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Introduction

Psychologist is a field that dealing with human mental behaviour and also their attitude

toward environment. They study by observing, interpreting, and recording all the behaviour

of human. So, their job mainly about the human. They are same as other science filed but

differ in their subject of study. We must not look down on their capability as a part of

important field in our daily life as they help to increase understanding between individuals,

groups, organizations, institutions, nations, and cultures. As we know, human cannot live

without interact and communicate with others people and environment.

Psychologist have their ways in study and doing research and their ways are through

controlled laboratory experiments, hypnosis, biofeedback, psychoanalysis, or psychotherapy,

or by administering personality, performance, aptitude, intelligence tests and others.

We will focus in industrial and organizational as a part of psychology's field. This type of

psychologist will applying psychological principles and research methods to the workplace in

the interest of improving the quality of work environment. They also responsible in training

program, motivational session and others mental building program with employee. Industrial

and organizational psychologist also responsible management and marketing screening. They

build a strong hold in a company or organization as their method in management will affect

the company itself. Without proper management the company will collapse thus it will

bankrupt in a short period. They will also doing research and formulate work setting in orderto enhance productivity in a company.

Read names in industrial and organizational psychologist and summarize they did in

the field.

One of the names in industrial and organizational psychology field is George Elton John

Mayo. He was an Australian psychologist. He works as a lecturer in University of

Pennsylvania for 12 year and Harvard Business School for 21 years.

Elton Mayo is famous for his Human Relations Movements study and his research

Hawthorne Studies. He is famous for his book, The Human Problems of an Industrialized

Civilization in 1933. Human Relation Movement is a study of behaviours of human in group

that more specified in workplaces. In is related to the Hawthorne studies on the effect of

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social relations, motivation and employee satisfaction on workplace productivity. This

research was conducted on early 1930s showed the important of group in affecting the

individual performances of working. In Human Relations Movement he said that Natural

groups, in which social aspects more important than functional organizational structures, the

communications of leader and the workers, and good leadership in an organizational will

ensure the effectiveness of decision making. He also suggests the important of teaching the

interpersonal skill or soft skill to employees. In working employees need to be active in

communicate with others. So, to increase the effectiveness of communication, employees

must be able to communicate and convey information, to be able to judge others emotion

reaction, to know others feeling and able to solve conflict with arrive of good resolutions.

This shows that how important to train employees how to improve their soft skill. In Human

Relation Movements study he carries out a lot of investigation to find ways to improve work

productivity. He considers many factors and one of it is the light intensity at a workplace.

Increased lighting resulted in increased efficiency, but to their surprise, efficiency continued

to improve as the lighting dimmed to faint moonlight levels. He found that the physical

conditions or financial factors do not affect on the workers motivational value. He makes a

conclusion that the performance of workers is affected by the social issues and job content.

Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt was known as German doctor, psychologist, philosophy,

professor and also physiologist. This great name was born at Neckarau, Baden and was a

fourth child in his family. After graduating from university he become an assistant to

psychologist and physiologist, Hermann von Helmholtz and wrote a journal about

Contribution to the Theory of Sense Perception in 1858. At his time of teaching he offered

the first ever courses about scientific psychology that stressed the uses of scientific method

with relation to the study of humans mind or psychology. He brought the new era in

psychology field where he suggested that psychology not just a theory but come up with the

scientific prove by experiment. In University of Leipzig, he was founded a formal

psychology laboratories in 1879 and this was the first ever psychology laboratories. His

laboratories enable the psychologists to study the religious belief in human daily life, and

others research on brain behaviour. This step has brought forward the psychology field as a

separate science from other topics. After his promotion as Assistant Professor of Physiology

at Heidelberg in 1864, he began his interest in physiological psychology. His writing was

Principles of Physiology Psychology in 1874 become the most important journal in history of

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compiles his articles become a critics and reported negative. He takes a dare action by

publishing Principles without approval by experts.

Why are there no names in Industrial and organizational Psychologist in your country.

There are a lot of reasons why in Malaysia there are lack of organizational and industrial

psychologist. In my opinion to be a psychologist is not simple as eating peanut but required a

lot of effort and knowledge. The course also one of the problems and this is one of info that I

retrieve from http://www.utexas.edu/student/cec/gradschool/mentalhealth/psychology.html,

University of Texas at 29 December 2009 stated that:

M.A. /M.S.

