1. S.ST Project Work Topic- Mystery of Bermuda Triangle Made by Surbhi Class and section- VIII-C 2. The Bermuda Triangle Learn more about the Bermuda Triangle mystery with our interesting facts, secrets, history and theories. Are the reported ship and aircraft incidents and disappearances related to some kind of supernatural force or have the mysterious stories been exaggerated? Perhaps science can offer some answers, maybe the Bermuda Triangle is actually no different from other parts of the ocean. Enjoy our facts and information and decide for yourself. 3. The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil's Triangle, is an undefined region in the western part of the North Atlantic Oceanwhere a number of aircraft and ships are said to have disappeared under mysterious circumstances. The triangle does not exist according to the US Navy and the name is not recognized by the US Board on Geographic Names. Popular culture has attributed various disappearances to the paranormal or activity by extraterrestrial beings. 4. The sinister reputation of the Bermuda Triangle may be traceable to reports made in the late 15th century by navigator Christopher Columbus concerning the Sargasso Sea, in which floating masses of gulfweed were regarded as uncanny and perilous by early sailors; others date the notoriety of the area to the mid-19th century, when a number of reports were made of unexplained disappearances and mysteriously abandoned ships. The earliest recorded disappearance of a United States vessel in the area occurred in March 1918, when the USS Cyclops vanished. 5. The incident that consolidated the reputation of the Bermuda Triangle was the disappearance in December 1945 of Flight 19, a training squadron of five U.S. Navy torpedo bombers. The squadron left Fort Lauderdale, Florida, with 14 crewmen and disappeared after radioing a series of distress messages; a seaplane sent in search of the squadron also disappeared. 6. Aircraft that have disappeared in the area since this incident include a DC-3 carrying 27 passengers in 1948 and a C-124 Globemaster with 53 passengers in 1951. Among the ships that have disappeared was the tanker ship Marine Sulphur Queen, which vanished with 39 men aboard in 1963. Books, articles, and television broadcasts investigating the Bermuda Triangle emphasize that, in the case of most of the disappearances, the weather was favorable, the disappearances occurred in daylight after a sudden break in radio contact, and the vessels vanished without a trace. However, skeptics point out that many supposed mysteries result from careless or biased consideration of data. 7. For example, some losses attributed to the Bermuda Triangle actually occurred outside the area of the triangle in inclement weather conditions or in darkness, and some can be traced to known mechanical problems or inadequate equipment. 8. Documented evidence indicates that a significant percentage of th incidents were spurious, inaccurately reported, or embellished by later authors. In a 2013 study the World Wide Fund for Nature identifie the worlds 10 most dangerous waters for shipping, but the Bermuda Triangle was not among them.Contrary to popular belief, insurance companies do not charge higher premiums for shipping in this area. 9. . Paranormal associations with the Bermuda Triangle persist in the public mind, however Sargasso Sea, oval region of the western North Atlantic Ocean, between the West Indies and the Azores. The Sargasso Sea is the only sea in the world bordered by ocean currents rather than by land. The four great North Atlantic currentsthe Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic Current, the Canary Current, and the North Equatorial Currentflow in a clockwise direction around the Sargasso Sea. Although its limits are indefinite, the name Sargasso Sea is most commonly applied to the area between longitude 35 and 70 west and latitude 25 and 32 north. 10. The Sargasso Sea is noted for its large expanses of comparatively still water; this phenomenon is primarily due to the fact that the North Atlantic currents rotate around the margins of the region. The Sargasso Sea is named for one of the abundant varieties of seaweed that float on its surface, Sargassum natans, or brown gulfweed. Brown gulfweed thrives in this ocean region and creates beds that support a number of life forms. 11. Because the sea has weak currents, low precipitation, and high evaporation, its waters are saltier than those of other seas, making them inhospitable to many species. However, eels choose to spawn in the Sargasso Sea, swimming across the Atlantic from Europe and North America. After laying their eggs deep in the sea, they die. The young eels, or elvers, spend a year or more in the Sargasso Sea, then migrate back to Europe and North America. 12. The Sargasso Sea has been associated with many maritime myths, including that of the lost continent of Atlantis and the Devils Triangle, where a number of ships have disappeared or been abandoned.The discovery of Bermuda is attributed to a Spanish navigator, Juan de Bermdez, who was shipwrecked here in about 1503. No settlement was established, however, until 1609, when a party of English colonists under the mariner Sir George Somers sailing for Virginia, was also shipwrecked here. In 1612 the island group, known as Somers Islands, was included in the third charter of the Virginia Company, and a second group of English colonists arrived. This charter was revoked in 1684, however, and the islands then became a crown colony. 13. Because of their strategic location, the Bermuda Islands formerly served as the winter naval station for both the British North Atlantic and West Indian squadrons. From 1941 to 1995, sites on the islands were leased to the United States for naval and air bases. Bermuda became a self-governing dependency in 1968. In 1995 voters in Bermuda soundly rejected a referendum that would have made the island colony independent of the United Kingdom. In the late 1990s international business grew into Bermudas most important economic activity. The United Bermuda Party (UBP) controlled the government from 1968 when Bermuda became self-governing until it lost the 1998 legislative elections. 