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ISO/TC 197 N 988

ISO/TC 197Hydrogen technologies

Email of secretary: [email protected] Secretariat: SCC (Canada)

Plenary - China Stationary High Pressure H2 Storage 2017-12

Document type: Other committee document

Date of document: 2018-02-27

Expected action: INFO

Background: Here is the presentation made by Jinyang Zheng at the ISO/TC197 Plenary meeting in China 2017-12

Committee URL: https://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/open/tc197

mailto:[email protected]

https://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/open/tc197

Jinyang Zheng

Innovative Technology for Stationary High Pressure Hydrogen Storage

Changjiang Scholar, Zhejiang UniversityChair，Code and Standard Division, IAHE

Chair, SAC/TC31/SC8 Gas Cylinders/High Pressure Vehicle Fuel TanksDirector , MOE Engineering Research Center for High Pressure Process Equipment and Safety

Vice Chair, National Technical Committee on Hydrogen Energy of Standardization Administration of China

Dec.6 2017 Foshan

The 2nd Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Summit & ISO/TC Strategic Planning Meeting

Content

2. Technical Challenges for Bulk Hydrogen Storage

4. Conclusions

3. Multi-Layered Steel Vessel (MLSV) Technology

1. Introduction

2

Vessels for bulk hydrogen storage are important equipment at hydrogenrefueling stations, central hydrogen production plants, geologic storage sites andterminals.

Storage sites

Production plants

Refueling station3

1. Introduction

1.1 Background

（1）Leakage and explosion

Easy leakage. Hydrogen combustion [ range of hydrogen is 4% -75% (volume

fraction) in air at normal temperature and pressure]. Very low ignition energy, 0.017mJ

（2）Pressure hazard

1. Introduction

4

1.2 Main Risk Identification

Plastic collapse due to over pressure. Fatigue caused by pressure cycle.

87.5MPa H2

87.5MPa Ar

Metal material (HE) Non-metal material

1. Introduction

5

1.2 Main Risk Identification

（3）Hydrogen damage

1.3 Essential Requirements

1. Introduction

6

（1）High Pressure

Usually 35-98MPa.

（2）Self-explosive-restrain

Inhibit the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks Only leak never burst even if crack propagation

（3）Online leakage detection

Detect leakage of hydrogen in real time Safely vent hydrogen on leakage

（4）Low cost and simple fabrication

No thick-walled weld Avoid whole heat treatment Use less expensive materials


7

2.1 Seamless steel cylinders（Type I ）

ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1, Mandatory Appendix 22 “Integrally Forged Vessels”

Made from seamless steel tube closed up on both ends – integral structure without welds.

（1）Standard

（2）Advantage

* Hydrogen Embrittlement

8


2.1 Seamless cylinders

（3）Disadvantage

The fatigue crack growth rate of 4130X in HP H2 is 30 to 50 times of that in the air .

- Difficult to know where and when crack ignition and propagation-Almost impossible for online leakage monitoring

-Diameter less than 900mm-The higher the pressure, the smaller the

volume-Use multiple vessels for bulk hydrogen

storage, increasing the points ofhydrogen leakage.

9


2.1 Seamless cylinders

* Difficulty in online safety monitoring

（3）Disadvantage

* Limit volume, thus points of leakage increase with its capacity

ASME Seamless Pressure Vessels for Stationary Storage of Gases

High cost, Limit in Volume（less than 500L,usually 300L）

10


2.2 Fully wrapped composite cylinders (Type III and Type IV)

（2）Advantage

（3）Disadvantage

KHKTD 5202(2014)圧縮水素蓄圧器用複合圧力容器に関する技術文書

Light, Hydrogen Compatibility

（1）Standard

* DOE supported on-going project.

* Welded layered inner steel vessel +concrete reinforcement

+ steel wire winding

* Cyclic loading test (on-going, 2000 to 6000psi)

11


2.3 Steel-Concrete Composite Vessels

11


Type II

JSW 日本神户制钢

2.4 Other technology

(1) Address the significant safety , cost , and volume challenges of the current

technology for stationary hydrogen storage.

(2) Develop Multi-Layered Steel Vessel （MLSV）design, fabrication，and

inspection technology for stationary storage system of high-pressure

hydrogen that meet DOE technical and cost targets

12


3.1 Objectives

We have developed a proprietary Multi-layered Steel Vessel (MLSV)under the support by 863 projects and 973 projects since 2003.