A master's degree in psychology usually takes two years to earn and requires a written

thesis and semester-long internship. Licensure varies by state, but in Texas, a person with a

master's degree in psychology can become licensed as a psychological associate or a licensed

specialist in school psychology (see licensing section). A psychological associate can work in

a private practice or other setting under the supervision of a psychologist. Those with a

master's degree can also teach in a community college.

Ph.D.

A Ph.D. program in clinical psychology typically takes about five to six years to complete

and includes experimental research, a dissertation, and a year of internship. The internship is

a year of full-time work in a psychological setting and usually requires a separate application

and a move to a new location. After the internship, those who earn a Ph.D. can become

licensed as a psychologist (see licensing section) and work in clinics, hospitals, private

practices, community agencies, corporations, or schools. Psychologists can also teach in

universities and colleges.

This shows that it not easy to acquire the title of psychologist and to be expert and well

paid by company the graduated students need at least to have master degree or Ph.D.

There are also problems in training program and facilitates. Lack of training and facilitates

laid to inexpert psychologist produced. Non-quality psychologist is difficult to work and if

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they are working they may be facing a lot of problems as they are not well prepared to face

certain problems.

In Malaysia also especially for small or medium company they feel that it not necessary to

have industrial and organizational psychologists as their management structure only involvedsmall community. They also think that they can save the management cost without

psychologist. If no psychologist around they will face problems with work place screening

and also employee performance achievement. They have to realised that their company can

go further if their management and development of company formulated by expert

psychologist.

What would you do if you are the industrial and organizational psychologist in an

industry in your country.

If I was to be offered a job in industrial and organizational psychology field, I would like

to work as Industrial-Organizational Psychologists and I would like to be specified in

business in positions dealing with worker productivity. I have made an observation of the

salary and shock with the earnest of a psychologist in a month. Starting salary for Masters

graduate is 38,750 dollar per month and the highest earner is 250,000 dollar for senior

Industrial and Organizational Psychologist. That is large number of money and I told to

myself that how I going to spend it. My job is to analyze data, using scientific method such as

observation and statistical method in order to determine the ways and methods for workers to

increase their effectiveness. My job as psychologist not limited in talking and motivated the

workers although it also a part in my job but also as a scientist to evaluate the behaviour and

attitude of workers in work place. Although it may not deal with machinery, I deal with the

instructor of the machinery. The instructor or workers also giving a lot of influence in

productivity of the factory. By increasing of their effectiveness in working I am also helping

the factory to increase their productivity and thus increase their monthly profit.

I also must conduct a research studies of working environment, the company

organizational, workers soft skill, group interaction, morale and not forget the motivation in

an organizational. After finding the right formula to assess organizational functioning, I have

to implement selection and placement programs. This shows my work is same as scientist but

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it slightly differ as I have to concentrate on human behaviour and their feeling or inner parts.

In order to increase effectiveness of workers I also have to develop training programs to

expertise the workers, applying principles of learning and individual differences. I have to

determine the needed of training program for each workers as in huge factory there a lot of

workers with different field of work. In employee selection I have to interview workers in

order to obtain information of their ability of physical and mental. This is to ensure that the

individual is suitable with the work in the factory thus they can easily cope with the

workplace environment easily. Other than that, I also have to monitor the employee

performance. I have to ensure that the workers at their peak of performance so that the work

can go smoothly and the worker are happy to work there. If there are problems with workers I

have to inform the management and further action have to take weather to transfer to giving

counselling to the employees. Lastly, to know what are the improvements that a

organizational to have is by study the consumers reactions toward company products. This

can be done by using surveys and tests. After data are collected company can know the

problems about their products and they can made adjustment and improvements.

Last but not least, there are wide field in organizational and industrial psychology. As I

wrote above is only one part of the work as organizational and industrial psychologist and

there are a lot of other interesting things in this field.

CONCLUSION

After doing some searching and reading I realised that industrial and organizational

psychology is a wide field. I also think that this field is interesting because it study about

human that is ourselves. I also know what are the great names that giving so much effort in

this field and their contribution. Their names will know from times. I really hope that I will

gain knowledge in this field and it will benefit me in the future.

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI

MALAYSIA

UHS 2062 INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

NAME: MUHAMMAD ZULKARNAIN MD NUR

IC NO: 901011035769

MATRIC NO: AM080367

LECTURER: PN. ROKIAH

SECTION: 4