14. The first written boundaries date from a 1964 issue of pulp magazine Argosy, where the triangle's three vertices are in Miami, Florida peninsula; in San Juan, Puerto Rico; and in the mid-Atlantic island of Bermuda. But subsequent writers did not follow this definition. Every writer gives different boundaries and vertices to the triangle, with the total area varying from 500,000 to 1.5 million square miles. 15. Consequently, the determination of which accidents have occurred inside the triangle depends on which writer reports them.The United States Board on Geographic Names does not recognize this name, and it is not delimited in any map drawn by US government agencies.The area is one of the most heavily traveled shipping lanes in the world, with ships crossing through it daily for ports in the Americas, Europe, and the Caribbean Islands. Cruise ships are also plentiful, and pleasure craft regularly go back and forth between Florida and the islands. It is also a heavily flown route for commercial and private aircraft heading towards Florida, the Caribbean, and South America from points north. 16. Triangle writers have used a number of supernatural concepts to explain the events. One explanation pins the blame on leftover technology from the mythical lost continent ofAtlantis. Sometimes connected to the Atlantis story is the submerged rock formation known as the Bimini Road off the island of Bimini in the Bahamas, which is in the Triangle by some definitions. Followers of the purported psychic Edgar Cayce take his prediction that evidence of Atlantis would be found in 1968 as referring to the discovery of the Bimini Road. Believers describe the formation as a road, wall, or other structure, though geologists consider it to be of natural origin. 17. Compass problems are one of the cited phrases in many Triangle incidents. While some have theorized that unusual local magnetic anomalies may exist in the area, such anomalies have not been found. Compasses have natural magnetic variations in relation to the magnetic poles, a fact which navigators have known for centuries. Magnetic (compass) north and geographic (true) north are only exactly the same for a small number of places for example, as of 2000 in the United States only those places on a line running from Wisconsin to the Gulf of Mexico. But the public may not be as informed, and think there is something mysterious about a compass "changing" across an area as large as the Triangle, which it naturally will. 18. One of the most cited explanations in official inquiries as to the loss of any aircraft or vessel is human error. Human stubbornness may have caused businessman Harvey Conover to lose his sailing yacht, the Revonoc, as he sailed into the teeth of a storm south of Florida on January 1, 1958. Hurricanes are powerful storms, which form in tropical waters and have historically cost thousands of lives lost and caused billions of dollars in damage. The sinking of Francisco de Bobadilla's Spanish fleet in 1502 was the first recorded instance of a destructive hurricane. These storms have in the past caused a number of incidents related to the Triangle. 19. An explanation for some of the disappearances has focused on the presence of large fields of methane hydrates (a form of natural gas) on the continental shelves. Laboratory experiments carried out in Australia have proven that bubbles can, indeed, sink a scale model ship by decreasing the density of the water;any wreckage consequently rising to the surface would be rapidly dispersed by theGulf Stream Unusual features of the area had been noted since Christopher Columbus sailed through the area on his first voyage to the New World, in which he reported a great flame of fire (probably a meteor) crashed into the sea one night and that a strange light appeared in the distance a few weeks later. He also wrote about inconsistent compass readings, which later believed as natural phenomena happens in places where True North (geodetics north pointing to the North Poles geographic location) and Magnetic North (well-known as Compass North) lined up the two north are in fact have different scientific implications. 20. Has the Bermuda Triangle Mystery been finally solved? According to Mike Walters, a top researcher in the mystery who has been exploring the area of the triangle for more than 20 years, the answer is yes. Walters theory begins on a dive he took around 20 miles southwest from the coast of Bermuda where he claims he found a large crystal that was mostly buried in the sand underneath approximately 100 feet of water. The crystal was very large and Walters claims he thinks it is the biggest one piece crystal ever found. 21. As more incidents occurred, the reputation grew and past events were reanalyzed and added to the legend. In 1964, "Argosy Magazine" gave the triangle its name in an article titled "The Deadly Bermuda Triangle" by Vincent Gaddis. Argosy magazine's tagline a "magazine of master fiction," but that did nothing to halt the spread of the myth. More articles, books, and movies have appeared, suggesting theories ranging from alien abductions to a giant octopus. The myth gained momentum after reporter E.V.W. Jones compiled a list of "mysterious disappearances" of ships and planes between the Florida coast and Bermuda. Two years later, George X. Sand wrote an article for "Fate" magazine, titled "Sea Mystery at our Back Door." The article was about a "series of strange marine disappearances, each leaving no trace whatever, that have taken place in the past few years" in a "watery triangle bounded roughly by Florida, Bermuda and Puerto Rico." 22. According to Norman Hooke, who conducted marine casualty studies for Lloyd's Maritime Information Services, based in London, "The Bermuda Triangle does not exist." He instead says that disappearances in the Triangle are typically weather- related. So despite the theories of why ships and planes disappear in the area, insurance premiums are no higher than for any other area of the ocean.