NALRC “Let’s Speak” African Language Series ChiChewa Let’s Speak ChiChewa (A First-Year...
Transcript of NALRC “Let’s Speak” African Language Series ChiChewa Let’s Speak ChiChewa (A First-Year...
NALRC “Let’s Speak” African Language Series
Tiyankhule ChiChewa
Let’s Speak ChiChewa (A First-Year Textbook)
David Sani Mwanza
&
Alick Kadango Bwanali
NALRC PRESS
Madison, Wisconsin
2011
“Let’s Speak” African Language Series Antonia Fælárìn Schleicher, Series General Editor Also in the “Let’s Speak” Series: Tuseme Kiswahili, Dardasha: Egyptian Arabic, Tosolola Na Lingala, Masikhulume Isizulu, Let’s Speak Amharic, A Re Bueng Setswana, Ngatitaure Shona, Bua Sesotho, Ma Yenka Akan (Twi), Af Soomaali Aan Ku Hadalno (Hadallo), Mù Zântā Dà Harshèn Hausa, B§t£ Kik£ng¡, Nanu Dégg Wolof, Asikhulume IsiNdebele, Asikulume SiSwati, Ka Anyị Sụọ Igbo, Natulande iciBemba, © 2011 NALRC
The development and the publication of the NALRC “Let’s Speak” African Language Series is made possible through a grant from the U.S. Department of Education’s IEGPS (International and Education and Graduate Programs Service).
NALRC Publications Office
Antonia Folárìn Schleicher, Series General Editor Isaac Akere, Assistant Editor
John Adeika, Production Editor Charles Schleicher, Copy Editor
Aquilina Mawadza, Project Coordinator NALRC “Let’s Speak” African Language Series, Let's Speak Ndebele – Elementary Level Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mwanza, David Sani. Tiyankhule ChiChewa = Let's speak ChiChewa : (a first-year textbook) / David Sani Mwanza & Alick Kadango Bwanali. p. cm. -- (NALRC "Let's speak" African language series) Parallel title: Let's speak ChiChewa English and Chewa. ISBN 978-1-59703-022-9 (softcover : alk. paper) 1. Chewa dialect--Textbooks for foreign speakers--English. 2. Chewa dialect--Grammar. I. Bwanali, Alick Kadango. II. Title. III. Title: Let's speak ChiChewa. IV. Series: Let's speak African language series. PL8110.C52M93 2011 496.391883421--dc22 2011023582
Published and Distributed by: National African Language Resource Center
4231 Humanities Building 455 N. Park St.
Madison, WI 53706 Phone: 608-265-7905
Email: [email protected] http://lang.nalrc.wisc.edu/nalrc
Let’s Speak African Language Series
The Let’s Speak An African Language series is the first series of Communicatively Oriented African language textbooks developed in the United States. The series is based on the model of Jê K’Á Sæ Yorùbá (Let’s Speak Yoruba) written by Antonia Folarin Schleicher in 1993. The need for the series arose to fill the gap of providing African language learners with not only up to date materials, but also materials that will prepare them to truly communicate in their respective African languages. The series is based on the Communicative Approach to language learning in the sense that learners are provided with activities that will help them to perform functions that native speakers of these languages perform in their appropriate cultural contexts. The grammars and the vocabulary in the textbooks are those that will help the learners to perform appropriate functions. The monologues and the dialogues are authentic in the sense that they present real life situations. The activities in the texts are also tailored to assist learners in acquiring the necessary skills such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Tiyankhule ChiChewa is the eighteenth in this series to be modeled after Jê K’Á Sæ
