Mycobacterium Nonmotile Non-spore-forming Aerobic bacilli Cell wall rich in lipids Hydrofobic...
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Mycobacterium Nonmotile Non-spore-forming Aerobic bacilli Cell wall rich in lipids
Hydrofobic surface resistant to many disinfectants & stains
resistant to decolorizing
“acid-fast bacilli” Grow slowly (every 12-24 h)
Mycobacterium Slow-growings
3 to 8 weeks of incubation Rapid-growings
> 3 days Non-growing: Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium Most human infections are caused by
M. tuberculosis, M. leprae, M. avium complex, M. kansasii, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. abscessus
Mycobacterium/Physiology & structure Cell wall rich in lipids
resistant to many disinfectants & stains
resistant to decolorizing resistant to antibiotics antigenic clumping or chord formation
Classification Runyon’s
Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Pathogenesis Virulence
Capable of intracellular growth in unactivated macrophages
Disease primarily from host response to infection
Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Clinical disease Can involve any organ Primary infection is pulmonary
In immunocompetant patients replication cease in 3-6 weeks after exposure
5 % of patients progress to active disease in2 ys. Another 5-10 %, sometimes later in the life
Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Diagnosis Clinical diagnosis +
Radiographic evidence of pulmonary disease
Positive skin test reactivity The laboratory detection of mycobacteria
either with microscopy or in cultures
Mycobacterium leprae Weakly Gram-positive, strongly acid-fast
bacilli Unable to be cultured on artificial media Diagnosis made with specific skin test or
acid-fast stain Capable of intracellular growth Disease: tuberculoid-lepromatous-
intermediate forms
Mycobacterium avium Complex In environment:
Water(fresh, brackish,ocean, drinking water) Soil
Before AIDS epidemic Transient colonizer in asymptomatic patients Disease in patients with compromised
pulmonary function With AIDS, a new spectrum of disease
“The most common mycobacterial disease” disseminated
Laboratory Diagnosis of Mycobacterial Disease Detection
Skin test Microscopy
Carbolfuchsin acid-fast stain Fluorochrome acid-fast stain
Culture Solid agar-based or egg-based media Broth-based media
Laboratory Diagnosis of Mycobacterial Disease Identification
Morphologic properties Biochemical reactions Analysis of cell wall lipids Nucleic acid probes Nucleic acid sequencing