolecule.


Metal complex

A coordination complex or metal complex, consists of an atom or ion(usually metallic), and a surrounding array of bound molecules or anions,that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.


Hydrophobic effect

The hydrophobic effect is the observed tendency of nonpolar substances toaggregate in aqueous solution and exclude water molecules.


Van der Waals force

A weak attractive force between atoms or nonpolar molecules caused by atemporary change in dipole moment arising from a brief shift of orbitalelectrons to one side of one atom or molecule, creating a similar shift inadjacent atoms or molecules.


Pi stacking


Pi stacking

pi stacking (also called π − π stacking) refers to attractive, noncovalentinteractions between aromatic rings.


Hydrogen bond

A hydrogen bond is the electromagnetic attractive interaction betweenpolar molecules, in which hydrogen (H) is bound to a highly electronegativeatom.


What is metal?


What is metal?

A metal is a solid material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typicallyhard, opaque, shiny, and features good electrical and thermal conductivity.


Can you see any nanotechnology?


Nanotechnology applications


Nanotechnology


Guess what is going on?


Nanotechnology lecture1

Education

Transcript of Nanotechnology lecture1