Yorùbá. There are African language scholars currently working from the same model for Tigrinya and Pulaar. If you are interested in using this model to develop materials for the language that you teach, please contact the staff of the National African Language Resource Center (NALRC). Manuscripts are subject to external review and need to follow the theoretical framework established for the series. A series such as this depends on the vision, goodwill and labor of many. Special appreciation is extended to the National Security Education Program that provided the original grant that supported the author in developing this textbook. We are also indebted to the U.S. Department of Education’s IEGPS (International and Education and Graduate Programs Service), the NALRC staff, the three anonymous reviewers, the NALRC Advisory Board, as well as various individuals who support the efforts of the NALRC in promoting African language pedagogy nationally and internationally. Without the support, advice and assistance of all, the Let’s Speak African Language Series would not have become a reality. Antonia Folárìn Schleicher Series General Editor
Tiyankhule ChiChewa
Let’s Speak Chichewa
A Multidimensional Approach to the
Teaching and Learning of
ChiChewa
As a Foreign Language
By
David Sani Mwanza
&
Alick Kadango Bwanali
© 2011 The National African Language Resource Center
University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin
USA
ZAMKATIMO / CONTENTS TSAMBA/PAGE
Preface ………………………………………………………………………….... xv Acknowledgements ........................................................... ..................................................... xviii Biography ………………………………………………………………………... xxix 1. Phunzilo loyamba / Preliminary Lesson: …………………………… 1
Social Interaction First Encounter Greetings ………………………………………………. 1 Kupatsana moni pa nthawi yosiyana siyana / Greeting at different times .. 3 Informal greetings/ kupatsana moni kwa chibwana ……………………. 4
Mkhalidwe / Culture/: Greetings/moni ………………………... 5 Banja, Chibale/ Kinship ……………………………………….. 8 Banja: The Extended Family/banja lalikulu …………………… 8
Maina / Names ………………………………………………………… 9 Classroom Expressions ………………………………………………… 11 Vowels and Consonants ……………………………………………….. 13 Syllables ………………………………………………………………... 14 A note on Chewa Consonants ………………………………………….. 14 Tone …………………………………………………………………… 14 Kuwerenga / Counting ………………………………………………… 15 Masiku a mulungu/Days of the Week ………………………………….. 15
2. Kuzidziwitsa/ Lesson One: …………………………………………. 21 Introducing Oneself
Kuziyankhulitsa: Malita talks about herself …………………………….. 21 Kukambirana: Mateyo introduces himself to Tasila ……………………. 22 Asking and Telling Names …………………………………………….. 24 Maiko okhalamo / Nationalities ………………………………………. 24 Kukumana kwa nthawi yoyamba: Meeting for the first time ………….... 25 Kukambirana: Tisauke meets two visitors ……………………………... 25 Galamala / Grammar: Personal Pronouns and Subject Prefixes ……….. 27
Reduplicated Pronouns ……………………………………….... 28 Object Pronouns ……………………………………………….. 28 Conjunctive Pronouns …………………………………………. 28
The Present Habitual Tense ……………………………………………. 29 Ndi angati ? / How many? ……………………………………………… 32 Kukambirana: Professor Miti is greeted by a new Teaching Assistant.. 34
