134111 child care centre manager immigration services to australian capital territory (act)
Nalini.ppt
-
Upload
petersam67 -
Category
Business
-
view
371 -
download
0
Transcript of Nalini.ppt
RFID Technology…
Trends and Challenges
April 2006By
Nalini Mahadeo
RFID Technology…Opportunities and challenges
2
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Objectives
• To educate, inform and share information on a rapidly growing technology.
• To create a forum for discussion.
• To facilitate development of a network amongst RFID stakeholders.
3
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Overview
• RFID History
• RFID system components– Tags, Readers, Spectrum, Antennas
• RFID Models
• Regulatory Considerations
• Market Trends
• Challenges– Standards, Security, Privacy, Societal impact
4
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges What is RFID?
• Radio Frequency Identification or RFID refers to the set of technologies that use radio waves for identifying objects or people.
Identification System
Wireless Link
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (
Item to identify
5
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges RFID Characteristics
• Does not require line of sight
• Can withstand harsh environments
• Can be reused
• Can be read in groups
• Allows for data security
6
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges RFID History
7
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges
Three Main Components:• Tags (or transponders) - carry identifying
data
• Readers (or transceivers) - read/write tag data & interfaces with system
• Back-end infrastructures - process the data
RFID Basics
RS485 Serial Interface
Computer
ID Tag
Reader
8
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges RFID System: Components
9
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Readers
• Communicate with RFID tags.
• Also called an interrogator because it “interrogates" the tag.
10
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Radio Modules and Readers
11
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges
Tags• Passive Tags
• Semi-Passive Tags
• Active Tags
12
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Tag Types
Active33% (2004)
Passive67% (2004)
Semi-Passive
Battery Yes (used for communication)
No Yes(not used for communication)
Distance ~ 300ft 4” - 15ft < 150 ft
Price > 37 TTD > 0.7 TTD > 7 TTD
13
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Tags- Passive
14
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Tags- Active
15
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Smallest Tag
• World smallest RFID chip– 2.45 GHz – Passive transponder– 30 cm reading distance– Battery-less– Secure (ROM) – Simplicity
0.4 mm x 0.4mm x 0.15mm
approx. 50mm
16
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Spectrum Plan
• Radio Spectrum -limited Resource for RFID
• FCC Part 15 (NA)- 902-928 MHz (50 channels)
• ETSI 208 (EU)- 865.6-867.6 MHz (10 channels)
• Reader signal and Tag signal need to be separate
17
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Spectrum
100%
20
04
125
KHz
6.78
MH
z
13.5
6 M
Hz
433
MH
z 868/
915
MH
z
2.45
GH
z
LF HF VHF UHF μwave
Car
d ke
y, a
cces
s
cont
rol
Bagg
age
hand
ling,
track
ing
hosp
ital
equi
p Supp
ly c
hain
, mat
eria
ls
man
agem
ent
18
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges
Frequency, Antenna & Range
19
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Networked RFID
20
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Regulatory Considerations
• Usage of channel– Industrial, Scientific, & Medical (ISM) Bands– Primary service– Secondary service
• Narrowband or Spread Spectrum
• Power limits
• Equipment certification
21
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Market trend
22
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges RFID Cost trend
23
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges
Miniaturization and declining prices
24
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Korea’s Roadmap
25
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Future trends
26
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Challenges
• Governance of resources– Control of UIDs
• Standards-setting and interoperability– ITU to coordinate
• Data Protection and Consumer Privacy– Integrity of data and its use
27
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges RFID Standards
• Animal – ISO 11784, ISO 11785,ISO 14223
• Smart card– ISO 10536, ISO 14443, ISO 15693
• Item management– ISO 18000 series, EPC Global, GTAG initiative
• Test methods– ISO 10373 (Smart Card)
28
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges
Standards Organisations
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
IEEE INCITS
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
International TelecommunicationsUnion (ITU) (United Nations)
TC 122/104 JWGSC Apps RFID
TC 8Ships & Marine Tech
SC 31Automatic Data Capture
ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1(JTC 1)
ITU-T (fka CCITT)Telecommunications
ITU-R (fka CCIR & IFBR)Radio-frequency Issues
ITU-D (fka BDT)Telecommunications Development
ECMAComité Européen Normalisation(CEN)
Comité Européen NormalisationElectrotechnique (CENELEC)
Comité Européen Postal &Telegraph (CEPT)
TC 104Freight Containers
International
Regional
NationalStandards Assoc of
China (SAC)AFNOR
Deutches Institutfur Normung (DIN) JISCANSIBritish Standards
Institution (BSI)
AIMMHI GS 1 CEA
Industry
Other
DoD ATA CEA AIA HIBCC AIAG GS 1 Other
WG 1 - Symbology
WG 2 - Data Content
WG 3 - Conformance
WG 4 - RFID
Universal Postal Union (UPU) (United Nations)
T6 B10
SC 17IC Cards
VDA
ODETTE
WG 5 - RTLS
TC 122Packaging
SC 6Telcom & info exchbtwn systems
29
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Types of Standards
• Technology
• Data Content
• Conformance
• Network
• Application Standards
30
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges
• Unauthorized disabling tags
• Spoofing and Impersonation
• Passive signal interception of signals from the RFID tag or Reader
• Unauthorized reading of RFID tag
• Hacking tool for RFID tag is available on Internet
• More elaborate cases of attacking RFID tags
• Privacy infringement
Data Protection
31
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Privacy
• Impact of consumer concerns over Privacy
• Is being addressed
• Lack of clarity– How to avoid divide– How to convince users to progress
PRIVATE
32
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges
Privacy
Socio-ethical
•Consumer rights
•Public Awareness
•Disclosure
•Consumer advocacy
Economic/Market
•Self Regulation
•Codes of Conduct
•Privacy certification
•Consumer education
Technical
•Encryption
•ID Management
•Privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs)
Legal/Regulatory
•Consumer consent
•Collection limitation
•Use limitation
•Openness
•Accountability
Privacy Protection
33
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges
BusinessBusiness
LifeLife
InfrastructureInfrastructure
Potential to change lifestyles
( Physical distribution, Inventory control )
( Guidance for handicapped people or tourists )
( Food safety, Products traceability )
Potential Impact of RFID
34
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Summary
• Expected to be most dense, customer installed radio network
• Data deluge- another internet/cellular communication system
• Sensors and item level tagging may take us from mission critical retail to revolutionary lifestyles
35
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges
36
RFI
D T
ech
nolo
gy…
Opport
unit
ies
and
Ch
alle
nges Thank You!
Ms. Nalini Mahadeo
Wireless Engineer
Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago
Phone: 675-8288
Fax: 674-1055
Email: [email protected]