1.Support 2.Outer hemispherical head 3.Reinforcing ring 4.Protective shell 5.Steel ribbon layer 6.Inner shell 7.Top nozzle support 8.Inner hemispherical head 9.Head nozzle 10.Cylinder nozzle 11.Hydrogen flame arrester 12.Display and alarm instrument 13.Sensor 14.Vent pipe

13

*(1) Jinyang Zheng et al. High pressure Steel Storage Vessels Used in Hydrogen Refueling Station. Journal of Pressure VesselTechnology‐Transactions of the ASME. 2008,130‐014503(2) Jinyang Zheng et al. High Pressure 98 MPa Multifunctional Steel Layered Vessels for Stationary Hydrogen Storage. Proceedingsof the ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference, July 17‐21,2016, Vancouver, Canada 14


42MPa 98MPa77MPa 140MPa 90MPa

ISO/CD 19884

Gaseous

Hydrogen -

Cylinders and

Tubes for

Stationary

Storage

2003 2005 2008 2011 2013 2014 2015 2017

Q/JHGC-2005 GB/T26466-2011 GB/T34583-2017

13

MSLV integrates four major innovations to solve hydrogenembrittlement (HE), to optimize cost, scalability, durability, and safety.

15

Develop Material Test System with Ultra-high Pressure Hydrogen (HyMTS)Test: SSRT, Fatigue, Fatigue Crack Growth RateParameters: Pressure up to 140MPa

Temperature -60~100℃

（1）Novel multilayered design to eliminate HE by design

140MPa

2nd Generation

140MPa

1st Generation


3.2 Four Innovations

16

* Materials in contact with hydrogen are stainless steel；* Hydrogen migrated through the inner layer will pass throughthe gap between ribbon, resulting in no pressure buildup in theother layers.

Parent Material Weld Joint


Hydrogen Distribution

(2) Combine thin plate and cross-winding layer of low alloysteel ribbon to reduce cost

* Materials no contact with hydrogen are low alloy steel;* Facilities required are similar to that of traditional thin vessels except the

winding machine. Compared with traditional monoblock cylinder, a large amount of welding, heat treatment, and nondestructive testing are avoided.

17



18

Comparison Between the Cost of MSLVs and The DOE Targets


19


3.2 Four Innovations(3) Failure Mechanism Based Design and Unique Sensor

Technology for Safety* Failure Mechanism Based Design

Failure Mode 1: Plastic Collapse+ Plastic collapse pressure is no less than 2.6 design pressure+ Pre-stress design makes the inner layer under low stress at design

pressure, leak before burst(for avoiding catastrophic failure)Failure Mode 2: Fatigue

+ Fatigue life is determined with S-N curve obtained in HP hydrogenenvironment.

Failure Mode 3: Leakage+ Hydrogen resistant O ring

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1. Storage vessel2. Transmitter3. Indicator and alarm4. H2 fire arrestor5. H2 vent pipe6. Antistatic earthing device

* Advanced Sensor Technology -Online Diagnosis System


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(4) Modular design of hydrogen storage systemFlexibility for scalabilityFlexibility for cost optimizationSystem reliability and safetyIndividual vessels are self contained and monitored

Specification 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Design

Pressure/MPa 98 47 47 47 47 47 47

Volume/ 1.0 5.0 7.3 10.0 13.0 15.0 20.0Inside

Diameter/mm 500 1200 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500

Length/m(excluding support) 5.9 5.5 5.3 6.8 8.5 9.6 12.2

Hydrogen mass/kg 50 144 210 288 375 432 576



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3.3 Standards（Pressure≦100MPa， Temperature -40-80℃）（1）GB/T 26466 Stationary Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Vessels for Storage of High Pressure Hydrogen（2）GB/T 34583 Safety Technical Requirements for Hydrogen Storage Devices Used in Hydrogen Fuelling Station（3）GB 50516 Technical Code for Hydrogen Fuelling Station（4）ISO/CD 19884 Gaseous Hydrogen - Cylinders and Tubes for Stationary Storage

23

Inner diameter can be up to 1500 mm Length can be up to 30 m now

（3）On-line diagnosis

Advance Sensor Technology-Online Diagnosis System

No deep weld Easy NDT

（2）Scattered Defeat

（4）Convenient in fabrication

Welding only at both ends of the steel ribbon The manufacturing process does not require large and heavy equipment


3.4 Advantages

（1）Flexible in design

24

Vertical MLSV Horizontal MLSV

77MPa 98MPa


3.5 Applications

25

Technical challenges for bulk storage are hydrogen embrittlement

to steels due to long-term hydrogen exposure and high capital

cost especially for high pressure storage.

An innovative technology, multi-layered steel vessel （MLSV）,

has been developed and used in P.R. China.

MLSV is flexible in design, convenient in fabrication, low in cost,

and safe in operation.

MLSV is suitable for stationary high pressure hydrogen storage.

4. Conclusions

Thank You for Your Attention!

TEL: 0571‐87952110MP: +86 13858104676E‐mail: [email protected].: 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027,ChinaWeb.: http://person.zju.edu.cn/0092170

Contact@Jinyang Zheng

Center for Hydrogen Environment Embrittlement at ZJU

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