3. Mutu Wa Ciwiri / Lesson Two: ………………………………….. 39 Banja/Family
Kudziyankhulitsa: Malingose talks about her family …………………. 40 Galamala: Zisonyezo / Demonstratives ……………………………… 42 Kukambirana: Taonga and Susana talk about other people …………… 42 Galamala: Afotokozi/ Adjectives ……………………………………. 43
Sound Changes ………………………………………………. 44 Mkhalidwe: Banja/The Family ………………………………………. 45 Nyama / Animals ……………………………………………………. 45 Kuwerenga: 10-1000 ………………………………………………… 46 Galamala: More Tenses ……………………………………………… 46 Recent Past Tense …………………………………………… 47
Negative Tenses …………………………………………….. 48 4. Mutu Wa Citatu / Lesson Three: …………………………………. 53 Activities and Life at Home
Kudziyankhulitsa: Masauso, a university student talks about her two friends 54 Galamala: Zilankhulo / Languages ………………………………….. 56 Malwian Laguages Map ……………………………………… 57 Laguages of Zambia and Malawi ……………………………... 58 Galamala: Mayina / Nouns referring to people ………………………. 59
Possessives ………………………………………………….. 61 Kudziyankhulitsa: Professor Malungo and his guest ………………… 62 Kudziyankhulitsa: Lozi and Milika give a presentation …………….... . 64 Galamala: Negative Tenses ………………………………………….. 65 Kuwunikanso Phunziro / Review …………………………………… 66
5. Mutu Wa Cinai / Lesson Four: …………………………………… 71 Housing and Accommodation
Kudziyankhulitsa: Mose talks about his house ………………………. 72 Mkhalidwe: Houses and Homesteads ……………………………….. 75 Galamala: Locatives ………………………………………………… 76
Animal Class Nouns ………………………………………… 77 Kudziyankhulitsa: Nenani talks about his siblings …………………... 79 Galamala: Expressing what is there? / Kulankhula za zinthu zili kuja?. 79 Kukambirana: Amai Malita asks about Malita's whereabouts ……….. 82
6. Mutu Wa Cisanu / Lesson Five: …………………………………. 89 People, Nationalities and Age
Kudziyankhulitsa: Tasila alankhula za mzake Falesi ………………… 89 Mkhalidwe: Birthdays ………………………………………………. 91 Galamala: Personal Pronouns and Nationalities …………………….. 91 Kukambirana: Lozi talks to Christian ……………………………...... 92 Galamala: Kuwerenga ………………………………………………. 93 Talking about age …………………………………………………… 95 Kukambirana: Mumba meets Lozi and tries to speak to her ………… 96
7. Mutu Wa Cisanu Ndi Cimodzi / Lesson Six: …………………… 99 Personalities
Kudziyankhulitsa: Lufeyo afolokoza za bana lake ….……………….... 99 Mkhalidwe: Concept of Beauty ……………………………………… 103 Galamala: More on Adjectives, Adjectives with Plural Nouns ………. 103
Color Adjectives and Sound Changes ……………………….. 104 Number Adjectives and Animal the Class …..……………………...... 105 Size/Quantity Adjectives and the Animal Class …………………….. 105 Galamala / Grammar: The Verb to have ndi ………………………… 107 Expressing Age ……………………………………………... 107
Negative of the verb to have …………………………………. 108 Kuwunikanso Phunziro / Review …………………………………... 110
8. Mutu Wa Cisanu Ndi Ciwiri / Lesson Seven: …………………… 111 Going on a trip
Kudziyankhulitsa: chifuniro ndi mzake Falesi anayendera Victoria Falls ndi mzake alankhula ulendo wano ..……………… 114 Galamala: Future Tense …………………………………………….. 115
Negative Future Tense ……………………………………… 116 Recent Past Tense …………………………………………... 117 Remote Past Tense …………………………………………. 117 Negative Remote Past ………………………………………. 117 Useful Expression about the past …………………………… 118 The Infinitive ku- …………………………………………… 118 The Negative Infinitive ……………………………………… 118
