Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY

(8th Ed)

Chapter 6 & 7

Perception & Consciousness

(Unit 7- only do cards for chapter 7)

Chapter 6 Must know!

By the end of this chapter be able to address the following:You have been asked to paint a picture that includes buildings, fields, a river, and a mountain. Describe how you would use at least five monocular cues to give your painting a sense of depth.

Perception

Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Testing Selective Attention

Perceptual Illusions

Perceptual Illusions

Perceptual Illusions

Perceptual Illusions

Perceptual Organization- Gestalt

Visual Capture tendency for vision to dominate

the other sensesGrouping

the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

Perceptual Organization- Gestalt

Gestalt- an organized whole tendency to integrate pieces of

information into meaningful wholesGrouping Principles

proximity- group nearby figures together

similarity- group figures that are similar continuity- perceive continuous

patterns closure- fill in gaps connectedness- spots, lines and areas

are seen as unit when connected

Perceptual Organization

Figure and Ground organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)

Perceptual Organization- Grouping Principles

Perceptual Organization- Grouping Principles

Gestalt grouping principles are at work here.

Perceptual Organization- Illusory Contours

Perceptual Organization-Depth PerceptionDepth Perception

ability to see objects in three dimensions

allows us to judge distanceBinocular cues

retinal disparityimages from the two eyes differ closer the object, the larger the disparity

convergenceneuromuscular cuetwo eyes move inward for near objects

Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception

Visual CliffEnd day 1

Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception

Monocular Cues relative size

smaller image is more distant interposition

closer object blocks distant object relative clarity

hazy object seen as more distant texture coarse --> close

fine --> distant

Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception

Relative Size

Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception

Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception

Monocular Cues (cont.) relative height

higher objects seen as more distant relative motion

closer objects seem to move faster linear perspective

parallel lines converge with distance relative brightness

closer objects appear brighter

Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception

Perspective Techniques

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual Constancy perceiving objects as unchanging

despite changes in retinal imagecolorshape size

Perceptual Organization

Perceptual Organization-Muller-Lyer Illusion

Perceptual Organization- Size-Distance Relationship

Perceptual Organization-Brightness Contrast

Sensory Restriction-Blakemore & Cooper, 1970

Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars.

Perceptual Interpretation

Perceptual Adaptation (vision) ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual fieldprism glasses

Perceptual Set a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

Perceptual Set-Schemas

What you see in the center is influenced

byperceptual set

Perceptual Set-Schemas Flying Saucers or Clouds?

End day 2

Perceptual Set- Human Factors

Perceptual Set- Human Factors

Actualdescent

path

Pilot’s perceiveddescent path

Altitude looksthis much higher

20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2Distance from runway (miles)

10

8

6

4

2

0

Altitude(thousands

of feet)

Perception without Sensation? “Paranormal”Extrasensory Perception

controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory inputTelepathy- mind to mindClairvoyance- remote eventsPrecognition- see into future

Parapsychology the study of paranormal phenomena

ESP- perception can occur without the senses

Psychokinesis- mind over matter, bending spoons

Count the F’s

Try this test. Don't cheat. You will only cheat yourself.

It is a quick test. It is a lot of fun. And, I promise, there are no "tricks" to the test. Read this sentence:    Finished files are the result of years of scientific studycombined with the experience of years...

Now count the F's in that sentence. Count them only once, only once:   do not go back and count them again.

After you are done, scroll down to see the answer.

 Answer:    There are six F's in the sentence.The "average" person finds three.There is no catch. Many people do not see the Fs in the word "OF". It has been argued that the human brain tends to see them as Vs and not Fs.

If you watch the above images from your seat in front of the computer, Mr.Angry is on the left, and Mrs.Calm is on the right.

Get up from your seat, and move back about eight feet!! They switch places!! I believe this illusion was created by Phillippe G. Schyns and Aude Oliva of the

.

This proves that we may not be seeing what's actually there, all the time!!

I do not know how they generated this fascinating image, and I believe no-one else is able to generate anything similar in Photoshop. I know it has something

to do with "low-pass" and "high-pass" filters, but the details??

 

Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe.

Or rather...According to a researcher (sic) at Cambridge University, it doesn't matter in what order the letters in a word are, the only important thing is that the first and last letter be at the right place. The rest can be a total mess and you can still read it without problem. This is because the human mind does not read every letter by itself but the word as a whole.

Perceptual Set Problems

327337326244099

MACDONALDMACHENRYMACMAHONMACHINERY

TIME FLIES I CANT THEYRE TOO FAST

Perceptual Set Problems

CHOPHOUSE

SALLY SAYS HER FATHER AND GRANDFATHER ARE BOTH 50 TODAY???

LULB,CALEM,NUKKS,SEUMO,BAZER, EAP. NORC, NOONI,MATOOT, PREPPE, TEBE, EAP.

FOLK, CROAK, SOAK…

Perceptual SET/ ESP

• FLORIST’S SON, CANDY STORE OWNER’S DAUGHTER, LIQUOR STORE OWNER’S SON ALL BRING PRESENTS TO THE KINDERGARTEN TEACHER FOR CHRISTMAS.

• 1-10, MULTIPLY BY 9, ADD TOGETHER, SUBTRACT 5, CORRESPONDING LETTER IN ALPHABET- GREY ELEPHANT FROM DENMARK

Perceptual Set Problems

What number comes next?32… (33)73… (74)373… (374)2624… (2625)4099… (4100) Thank you Mr. H