Kudziyankhu: Lozi alankhula ndi mzake pa lamya ………………….. 121
9. Mutu Wa Cisanu Ndi Citatu / Lesson Eight: ……………………. 125 Means of Transport
Kudziyankhulitsa: Falesi talks about their journey to Harare ………… 125 Maina a miyezi / Names of the Months …………………….. 126 Adverbs and Degree of Frequency Phrases …………………. 127 Manner ……………………………………………………… 128 Time Oriented Adverbs ………………………………………. 128 Past Progressive Tense ……………………………………… 129
Mnjira yotani? / By what means? …………………………………… 130 Kukambirana: Amayi Phiri talks to Amayi Mwale. ………………..…. 131 Galamala: Stative Verbs …………………………………………….. 132
10. Mutu Wa Cisanu Ndi Cinai / Lesson Nine: …………………….. 135 Clothing
Kudziyankhulitsa: Mother talks about dressing for a school occasion.. 136 Galamala: Relative markers ………………………………………… 138
The Interrogative i and -ti? …………………………….... 136 Maonekedwe: Kala/Color ……………………………….………….. 141 Mkhalidwe: Kuvala / Clothing ……………………………………… 143 Kukambirana: Lozi goes to a wedding ………………………………. 145 Kuwunikanso Phunziro / Review …………………………………... 146
11. Mutu Khumi / Lesson Ten: ……………………………………… 149 Shopping
Kudziyankhulitsa: Benson goes shopping …………………………… 150 Manu gwiritsa pogula / Shopping Vocabulary……………………….. 151 Cultural note on Market ………………………………………..…… 152 Kukambirana: Belita is at the market ………………………………… 152 Galamala: li- / ma- noun class ………………………………………. 154
Mono-syllabic and multi-syllabic verbs ……………………… 155 Negative Imperatives ……………………………………….. 155 Subjunctives ………………………………………………... 157 Negative Subjunctives ……………………………………… 158 The subjective and kuti ……………………………..……….. 158
12. Mutu Khumi Ndi Cimodzi / Lesson Eleven: ……………………. 161 Different Foods
Kudziyankhulitsa: Falesi talks about the different foods she eats…….. 161 Nyama / Meat ………………………………………………………. 162 Ndiwo za masamba, zipatso ndi zina / Vegetables, Fruits and other things 163 Some Chewa Traditional Foods ……………………………………... 164 Mayina azophika ndi zophikira/ Some cookery vocabulary …….…… 164 Mkhalidwe: Nsima among the Chewa people ……………………….. 166 Galamala: chi- ~ zvi class of nouns ………………………………… 167 Kukambirana: In a restaurant ……………………………………….. 167
13. Mutu Khumi Ndi Ziwiri / Lesson Twelve: ……………………… 169 Time
Kudziyankhulitsa: Belita talks about her day ………………………… 169 Galamala: Nthawi / Time ………………………………………….... 171 Time words …………………………………………………………. 172 Mkhalidwe: Nthawi …………………………………………………. 172 Galamala: Conjunctions …………………………………………….. 175 Kukambirana: Asking about the time ……………………………….. 176 Kupitamonso ……………………………………………………….. 177
14. Mutu Khumi Ndi Citatu / Lesson Thirteen : …………………… 179 Professions
Kudziyankhulitsa / Monologue………………………….…………… 180 Galamala: Asking about people's professions ………………………… 182 Kukambirana: Lufeyo meets his primary school teacher ……………… 184 Galamala: Abstract Nouns …………………………………………… 185
Expressing still..., Expressing Can …., ............................................ 186 Occupations in the rural and urban settings …………….…………… 187
15. Mutu Khumi Ndi Zinayi / Lesson Fourtheen: …………………… 189 Ceremonies and celebrations
Kudziyankhulitsa: Father calls aunt …………………………………… 189 Words on celebration …………………………………………………. 190 Ukwati: Important Chewa ceremonies (Marriage)..……………………. 191 Congratulatory Expressions …………………………………………… 192 Condolences Expressions …………………………………………….. 192
Galamala: Asking about ceremonies ………………………………….. 193 Locatives …………………………………………………….. 193
Galama: Passive -w-, -iw-, -ew-, causative -is ~ -es- ………………….... 194 Chewa Traditional Celebrations ……………………………………… 195 Chewa Modern Celebrations and Public Holidays ……………………. 195 Kukambirana: Malita talks about a wedding invitation ……………… 196
16. Mutu Khumi Ndi Zisanu / Lesson Fifteen:……………………… 199 Daily Routinue
Kufotokoza: Hilida’s mother talks about her daily chores at her rural home 200 Cultural note on daily chores ………………………………………… 202 Galamala: ka- ~ ti- Nouns .......................................................................... 203
Ku - Verbal Nouns .......................................................................... 203 Kukambirana: Amayi Thomas meets her sister in town ……………..... 204 Kuwunikanso Phunziro / Review …………………………………… 203
17. Mutu Khumi, Zisanu Ndi Cimodzi / Lesson Sixteen: ………….. 209 Languages and Countries of Africa
Kudziyankhulitsa: Lozi introduces her cousin Lumbiwe …………….. 209 Malawian National Anthem ………………………………………….. 210 Useful Terms on Countries ………………………………………….. 213 Galamala: The adjective ambiri / many ……………………………… 214
Expressing –modzi-, -na ~ one, same, another, certain …………. 215 Expressing -onse ~ -ekha all, alone ……………………….. 215 The mu- ~ mi- noun class ………………………………….. 215
Mkhalidwe: About the ChiChewa Language ……………..…………. 217 Nkhani / Narration: Professor Mwanza talks about the countries he has visited …………………………………. 218
18. Mutu Khumi, Zisanu Ndi Ziwiri / Lesson Seventeen: …….…… 221 Asking and Giving Directions
Kudziyankhulitsa: Belita gives the directions to her house .…………. 222 Direction Vocabulary ……………………………………………….. 224 Mkhalidwe: Asking for Directions …………………………………… 224 Galamala: Expressing about to........................................................................ 225
Neuter Verb Extension -ik- ~ -ek- ………………………….. 229 lu- Noun Class ………………………………………………. 230
Kukambirana: Misozi gets lost in town ……………………………… 230 19. Mutu Khumi, Zisanu, Ndi Zitatu / Lesson Eighteen: …………… 233 University Life
Kudziyankhulitsa: Kelvin speaks about his studies at university ……… 233 Mkhalidwe: Traditional and Modern Forms of Education ……………. 236 Galamala: Professions ………………………………………………... 238 Kukambirana: Telephone Conversation ……………………………... 239 Kuwunikanso Phunziro / Review................................................................. 240
Appendix: Agreement Prefixes …………………………………………… 243 Chewa -English Glossary ……………………………………………….… 245 English- Chewa Glossary …………………………………………………. 271 References……………………………………………………………….…. 296
243 Appendix: Chewa Agreement Prefixes
PRONOUN
/CLASS
NOUN PREFIX PRESENT
SUBJECT
PREFIX-
PAST
SUBJECT
PREFIX
ADJECTIVE
PREFIX
DEMONSTRATIVE
PREFIX
POSSESSIVE
PREFIX
QUANTITATIVE
PREFIX
OBJECT
PREFIX
Ine (I) - ndi- na- - - - nd- -ndi-
Iwe
(You, sg)
- u- na- - - - w- -ku-
Iye (He/
She)
- a- na- - - - - -mu-
Ife(We) - ti- na- - - - t- -ti-
Inu
(You, pl)
- mu- na- - - - m- -ku-
Iwo
(They)
- na- na- a- - - w- -wa-
1 Mu- na- na- mu- uyu/o wa- w- -mu
2 a- na- na- a- awa/o wa- w- -wa-
1a na- na- a- awa/o wa- w- -ma-
2a Ana- na- na- va- awa/o wa- w- -wa-
244
3 Mu- u- na- mu- uyu/o wa- w- -u-
4 mi- i- na- mi- iyi/o ya- y- -i-
5 li- li- la- - ili/o la- l- -li-
6 Ma- a- a- ma- aya/o a- - -a-
7 Chi- chi- cha- chi- ichi/o cha- ch- -chi-
8 zi- zi- za- zi- izi/o za- za- -zi-
9 i- i- ya- - iyi/o ya- y- -i-
10 Dzi- dzi- dza- - idzi/o dza- dz- -dzi-
11 **ru- **ru- **rwa- **ru- **urwu/o **rwa- **rw- **-ru-
12 ka- ka- ka- ka- aka/o ka- k- -ka-
13 tu- tu- twa- tu- utu/o twa- tw- -tu-
14 u- ku- kwa- ku- uku/o kwa- kw- -ku-
15 Ku- Ku kwa- ku- uku/o kwa- kw- -ku-
16 Pa- pa- pa- pa- apa/o pa- p- -pa-
17 Ku- ku- kwa ku- uku/o kwa- kw- -ku-
18 Mu- mu- ma- mu- umu/o ma- m- -mu-
21 zi- ri- ra- zi- iri/o ra- r- -ri-
245
Chewa – English Glossary
A
afanana they look alike
Agogo aamuna grandfather,
Ai No
akauntanti Accountant
akazi Women
ako Your
alendo Visitors
amafuna s/he wants
amayi mother, Mrs
amakonda s/he likes
amaphunzira s/he is studying/reading
Agogo aakazi Grandmother
Amereka America
amphawi poor (people)
amuna Men
ana Children
anga My
anthu people
anyamata boys
anyezi onion/s
apo over there
apongozi aunt (mother-in-law)
apongozi paternal aunt
asitironoti an astronaut
abambo father
atsikana girls
246
awa these (people)
awiri two
awo those (people)
B
-badwa be born
bakha duck
banja family
banki bank
basi bus
botani botany
botolo a bottle
buku book
bukushopu/sitolo bookshop/store
bulauni brown
bulauzi blouse/s
buleki a break
bulu blue
buluku long trousers/pants
bwalo
khomo
yard
home/door
bwalo la ndege airport
bwalo lamilandu court of law
bwanji? what’s up?
bwenzi friend
bwera come
bwereza repeat (singular)
bwerezani repeat (plural/honorific)
247
-bwino good / nice / beautiful /handsome
C
-okha only / just
chabwino All right
chabwino ok
chachikulu big / large
chaka chatsopano chabwino Happy New Year!
chaka chatsopano/nyuwere New Year
chakudya Food
chakumwa drink
-chenjera clever, bright
chezera visit
chabwino it is alright
chaka chamawa next year
chaka chatha Last year
chikasu yellow
chipwitikizi Portuguese language
chisumbu island
chiti? which ones?
choonadi truth
chiyani? What?
chifukwa because / due to
chifukwa cha ichi therefore
chigawo cha boma government ministry
chiJapanizi Japanese language
chiJeremani German language
chikondi like/love
248
chikondwerero celebration
chikwi thousand
chikwi chimodzi one thousand
chimanga corn/maize
china another
chinanazi Pineapple
chingelezi English language
chinthu a thing
chipatso Fruit
chisoti a hat
chita do/make
chithunzi Picture
chitsanzo Example
chiyankhulo Language
chizindikiro Seal
chona/pusi/mphaka cat/s
chotsela minus, subtract
choyamba First
D
dipatimenti
department
digirii university degree
dilesi a dress
dimba garden
Disembala December
disiko disco
dizeteshoni dissertation/thesis
dotolo doctor
249
duku type of a veil
dwala be sick
dzana day before yesterday
dziko country
dzina name
dzinja summer
dzira/mazira egg/s
dziwa Know
dziwitsa Introduce
dzuka wake up
dzulo Yesterday
E
ena Others
Epulo April
F
Famasisiti
Pharmacist
Febuluwale February
fika arrive, reach
filosofe Philosophy
fizikisi Physics
Foloko a fork
Fulati flat/apartment
funafuna/saka search for
Funsa Ask
-fupi short
a glass
250
G
galasi
galimoto cars
galu dog
gawo/dera/sukulu faculty
geti gate
galajuweshoni graduation
gileyi gray
gilovu glove/s
go go go knock knock knock
gona sleep
gula buy
gulitsa sell
gwiritsa use, utilize
H
hafu
half
hisitole history
hositelo hall of residence
I
ichi this
chinthu ichi this thing
ifa die
ife we/us
ifeyo we (emphasis)
ikonomisiti economist
ima stand, wait, stop